Objective To explore the compliance of rehabilitation training and its influencing factors in patients with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD). Methods The clinical case data of 320 PSD patients in the hospital were retrospectively analyzed from January 2020 to December 2023. According to the evaluation results of rehabilitation exercise adherence questionnaire (EAQ), PSD patients were divided into good compliance group (compliance index≥50%) and poor compliance group (compliance index<50%). The compliance of PSD patients was recorded. Univariate analysis and Multivariate logistic regression analysis were adopted to analyze the independent risk factors leading to poor compliance of PSD patients. Results The evaluation results of rehabilitation training compliance of PSD patients showed that the overall rehabilitation training compliance index was 53.04% and the proportion of poor compliance was 41.25%. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistical differences in age, Barthel index<40 points, Family Assessment Device (FAD) score, Stroke Knowledge Questionnaire (SKQ) score, Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) score, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) score and Short Form Health Belief Model Scale (SF-HBMS) score between the good compliance group and the poor compliance group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, Barthel index<40 points and FAD score were independent risk factors for poor rehabilitation training compliance in PSD patients (P<0.05), and SKQ score, SSEQ score, BIPQ score and SF-HBMS score were protective factors (P<0.05). Conclusion PSD patients generally have unsatisfactory rehabilitation exercise compliance. Age, daily living ability and family function are risk factors for poor compliance.