Laboratory animal industry forms an independent, comprehensive system responsible for the production, use and management of laboratory animals.Great advances have been made in this field in China over the more than thirty years of development.However, due to the great development and changes during this long time, there are also some issues which need to be amended and changed.To compare the concepts of experimental animals in China and developed countries such as USA.The key concepts on the laboratory animals are not well or clearly defined in the regulatory documents in China, which hinder the healthy development and effective regulation in this field, as well as the care and use of laboratory animals in research and education.In this article, we discuss the necessity of timely amendment and standardization of the key concepts and definitions related to laboratory animals, and the importance and impact of the key concepts on the development of animal industry in China.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction conditions of total flavones from Pueraria Lobata by ultrasonic method.METHODS:The uniform design method was applied to investigate the effects of alcohol content,the quantity of solvent,extraction time,extraction temperature and the extraction times on the result of extraction.The content of total flavone of Pueraria Lobata was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry.The extraction conditions were optimized with the extraction yield and the mass fraction of total flavone of Pueraria lobata in the extract as indexes.RESULTS:The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:extracting with 75% alcohol(20 mL?g-1) for 40 min(extraction time) at 68 ℃(extraction temperature) for a total of 5 times.CONCLUSION:The extraction process is reasonable and feasible and it provides theoretic basis for the industrialized production.

Objective To explore the cell metabolism of the bilateral hippocampus effected by the inflammatory factor of blood serum in the development of the depression.Methods Using Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1 H-MRS technology to detect multiple metabolic indices of the bilateral hippocampus of 20 first episode depression patients and 20 healthy persons,and detecting the levels of IL-6,IL-2,IL-10 in blood serum were detected.Finally the correlation between them was analyzed.Results Compared with the healthy group,the values of Glx/Cr and NAA/ Cr were reduced in left hippocampus (Glx/Cr: (0.82±0.48),t=2.69,P＜0.05 ; NAA/Cr: (1.12 ±0.44),t =2.81,P＜ 0.05) and the value of Cho/ Cr was increased in left hippocampus ((2.49± 0.78),t =2.36,P＜0.05),but only the value of Glx/ Cr were reduced in right hippocampus ((0.84 ± 0.47),t =2.43,P＜ 0.05),and the other metabolic indices changed unobvious.The depressive group had the significantly higher levels of IL-6,IL-2 in blood serum(IL-6: (12.47±3.19) ng/L,t=4.53,P＜0.05 ; IL-2: (29.44±5.72) ng/L,t=2.44,P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found in the IL-10 level in blood serum.The Glx/ Cr of bilateral hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in blood serum(left:(IL-6: r=-0.555,P＜0.05;IL-2: r=-0.624,P＜0.05) ;right:(IL-6: r=-0.575,P＜0.05; IL-2: r=-0.523,P＜0.05)).The NAA/ Cr of left hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in blood serum(IL-6: r=-0.582,P＜0.05;IL-2: r=-0.607,P＜0.05).The Cho/Cr of left hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in blood serum(IL-6: r=0.601,P＜0.05; IL-2: r=0.552,P＜0.05).Conclusion The abnormal of glutamic acid system in bilateral hippocampus maybe the important performance and the potential originating link,the changes of the inflammatory cytokines level maybe the factor of these abnormal changes.

Objective Combined with susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to study the hippocampus in the first-episode depression patients for exploring the causal relationship.Methods 20 first-episode depression patients and 20 healthy volunteers underwent SWI scanning and hippocampal 1H-MRS image,analysis and comparison the changes between the venous system and metabolism of two groups.Results Proton spectroscopy analysis showed that compared with the control group,bilateral hippocampal NAA/Cr(left hippocampus:depression group 0.95±0.77,control group 1.78±0.82; right hippocampus:depression group 1.12±0.74,control group 1.91 ± 0.80) and Cho/Cr (left hippocampus:depression group 1.08±0.83,control group 1.75±0.73 ; right hippocampus:depression group 0.91±0.68,control group 1.95 ±0.74) in the depression group was significantly lower,the difference was significant(NAA/Cr:t value in left and right were -3.14,-3.49,P＜0.05; Cho/Cr:t value in left and right were-3.25,-3.19,P＜0.05),however MI/Cr had no obvious changes (t value in left and right were 1.24,-1.27,P＞0.05).Magnetic sensitive scan showed depression group compared with the control group was significantly reduced in lateral vein diameter,length and branches (t value were 3.23,4.56,2.66,P＜0.05).Conclusion The SWI sequence and 1H-MRS imaging methods can become a new research idea about the central nucleus,and this idea may explain the causal relationship between the hippocampus in depression patients of vascular abnormalities and hippocampal neuronal metabolic abnormalities.

Objective To explore the sensibility of the encephalic region affected by the inflammatory factor of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and the role of the inflammatory factor in the development of the depression.Methods Based on the evaluation of ethology,forty SD rats were randomly and equally divided into control group and model group which was exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 4 weeks.Using analyzing technology 1 H-MRS to detect prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of each group and detecting the levels of interlukin 6(IL-6),interlukin 2 (IL-2),interlukin 10 (IL-10) in CSF at the beginning and 4 weeks later,and the correlation was analyzed between them.Results Compared with the control group,the values of Glx/ Cr and NAA/ Cr in bilateral prefrontal cortex were reduced which did not reach statistically significance (P ＞ 0.05),and the value of Cho/ Cr had no significant difference.The values of Glx/Cr and NAA/Cr in left hippocampus reduced significantly(Glx/Cr:(1.16 ±0.07),t =2.50,P＜0.05 ;NAA/Cr:(1.30 ±0.09),t=5.94,P＜0.01),and the value of Cho/Cr was increased which did not reach statistically significance(P＞ 0.05).The values of Glx/Cr and NAA/Cr were reduced and the value of Cho/Cr was increased in right hippocampus which did not reach statistical significance(P＞0.05).The depressive group had the significantly higher levels of IL-6,IL-2 in CSF(IL-6:(32.41 ± 3.52),t =11.46,P ＜ 0.01 ; IL-2:(18.89 ± 2.56),t =7.42,P ＜ 0.01),but no significant difference was found in the IL-10 level in CSF.The Glx/Cr of left hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in CSF (IL-6:r =-0.555,P＜ 0.05 ; IL-2:r=-0.582,P＜ 0.05) ; the NAA/Cr of left hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in CSF(IL-6:r=-0.582,P＜0.05;IL-2:r=-0.607,P＜0.05).Conclusion The development of inchoate depression has a correlation with the high sensibility of the left hippocampus affected by the inflammatory factor levels.The metabolism of never cells has changed,which maybe constitutes the physiopathology basis of the depression.

Objeetive To explore the differentiation of B lymphocytes and expression of B7-related protein-1 (B7RP-1)on B lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods Three-color immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric assay were used to analyze the frequency of three types of B lymphocytes,I.e.,plasma cells,memory B lyphocytes and naive B lymphocytes,as well as the expression of B7RP-1 on these cells in peripheral blood from 23 patients with SLE and 16 normal human controls.Clinical data of these patients with SLE were collected.and SLE disease activi index(SLEDAI)was also evaluated.The relationship was assessed between the expression of B7RP-1 and SLEDAI.Results The frequency of plasma cells was highest in patients with active SLE.followed by patients with inactive SLE and normal human controls(P＜0.01).A significant decrease was observed in the frequency of memory B lymphocytes in patients with active SLE compared with normal controls (P＜0.01),but no significant difference was found between patients with inactive SLE and those with active SLE(P＞0.05).Regarding the frequency of naive B lymphocytes,there was no significant difierence among the three groups.Increased frequency of plasma cells was also noted in patients with lupus nephritis(LN)compared with those without LN [(6.15±3.12)%vs(3.31±1.41)%,P＜0.05 ],but no significant difierence was found with regard to the frequency of memory or naive B lymphocytes between these two groups.The expression rate Of B7RP-1 was significantly lower on total lymphocytes from patients with SLE than from normal human controls (46.51%vs 63.75%,P＜0.05),which was the case with B7RP-1 on plasma cells,memory B lyphocytes and naive B lymphocytes (all P＜0.01),whereas no significant difierence was found between patients with inactive SLE and active SLE or between patients with and without LN.In addition.no correlation was found between the expression of B7RP-1 and SLEDAI(r=0.035,P＞0.05).Conclusions In peripheral blood of patients with SLE,the frequency of plasma cells is increased,while the expression of B7RP-1 on lymphocytes is decreased,which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of SLE.

Objective To investigate the variation of middle cerebral arteries of rats in depression model by using 3D-TOF sequence on 3.0T MR.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into control group and depressive group with 20 in each.Compared with control group,depressive group were handled according to the demand of rat depression model.Rats were scanned by 3.0T MR on 0th,4th,6th,8th week respectively.Using Mimics software,the variation of middle cerebral arteries were described and analysed.Results Compared with the control group,the middle cerebral arteries of depressive group rats changed along with the increase of time.On the 4th week,the diameter of the middle cerebral arteries of rats decreased significantly (the diameter of left middle cerebral arteries:control group (0.31 ±0.05) mm,depressive group (0.28±0.04) mm,t=2.76,P＜0.05 ; the diameter of right middle cerebral arteries:control group (0.30 ± 0.05) mm,depressive group (0.27± 0.03) mm,t =2.61,P＜ 0.05).On the 6th week,the length of the middle cerebral arteries of rats decreased significantly (the length of left middle cerebral arteries:control group (5.6± 0.77) mm,depressive group (4.9 ± 0.73) mm,t =2.84,P＜ 0.05 ; the length of right middle cerebral arteries:control group(5.5±0.76) mm,depressive group(4.8±0.72) mm,t=3.11,P ＜0.05).On the 8th week,the diameter and length of the middle cerebral arteries of rats decreased more significantly (the diameter of left middle cerebral arteries:control group (0.31 ±0.05) mm,depressive group (0.22±0.02) mm,t =5.50,P＜ 0.01 ; the diameter of right middle cerebral arteries:control group (0.30 ± 0.04) mm,depressive group (0.21 ±0.02) mm,t=5.57,P＜0.01 ; the length of left middle cerebral arteries:control group (5.6±0.78) mm,depressive group (4.3±0.70)mm,t=5.49,P＜0.01 ;the length of right middle cerebral arteries:control group (5.5 ± 0.79) mm,depressive group (4.2±0.71)mm,t=5.45,P＜0.01).Conclusion The variation of middle cerebral arteries of depressive rats reveals the relationship between brain vessels and depression in a certain extent.

Objective To investigate the CT imaging features and its diagnostic value in patients with epibulbar dermoid and dermolipoma. Methods Twelve cases with epibulbar dermoids and dermolipomas were retrospectively analyzed. There were 5 dermoids and 7 dermolipomas, and a distinct female predominance (11/12). The lesions located at the external canthus, and were almost always uniocular and single (right=9, left=3). Transverse plain CT scan was performed in all patients, contrast enhanced CT scan in 5 cases. The clinical aspects, pathological features, and CT findings were then described. Results Crescent-shaped hypodensity lesion attached to the epibulbar was detected in all cases on CT scan. The diameter ranged from 8 mm?5 mm to 25 mm?15 mm. The lesion had a thin wall (1- 3 mm) under the conjunctiva lateral, and could have middle enhancement. Conclusion CT can show the lesion′s range and characteristics, as well as the relationship with the adjacent structures. CT has great directive value for operating on these tumors, and reducing the complications.

Objective To evaluate the gene mutation of RANTES and CCR5 in SLE and its significance. Methods One hundred and forty-six definitive SLE patients and 159 controls were collected. SNPs of RANTES promoter and polymorphism of CCR5 were performed by PCR or PCR/RFLP assay, and further confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. Results The frequence of RANTES-403G/G compounded with 28C/C and CCR5/CCR5 was significantly different between SLE and control groups (72.6% vs 58.5%, P 0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that the two SNPs are linkage disequilibrium. Interaction of two SNPs in RANTES and CCR5 is related with SLE. RANTES-403G/G compounded with 28C/C and CCR5/CCR5 may be one of risk factors of SLE. RANTES-403A is probably related with renal damage of SLE.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of edaravone combined with early rehabilitation in the treat-ment of cerebral hemorrhage,and to provide clinical evidence for rehabilitation management and drug treatment of cerebral hemor-rhage patients. METHODS:168 patients with cerebral hemorrhage,collected from neurology department of our hospital during Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2014,were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 84 cases in each group. Both groups re-ceived routine treatment;observation group was additionally given edaravone intravenously on the basis of routine treatment,and be-gan to receive standardized rehabilitation treatment within 48 hours after the onset of symptom;control group began to receive stan-dardized rehabilitation treatment 2 weeks after the onset of symptom. NIHSS and MMSE score of 2 groups were conducted before re-habilitation treatment,and after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference in lesion site and clinical manifestations between 2 groups on admission(P>0.05);both NIHSS and MMSE score of observation group were better than those of control group after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment,there was statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Edaravone associated with early rehabilitation can obviously improve the prognosis of patients with cerebral hemorrhage.