Objective:To investigate the influence of curcumin on the level of nitric oxide in kidney and the renal protective effect in diabetic rats.Methods:Diabetic models were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozoticin(STZ)into male Wistar rats at a dose of 60mg/kg body weight and was randomly divided into two groups:untreated diabetes group(group DM,n=10) and diabetes group treated with curcumin 200mg?kg -1 ?d -1 (group Cur,n=10).A normal contral group(group N,n=10)was also designed,After treated for eight weeks,the level of NO in kidney,renal structure and function were evaluated.Results:The levels of urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER),albumin-creatinine ratio(Alb/Cr),kidney weight(KW),profile of kidney hypertrophy(KW/BW),mean glomerular area (MGA) and mean glomerular volume(MGV)were all significantly increased in dialetic rats as compared with normal rats (all P

Objective To understand the work tasks of rural doctors in our country and to provide bases for the reforms of clini‐cal medical education of junior colleges .Methods A self‐made questionnaire was performed in 1 245 rural doctors from 86 rural grassroots health institutions in 7 provinces/municipalies of our country .Results The academic levels of rural doctors were low (65 .54% )and the rates of their medical certification holding were low in western district(7 .79% ) .The work load including basic medical care and basic public health services they committed were approximately matching .The top 5 items of basic medical care were ,in proper sequence ,diagnoses and treatments of common diseases ,common symptoms ,chronic disease management ,communi‐ty rehabilitation ,community first aid .The top 5 items of basic public health services were establishment of residents′health files , maternal and child health ,health care of the aged ,immunization ,health education .Conclusion The technological levels of diagnosis and treatment and theoretical knowledge of rural doctors should be further improved .The clinical medical education of junior medi‐cal colleges must strengthen the training and cultivation of the students′abilities of basic public health services ,besides consolida‐ting the training of the abilities of practical diagnosis and treatment .

Objective To learn the professional ability of rural doctors in our country ,to provide scientific reference for educa-tional reform of junior-college clinical medicine .Methods A self-made questionnaire was performed in 1 245 rural doctors from 86 rural grassroots health institutions in 7 provinces(municipalities) of our country .Results The rural doctors were familiar with working environment ,coordinated and communicated well with colleagues ,basic competence at work .But their clinical diagnosis-treatment technology and operational capability of medical equipments were not strong .The doctor-patient relationship was not so good .Conclusion Not the proper use of medical equipment and treatment technology of weak seriously affected the quality of serv-ice .Not ideal doctor-patient relationship influenced the service effect .It was suggested that college of clinical medical professional education should enhance the cultivation of students′clinical diagnosis technology ,basic operational skills and communication skills between doctors and patients .

Objective To assess the level of soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),rheumatoid arthritis (RA),multiple sclerosis (MS)and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).Method The level of sFas and sFasL was determined by a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Anti ssDNA (single stranded DNA) was detected by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results The level of sFas in patients with SLE,RA,IDDM and MS was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals.It was interesting that among these autoimmune diseases,the level of sFas in the sera of patients with SLE was dramatically higher than that of the other diseases.The high level of sFasL accompanied by sFas was found in the sera of SLE and RA patients.In the sera of patients with SLE,the anti ssDNA antibody always accompanied by high concentration of sFas and,by contrast,no anti ssDNA antibody was found in all the patients in whose sera no sFas was found.In patients with IDDM,the sFasL level of the serum was significantly lower than that of the serum of healthy donors.Conclusion Serum sFas level of patients with SLE,RA,MS and IDDM is higher than that of healthy individuals.These results indicate that the sFas level can be used as a marker of disease progress and relaxing after treatment with the medicine.It is also demonstrated that there is relationship between the level of anti ssDNA antibody and sFas.The level and significance of serum sFas and sFasL in these autoimmune disease patients are under investigation.

Objective To optimize the registration template of kilovohage cone-beam CT (CBCT) guided radiotherapy in whole breast irradiation(WBI)after lumpectomy of breast cancer.Methods From April 2006 to July 2009,twelve patients undergoing WBI with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)were recruited in this study.All patients were performed with both conventional planning CT and CBCT integrated on Varian 23 EX.Six distinguishable referenee points(the diameter 1 mm)around the lumpectomy cavity and the surrounding gland on the planning CT image were marked.The images were manually registered offline based on the breast surface,surgical clips,breast gland,contiguous rib,ipsilaterai lung and its external contours,respectively.The same six reference points were then marked on the CBCT image.The performance of the five registration templates was compared using the concept of registration error,while the registration time was taken into account.The registration error was calculated based on the six reference points'translations between the planning CT image and CBCT image,and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software using one-way ANOVA.Results The values of the registration error for the breast surface,surgical clips,breast gland, contiguous rib,ipsilateral lung and its external contours were(0.60±0.20),(0.43±0.15),(0.49±0.19),(0.69±0.36)and(0.94±0.49)cm,respectively,and the registration time were(3.8±1.1),(3.0±0.9),(4.7±1.7),(4.3±1.3)and(4.5±1.3)min,respectively.There was no statistical difforence between the breast surface,surgical clips and breast gland registration template(t=0.48-1.36,P>0.05),the same result trend to contiguous rib compared with ipsilateral lung(t=2.00,P=0.055),however,there was significant difference between surgical clips and the last two registration methods(t=2.08-4.08,P<0.05).Conclusion In this initial study with a modest number of patients,surgical clips show a best registration template from the standpoint of accuracy and efficiency,whereas contiguous rib and ipsilateral lung are not an ideal method.

Objective To study the effect of recombinant human endostatin (rhES)on the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cells KYSE-150 and its preliminary mechanism.Methods Cells were divided into four groups:control group without treatment,rhES group treated with recombinant human endostatin,radiation alone group exposed with X-rays,and combination group exposed with X-rays plus endostatin.Colony formation assay was used to measure cell survival fraction.A single-hit multi-target model was used to fit cell survival curve and calculate the sensitive enhancement ratio (SER).Influence of rhES combined with X-ray radiation on cell cycle and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.Expressions of Cyclin B1,Cyclin D1,Bcl-2 and Bax mRNAs were determined by RT-PCR.Protein expressions of HIF-1α,VEGF,and VEGFR were determined by Western blot.Results D0,Dq and SF2 value of KYSE-150 cells decreased along with the concentration of rhES.At D0dose,the SER for 100 and 200 μg/ml rhES was 1.14 and 1.27,respectively.Compared with the radiation alone group,the apoptosis rate and bax expression increased,while the expressions of VEGF and HIF-1α decreased in the combination group (t =7.97,3.02,117.55,7.22,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions rhES has radiosensitive effect on esophageal carcinoma cells KYSE-150 in vitro by inhibiting the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF,regulating bax expression,and inducing apoptosis.

Objective To establish the type Ⅱ collagen specific T cell line of Wistar rat and observe its effect on transferring arthritis.Methods The Wistar rats were immunized with emulsified chicken type Ⅱ collagen (CCⅡ) in complete Freund′s adjuvant by intradermal injection to induce the rat model of collagen induced arthritis (CIA).The lymphocytes were obtained from mesenteric lymph nodes of CIA rats,and the type Ⅱ collagen reactive T cell line was selected and propagated by CCⅡ stimulating in vitro .The proliferation response and phenotype were analyzed by 3 H TdR incorporation and fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS).The onset of arthritis and pathological characteristic in ankle joints of recipient rats were observed with naked eye and histochemical examination.Anti CCⅡ antibody in serum was assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results A T cell line was successfully established.The results of FACS labeled with fluorescent antibodies showed that 98 2% of the line cells were T cells,of which 89 7% were CD4 + T cells.The results of adoptive transfer showed that the incidence of arthritis was 50% when the injected cell number was 5?10 7,meanwhile the level of anti CCⅡ antibody in serum was elevated more than that of the control.Conclusion A cell line has been successfully established.The result of arthritis transferring by T cell line shows that the T cell plays a great role in the pathogenesis of CIA and provides a research datum for rheumatoid arthritis therapy with T cell vaccine.

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical value of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level before,during and after radiotherapy in patients with esophageal carcinoma.Methods The sera of 67 esophageal carcinoma patients and 30 healthy control cases were collected.The VEGF level in serum samples were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.The relations among VEGF level changes,clinical stages and radiotherapy effect were analyzed.Results The VEGF levels of patients with esophagus cancer before,during and after radiotherapy were significantly higher than those in control group ( F =11.65,P ＜ 0.01 ).The VEGF level after radiotherapy was significant lower than that before radiotherapy ( F =10.72,P ＜ 0.01 ).The average VEGF level of patients with T3 and T4 was significantly higher than that of control group ( F =14.10,P ＜ 0.01 ).The average VEGF level of patients with N1 and N2 was significantly higher than that of control group( F =8.64,P ＜0.01).In 62 patients,the serum VEGF level increased in 21 cases but decreased in 41 cases after radiotherapy.With difference in radiotherapy efficiency of 61.90％ and 90.24％,respectively(x2 =6.08,P＜ 0.05).The average VEGF level during and after radiotherapy for 50 cases of CR + PR were significantly lower than that before radiotherapy( F =7.98,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Monitoring the serum VEGF level of patients with esophagus cancer can help evaluate the radiosensitivity,which has a significance in predicting the prognosis of radiotherapy.

Objective To observed the impact of selenium supplementation therapy on the thyroid perioxidase antibody(TPO-Ab) levels and serum oxidative stress[malondialdehyde(MDA, glutathione peroxidase(GPx), and superoxide dismutase(SOD)] in patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis. Methods 79 patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis were randomly divided into trial group(n=44) and placebo group(n=35) .The double-blind treatment was for 24 weeks. The thyroid hormone levels, serum TPO-Ab levels, and oxidative stress indexes(MDA, GPx, and SOD) of both groups were detected before and after treatment. Results (1)There was no change of thyroid hormone levels either before or after treatments of both groups(P>0.05). (2)TPO-Ab of the trial group decreased significantly after the treatment(P<0.05). While the placebo group has little change. Group with TPO-Ab≤200 IU/ml and the course≤1 year manifested the most obvious declines by 29.98% and 26.63% respectively. (3)The oxidative stress level of trial group significantly decreased after 24 weeks. There was significantly positive correlation between the oxidative stress indexes and TPO-Ab. However the placebo group was with little change. Conclusion Selenium supplementation may reduce the level of TPO-Ab titers and oxidative stress in patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis, especially for those with lower antibody titers and short course.

Objective To develop a kind of rapid decompression equipment replacing the toughened glass simulating the state of aircraft cabin glass bursting on the fly.Methods The metallic membrane was used to isolate both chambers with different air pressures.The areas of decompression membrane and path were determined by calculating on the basis of aircraft decompression altitude,cabin pressure differential and decompression time.The structural strength was determined according to enduring force of the metallic membrane.The membrane was ejected by high pressure air using the ejection launch technology of aircraft missile.The result of simulating aircraft cabin glass bursting on the fly was achieved.Results The rapid decompression equipment ejected by air pressure in low-pressure chamber could achieve the state of simulating aircraft cabin glass bursting on the fly,and the best decompression time was 0.16 s.Conclusion The rapid decompression equipment ejected by air pressure accomplishes the decompression preparative in short time with easy operation,and can satisfy the desired requirements for the performance and precision.