Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the accumulation and proliferation of inflammatory cells in the synovial (joint) lining.By investigating RA pathologic processes and also through experimental models where immune complexes (inflammatory sediments) play a fundamental role.Many other autoantibodies have then come to our knowledge to be associated with the disease.Though it remains unknown the autoimmune pathology of B cells and why the clones of autoreactive B cells survive and proliferate in RA patients,but no doubt these autoantibodies represent a very useful tool in both diagnostic and prognostic terms.In joint synovial fulid,B cells also secrete cytokines,which can be interacted with other cells.B cells express IL-13 receptor a1 (IL-13Ra1),IL-13 can induce CD23 expression on B cells and promote proliferation of naive B cells. In addition,IL-13 is a cytokine which is produced mainly by activated T helper cell 2 (Th2 cells),it can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory factor and chemokines,and has a certain relationship with the differentiation of B cells. Therefore,it is necessary to summarize the mechanims of RA pathogenesis related with B cells and IL-13,which has great significance in the diagnosis,treatment and basic immunology research of autoimmune diseases such as RA.

Objective To investigate the clinical viability of pre-eclampsia by measuring the level of ?-HCG in blood,blood calcium,hematocrit(HCT)and the mean arterial blood pressure(mABP).The preventive value of calcium supplement was also evaluated. Methods 356 volunteers'(16th～20th gestational weeks)were measured ?-HCG in blood,blood calcium,HCT,meanwhile mABP from the same patients.If blood ?-HCG≥50 632 IU/L,blood calcium≤2.18 mmol/L,HCT≥0.35 and mABP≥85 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),a positive conclusion was made.Women with positive results were randomly divided into test group and control group. Results 71 cases turned out to be positive in this serial test.The positive predictive value was 81.82%,negative predictive value was(97.30%),the sensitivity and specificity were 84.38% and 96.77% respectively.In the study group,the incidence of pre-eclampsia was significantly decreased as compared with the control group(P

Objective To explore the treatment procedure of pediatric vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma ( RMS) using 60 Co high?dose?rate three?dimensional ( 3D ) brachytherapy, and to analyze its dosimetric feasibility. Methods Computed tomography ( CT ) images were collected from five children undergoing radiotherapy for vaginal RMS. Three treatment plans were designed:plan A using 3D conformal radiotherapy with external beam irradiation, plan B using brachytherapy, and plan C using brachytherapy combined with external beam irradiation. Dosimetric parameters for clinical target volume ( CTV ) and organs at risk ( OARs ) were evaluated based on EQD 2 and analyzed using one ? way analysis of variance . Results Compared with plan A, plan C had significantly larger D90, D50, and Dmean for CTV ( all P=0?00), significantly lower doses to the rectum, bladder, and femoral head, and a significantly higher dose to the ovary ( all P=0?00) . Compared with plan B, plan C had a larger D90 for CTV, smaller D50 and Dmean for CTV, a lower dose to the ovary, and higher doses to the rectum, bladder, and femoral head. Among the three plans, plan B had the smallest D2 cm3 for the rectum and bladder. Conclusions The optimal radiotherapy plan for pediatric vaginal RMS should be based on the primary tumor location and residual tumor after surgery. CT image?guided 60 Co high?dose?rate 3D brachytherapy is convenient, effective, and well tolerated by children. It also achieves a high dose to CTV as well as good protection of normal tissue.

AIM: To study the relation of acute radiation-induced oral mucositis to fungal infection and evaluate the effect of fluconazole in the treatment of patients with fungal infection.　METHODS: Seventy-one patients (M 42, F 29; 52 a± s 41 a,11-76 a) with large area of oral mucosas irradiated were into this study. When most serious mucositis, the patients' oral mucosas were checked, 32 patients with fungal infection were treated with fluconazole (fluconazole 100 mg, po, qd×5 d or 150 mg,iv,gtt×3 d).　RESULTS: The rate of fungal infection was 45%, the most of patients were infected by candida albicans. Degrees of mucositis between the patients with fungal infection to the patients without fungal infection were significantly different (P<0.05). The patients with fungal infection were treated with fluconazole. Degree of mucositis between the pretreated patients and post-treated patients were significantly different (P<0.05).　CONCLUSION: The serious acute radiation-induced oral mucositis has significantly related with fungal infection. The patients with fungus infection treated with antifungal agents (fluconazole) can significantly relieve the reaction of acute radiation-induced oral mucositis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between functional lung dose-volume histogram (f-DVH) parameters and radiation-induced lung toxicity (RILT) in patients of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with late-course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and to identify the excellent predictors of f-DVH and their reference thresholds.Methods A total of 51 patients of NSCLC at stage Ⅲ underwent PET/CT/SPECT coregistered image guided radiotherapy.Philips Pinnacle3 planning system was used for delineation of the target volume and organs at risk so as to establish the three dimensional conformal radiotherapy or intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment plans.The version 3.0 of the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events was used to evaluate the grade of RILT,and analyze the correlation of the DVH parameters of the total lung (TL),ipsilateral lung (IL),and functional lung (FL) and RILT,and to identify the excellent predictors.The median follow-up was 15 months.Results During the follow-up,10 cases of RILT (19.6%) ≥grade 2 were observed.Single factor analysis showed that the V5-V40 of TL,V5-V/20 of IL,and V5-V50 of FL were all related to the occurrence of RILT,and multiple factor analysis showed that TL-V15 and FL-V20remained associated with RILT (P = 0.005 and P = 0.016).According to ROC analysis,the V10 (45.38%) of FL was the most sensitive predictor with a sensitivity rate of 90.0% and 1/25 (27.78%) of FL was the most specific predictor with a specificity rate of 90.24%.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of V20 of FL were 70.00%,73.17%,and 74.90%,respectively.Conclusions The occurrence of RILT is closely associated with multiple f-DVH parameters of FL,and f-DVH has good sensitivity and specificity for prediction.

AIM:To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+induced by angiotensin II ( Ang II) in the primarily cultured medullary neurons .METHODS:Primarily cultured me-dullary neurons were prepared from 14-day-old embryos of Sprague-Dawley rats in the study .The identification of medullary neurons was assessed by double-labeling immunofluorescence .To explore the role of ROS , mainly the superoxide ( O2 ·-) , the O2 ·-generation was measured using the fluorogenic probe dihydroethidium ( DHE) .To determine intracellular free cal-cium concentration ( [ Ca2+] i ) , the neurons were loaded with the Ca 2+-specific dye Fura-2/AM.The cell viability after adding Ang II was also examined using CCK-8 assay.RESULTS:Most of the cultured cells were medullary neurons , more than 80%of which were glutamate positive neurons .Ang II (5 μmol/L) increased the level of ROS within 10 min in the medullary neurons .Ang II at 5μmol/L induced a significant [ Ca2+] i increase in the medullary neurons , and the effect of Ang II occurred rapidly and reached a peak within 20 min after administration.The level of [Ca2+]i started to decline after washout .The Ca2+elevation induced by Ang II was significantly decreased by apocynin or TEMPOL .No significant differ-ence in the cell viability between control group and 5μmol/L Ang II treatment group was observed .CONCLUSION:ROS is involved in the regulation of [Ca2+]i induced by Ang II in the primarily cultured medullary neurons , suggesting a poten-tial intracellular signaling mechanism involved in the Ang II-mediated oxidant regulation of central neural control of blood pressure.

control relatives.A ratio of s/q approached1/q with Penrose' s method.Heritability of SLE was78.8%?4.45%in the first-degree relatives,58.8%?10.9%in the second-degree relatives,and39.2%?32.0%in the third-degree relatives.The weighted mean heritability was75.2%?4.12%.Conclusions SLE has characteristics of polygenic disease.Genetic factor might play an important role in the liability of SLE.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of the molecular transmission network of newly-diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, and to provide evidence for epidemic trend and prevention.Methods:The plasma samples from 423 antiretroviral-naive HIV-1/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients from August 2018 to December 2019 were collected, and the pol gene fragments of HIV-1 from 375 samples were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the molecular transmission network for subtypes and different gene distances by MEGA 6.0 software, HyPhy software and Cytoscape 3.7.2. Mutations on drug resistance was analyzed by online software tool of the HIV drug resistance database of Stanford University. Results:Eight subtypes were found in the 375 samples. Circulating recombinant form (CRF)07_BC(215/375, 57.33%) and CRF01_AE(103/375, 27.47%) were the major subtypes, followed by CRF85_BC, CRF55_01B, B, C, and CRF01_AE/B subtypes. One hundred and ninety-four individuals (51.73%) were connected to the transmission network at 1.50% genetic distance with 24 clusters. One hundred and twenty-nine individuals (34.40%) were connected to the transmission network at 0.75% genetic distance with 30 clusters, and 35 elderly patients were clustered in CL1.Forty-two cases had surveillance drug resistance mutation (SDRM), the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance was 11.20%(42/375). Thirty-eight cases had the drug mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, including K103 N(32/375, 8.53%), K103 S(4/375, 1.07%), Y188 L(1/375, 0.27%) and G190 A(1/375, 0.27%); four cases had the mutations to protease inhibitor, including M46 I(3/375, 0.80%) and V82 A(1/375, 0.27%). The cluster C2 sequences carried a high proportion of resistant mutations (94.29%, 33/35). Conclusions:HIV-1 subtypes in Shaoxing City are diverse and the CRF07_BC subtype spreads rapidly. The elderly patients with drug resistance genes in cluster CL1 at 0.75% gene distance need to be intervened immediately to prevent the drug resistance virus spread.

Objective To discuss the effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 subtype (mGluR5) on proliferation of U251 cells and the underlying mechanism by observing the effect of antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) on proliferation of U251 cells.Methods Human glioma cell line U251 was conventionally cultured in vitro; MTT assay was employed to detect the effects of 100 μmol/L MPEP,20 μmol/L SP600125 (antagonist to JNK) and 400 multiplicity of infection (MOI) adenoviruses-△169 (negatively dominant virus ofc-Jun) for 48 h on U251 cells.Western blotting was used to observe the expressions of phosphorylated c-Jun and phosphorylated JNK in U251 cells after being treated with different concentrations of MPEP (5,10,20,50 and 100 μmol/L) for 24 h andwith 100 μmol/LMPEP for4,8,12and24h.Results MTT assay showed that U251 cellsbeing treated with 100 μmol/L MPEP,20 μmoUL SP600125 and 400MOI Ad-△169 for 48 h had significantly lower absorbance value than their control groups (P＜0.05).Western blotting indicated that the expressions of phosphorylated c-Jun and phosphorylated JNK in U251 cells being treated with 5,10,20,50 and 100 μmol/L MPEP for 24 h were significantly lower than those in normal controls (P＜0.05); the higher the MPEP concentration,the lower the expression ofphosphorylated c-Jun.The expressions of phosphorylated c-Jun and phosphorylated JNK in U251 cells being treated with 100 μmol/L MPEP for 4,8,12 and 24 h were significantly lower than those in normal controls (P＜0.05); the longer the MPEP given time,the lower the expression ofphosphorylated c-Jun.Conclusions MPEP,the antagonist mGluR5,could significantly promote cell proliferation of U251,which might be relevant to the expressions of phosphorylated c-Jun and phosphorylated JNK in JNK pathway,and the trend is concentration-dependent and time-dependent.

Objective To investigate the effect of local hyperthermia on the morphology and quantity of Langerhans cells (LCs)at challenged skin sites of a mouse model of contact hypersensitivity.Methods Sixty mice were equally divided into 3 groups to be treated with local hyperthermia (37℃,39℃,41℃and 43℃)for 20 minutes at sensitization sites on the back of mice 3 days before (pre-heat group),concurrently with (concurrent-heat group)or 2 days after(post-heat group)sensitization respectively.Five mice which remained unsensitized and untreated served as the controls.Five days after the sensitization,the mice were challenged on the dorsal surface of right ears.Two days after the elicitation,the right ears were resected and immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the morphology and determine the quantity of LCs at challenged sites.Results With the rise in temperature,the number of LCs in the epidermis of ear skin decreased in pre-heat group(321.83±41.81,251.12±16.29,191.41±28.7,128.33±77.61 per square millimeter at 37 ℃,39 ℃,41℃and 43℃,respectively,P<0.05),but increased gradually in the concurrent-heat group(309.08±84.69,355.33±11.38,405.5±55.25,438.16±99.56 per square millimeter at 37℃,39℃,41℃ and 43℃,respectively,P>0.05)and in the post-heat group(320.83±113.6,398.33±31.91,437.83±29.78,477.25±86.79 per square millimeter at 37℃,39 ℃,41℃and 43℃,respectively,P<0.01).The dendrites of LCs increased in number and length when the temperature lose from 37 ℃ to 41℃,but slightly declined at 43℃.Conclusions Local hyperthermia at sensitization sites could affect the morphology and density of LCs at challenged sites,and the effect is likely associated with the severity of contact hypersensitivity.