Objective To investigate the change and clinical significance of soluble triggering receptor expression of myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) expression in children with sepsis.Methods There were 80 systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)patients who were included in the study,60 cases in the sepsis group,20 cases in the non-infectious SIRS group and 30 cases in the healthy control group.By using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)to dynamically monitor the levels of serum sTREM-1,suPAR in children with sepsis,the differences of sTREM-1,suPAR levels between children with sepsis and non-sepsis were observed,the correlation with the pediatric critical illness score(PCIS) was analyzed,and the sensitivity and specificity of sTREM-1,suPAR,C-reactive protein (CRP)and procalcitonin (PCT)and other biochemical markers were compared,and the value of sTREM-1,suPAR,CRP,PCT in the early determination and prognosis of sepsis were investigated.Results Serum sTREM-1,suPAR,PCT levels in sepsis group were significantly higher than non-infectious SIRS group and the healthy control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),but the differences of serum CRP levels in non-infectious SIRS group and sepsis group were not statistically significant(P ＞ 0.05).In sepsis subgroup,serum sTREM-1,suPAR,PCT levels between the three groups were of statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Through dynamic monitoring of sepsis group,serum sTREM-1,suPAR,CRP,PCT levels had a gradual downward trend in 1,4,7 day,at each time point difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Serum sTREM-1,suPAR levels in sepsis group had significant negative correlation with PCIS (r =-0.322,-0.333,P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of sTREM-1,suPAR,CRP,PCT on diagnosing sepsis were in a descending order,and sTREM-1 combined with suPAR has the highest sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions sTREM-1 and suPAR all can serve as indicators of infection and inflammation,as their expression level can reflect the severity of sepsis.sTREM-1 combined with suPAR diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of sepsis was significantly better than a single indicator of sTREM-1,suPAR,CRP,PCT.Combining multiple indicators can improve the accuracy of diagnosis.