Objective:To explore the effects of angiotens in Ⅳ on the hippocampus neuronal apoptosis and the cognitive function of diabetic rats.Methods:38 SD male rats were divided into normal group,diabetic model group and angiotensin Ⅳ treatment group randomly.Streptozotocin-diabetic rat model was established and learning and memory behaviors were investigated using a spatial version of the Morris water maze test.The expression of Bcl-xl of all rats was examined with immunohistochemical method.Meanwhile,the hippocampal neuronal apoptosis were measured by TUNEL.Results:Learning and memory grade in the angiotensin Ⅳ treatment group were better than diabetic model group(P

In this report we have provided a preliminary assessment of the application of gastrocnemius in microsurgery after having observed the gastrocnemius and the blood vessels and nerves of 50 adult cadavers (100 cases of lower limbs).1. The gastrocnemius has relatively wide and thick belly both in the medial and in the lateral head , the strength of which is rather strong.Each head of the gastrocnemius has a single vessel and nerve.The outside diameter of the blood vessel is above 2 mm and the vessel pedicle 3-4 cm in length.The removal of either of the heads is of little effect on the functions of lower limbs.2. The medial head of the gastrocnemius has a wider and thicker belly, a bigger diameter and longer pedicle of the blood vessel than the lateral head.Theblood for the skin in the area of the medial head is mainly supplied by the musclocutaneous artery, while that in the area of lateral head by the direct cutaneous artery.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots of Polygala japonica. Methods The compounds were isolated by silica gel, ODS, and macroporous resin column chromatography and their structures were determined by means of spectral analysis. Results Eight compounds were isolated and characterized as ?-D-(3-O-sinapoyl)-fructofuranosyl-?-D-(6-O-sinapoyl)-glucopyranoside (Ⅰ), arillatose A (Ⅱ), sibiricose A_5 (Ⅲ), sibiricose A_6 (Ⅳ), neolancerin (Ⅴ), polygalaxanthone Ⅲ (Ⅵ), sibiricaxanthone A (Ⅶ) and polygalatol (Ⅷ). Conclusion These compounds are extracted from this plant for the first time. Compound Ⅴ is obtained from natural products for the first time.

The auther dissected 168 adult and infant cadavers and the form and innervation of anal sphincter muscle complex (ASMC) were observed. It was found that there were individual variations in development of ASMC. The well-developed puborectalis accounted for 72.4%, the poorly developed 22.4% and no puborectalis 5.2%. Usually, the ratio of the thickness of the internal (IS) and external sphincter (ES) was 1: 1.5. Occasionally, IS was thinner than ES. Their ratio was 1 : 3 or 1: 5. On the other hand, IS might be 2~3 times thicker than ES. N. puborectalis existed in most cases. It mostly originated from the pelvic splanchnic nerve. The most frequent existence of the anal nerve (45.8%) was in those of single thunks originating from the perineal nerve. The clinical significance of ASMC in the ano rectal surgery is also discussed.

Objective To discuss and study the ethics related issues of xenocorneal transplantation.Methods The ethics related issues of xenocorneal transplantation were discussed through analysis of the cornea characteristics and present situation of corneal transplantation.Results The ethical problems faced by corneal transplantation mainly consisted of technical barriers social problems:immune rejection after corneal transplantation; species chosen whether or not to meet the ethical requirements,whether to violate the ethics; animal rights issues; whether can cause characteristics change of xenocorneal transplantation person; whether xenocorneal transplantation will lead to the spread of deadly diseases,and endanger public safety.Conclusions Xenocorneal transplantation can help patients regain their sight,its success requires not only the innovation breakthrough of science and technology,but also the attention of people on ethical issues of xenocorneal transplantation.

Premixed insulin is currently the most popular insulin starter in China.According to the different ratios of basal and prandial components,premixed insulin analogues could be classified into low-and midmixtures.The former is now mainly used as insulin starter in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after the failure of monotherapy or combination with oral antidiabetic drugs,while the later is usually used as simplified intensive insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on insulin once-or twice-daily.

Object To study the chemical constituents from the stem of Photinia parvifolia (Pritz.) Schneid. Methods The compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by means of spectral analysis. Results Seven compounds were identified as lupeol (Ⅰ), ?-sitosterol (Ⅱ), betulinic acid (Ⅲ), pyracrenic acid (Ⅳ), epicatechin (Ⅴ), daucosterin (Ⅵ), pruasin (Ⅶ). Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ, Ⅲ-Ⅵ are isolated from the plants of Photinia Lindl. and compounds Ⅱ and Ⅶ are isolated from P. parvifolia for the first time. Compound Ⅳ shows anticancer effect.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the stems of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels.METHODS The n-butanol fraction of Clausena lansium stems' 95％ ethanol extract and herb residue's 50％ ethanol extract were isolated and purified by silica,RP-MPLC and PHPLC column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Eight compounds were isolated and identified as marmesinin (1),nodakenin (2),decuroside Ⅳ (3),3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4),glucosyringic acid (5),2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6),4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (7),4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (8).CONCLUSION Compounds 4-6 and 8 are isolated from genus Clausena for the first time.

Objective:To investigate whether PUMA gene transfection can increase sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells (PC) to 5-FU-induced apoptosis. Methods: PUMA-pCEP4 containing full length PUMA cDNA or pCEP4 was transfected into human pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC-1 by lipofectamine transfection, G418 selection was used to select positive cells. AsPC-1, AsPC-1/PUMA and AsPC-1/pCEP4 cells were separately treated with serial concentrations of 5-FU(0.01-100 ?mol/L). MTT assay was used to determine the cell survival rate in each group and IC50 of 5-FU was calculated. TUNEL,FCM and DNA ladder observation were employed to study cell apoptosis. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of PUMA protein. Results: The 5-FU IC50 values of AsPC-1, AsPC-1/PUMA and AsPC-1/pCEP4 cells were (12?1.9)?mol/L,(1.6?0.4)?mol/L and (10.4?1.6) ?mol/L, respectively, with the sensitivity of AsPC-1/PUMA cells increased by 7.5 folds. 5-FU induced cell apoptosis of AsPC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with the apoptosis of AsPC-1/PUMA cells more prominent than those of AsPC-1 and AsPC-1/pCEP4 cells. Low concentration of 5-FU (0.1 ?mol/L) induced few apoptosis of AsPC-1/pCEP4 cells([1.14?0.28]%) and AsPC-1 cells ([0.9?0.23]%), and induced apoptosis in AsPC-1/PUMA cells([6.47?1.42]%). High concentration of 5-FU (1.0 ?mol/L) induced apoptosis in all groups, with that in AsPC-1/PUMA cells([34.54?9.36]%) significantly higher than those in AsPC-1/pCEP4 cells([15.8?5.15]%) and AsPC-1 cells ([12.8?3.74]%, both P