Objective To obtain the short peptides mimicking antigenic epitopes of Trichinella spiralis ( T\^s\^ ), and explore their cross protective immunity against Schistosoma japonicum ( S\^j. ) in mice. Methods IgG antibodies were purified from sera of mice infected with T\^s\^ . The purified IgG was used to immunoscreen a phage random peptide library of 7 amino\|acid residues displayed as a fusion to protein of filamentous phage. Positive clones were obtained by affinity selection, the reactivity of each clone binding to specific IgG was detected by ELISA. Kunming mice were immunized subcutaneously three times with mixed phage clones. The mice were sacrificed 45 days after challenge. The worms and the liver eggs were counted. Results After three rounds of panning, the relevant phages had been enriched approximately 150 times in production as compared to those from the first round. Of 24 phage clones randomly selected from the third round biopanning, 21 clones were shown to actually bind to the specific IgG. As compared with the control group, the worm and the liver egg reduction rates in vaccination group were 42\^8% and 66\^3% ( P

The overseas and domestic application status and research progress of genotoxicity evaluation of medical devices is briefly introduced. The trend of future development is analyzed.
Equipment and Supplies ; adverse effects ; Mutagenicity Tests

Objective:The standard treatment for inoperable locally advanced esophageal cancer is concurrent chemoradiotherapy, but the survival was not satisfied. Nituzumab is a humanized IgG monoclonal antibody against EGFR. The purpose of this study is to investigate the toxicity and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with nituzumab for locally advanced esophageal cancer.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of locally advanced esophageal cancer who were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with nituzumab in Peking University Cancer Hospital from June 2015 to June 2020. Kaplan- Meier method was used for analysis. Results:Thirty Patients were enrolled this study.After a median follow-up of 22.5 months, The objective response rate was 93%. The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year overall survival rates were 83%, 57% and 41%, with the progression-free survival rates 75%, 47% and 32%, with the local-recurrence free survival rates 83%, 53% and 37%, with the metastasis-free survival rates 75%, 51% and 36%, respectively.The incidence of grade≥3 hematological toxicity was 32%. There were 16% patients experiencing grade≥3 esophagitis.Conclusion:The preliminary result of concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with nituzumab is effective and safe for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.

Subolesin (4D8), the ortholog of insect akirins, is a highly conserved protective antigen and thus has the potential for development of a broad-spectrum vaccine against ticks and mosquitoes. To date, no protective antigens have been characterized nor tested as candidate vaccines against Dermacentor silvarum bites and transmission of associated pathogens. In this study, we cloned the open reading frame (ORF) of D. silvarum 4D8 cDNA (Ds4D8), which consisted of 498 bp encoding 165 amino acid residues. The results of sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that D. silvarum 4D8 (Ds4D8) is highly conserved showing more than 81% identity of amino acid sequences with those of other hard ticks. Additionally, Ds4D8 containing restriction sites was ligated into the pET-32(a+) expression vector and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli rosetta. The recombinant Ds4D8 (rDs4D8) was induced by isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and purified using Ni affinity chromatography. The SDS-PAGE results showed that the molecular weight of rDs4D8 was 40 kDa, which was consistent with the expected molecular mass considering 22 kDa histidine-tagged thioredoxin (TRX) protein from the expression vector. Western blot results showed that rabbit anti-D. silvarum serum recognized the expressed rDs4D8, suggesting an immune response against rDs4D8. These results provided the basis for developing a candidate vaccine against D. silvarum ticks and transmission of associated pathogens.
Animals ; Antigens/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Arthropod Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cluster Analysis ; Conserved Sequence ; Dermacentor/*genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Phylogeny ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Brain atlas provides a spatial reference system on which other images can be interpreted in a consistent way, and it is essential for the brain imaging research. However, because of the differences in structure between occidental and oriental brains, the brain atlas based on Western populations, e. g., the International Consortium for Brain Mapping's 154 T1 Weighted Average Atlas, may not be appropriate for other ethnic groups. Therefore, in the present study, we produce an average brain atlas which is based on the data collected from 100 healthy Chinese volunteers. The differences in brains between the Chinese population and the Western population were also investigated. Comparatively,Chinese brains are wider and shorter in size, and smaller in volume.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Reference Values

To further demonstrate the toxicity of the catheter, cytotoxicity evaluation was conducted in registration inspection products and the relationship between testing methods and materials were analyzed. This result showed that to strengthen cytotoxicity assay in registration inspection is important to choose catheter in clinic.
Cells, Cultured ; Cytotoxins ; toxicity ; Disposable Equipment ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Urinary Catheters ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate the classification,concomitant injuries,and their correlations of medial meniscus posterior root(MMPR)injuries through a large-sample analysis,to enhance the comprehensive understanding of MMPR and related injuries.Methods A total of 240 patients with MMPR injuries were divided into 5 types.The distance of the torn end separation and the value of meniscus protrusion of MMPR were measured,and the grading of cartilage injury in the medial tibiofemoral compartment was recorded.The relationships between MMPR injuries and meniscus tear location,tear type,meniscus protrusion,and grading of cartilage injury were analyzed.Results The incidence of MMPR injuries was 2.82％,with females being 3.14 times more affected than males.Medial meniscus tears in type 1 and type 4 MMPR injuries were predominantly located in the posterior horn and posterior root,while there were no statistical differences among types 2,3,and 5.Type 1 MMPR injuries were predominantly oblique tears,types 2,3,and 5 were predominantly radial and complex tears,and type 4 was predominantly complex tears.The incidence of meniscus protrusion was sig-nificantly higher in types 3 and 4 MMPR injuries compared to other types.The value of medial meniscus protrusion was greater in type 4 MMPR than in type 3.In type 3 MMPR injuries,a larger torn end separation distance correlated with a greater value of medial meniscus protrusion.The severity of MMPR injuries correlated positively with the grading of cartilage injury in the medial tibiofemo-ral compartment.Conclusion Females are more prone to MMPR injuries than males.The classification of MMPR injuries correlates with the location and type of medial meniscus tears,as well as medial meniscus protrusion.There is a positive correlation between the torn end separation distance and the value of meniscus protrusion in MMPR injuries.The severity of MMPR injuries correlates with the degree of cartilage injury in the medial tibiofemoral compartment.

Objective:To assess the ultrasonographic features and potential diseases of fetal abnormal sylvian fissure(SF), and to explore the value of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in prenatal detection.Methods:A total of 28 fetuses with a sonographic diagnosis of abnormal SF in Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University between October 2018 and October 2020 were prospectively included. The fetal brain was evaluated by neuroultrasound and intrauterine MRI in detail. Amniotic fluid/cord blood obtained by amniocentesis or tissue samples from umbilical cord after birth were collected for WGS. Pregnancy outcomes and postnatal MRI were recorded, and neurodevelopment of live-born infants was followed up for more than 24 months after delivery.Results:During the study period, 28 fetuses with abnormal SF were identified, with a gestational age of 21.3-30.0 (24.8±2.0) weeks. Abnormal SF presented in MCD ( n=15, 53.6%), chromosomal anomalies ( n=3, 10.7%) or single-gene genetic syndromes ( n=3, 10.7%) with the affected fetuses showing developmental delay, hydrocephalus or leukomalacia ( n=4, 14.2%), corpus callosal agenesis with large interhemispheric cysts ( n=1, 3.6%), benign subarachnoid space enlargement with arachnoid cysts ( n=1, 3.6%), and multiple malformations ( n=1, 3.6%). Among the 15 cases with MCD, the most common pathology was lissencephaly/pachygyria, followed by schizencephaly, severe microcephaly, hemimegalencephaly with paraventricular heterotopia, and polymicrogyria. Abnormal SF presented bilaterally in 23 fetuses and unilaterally in 5. All cases were categorized into six types depending on SF morphology in the transthalamic section: no plateau-like or a small insula, linear type, irregular corrugated SF, Z-shaped, and cyst occupying type. In addition to abnormal SF, associated anomalies or mild variations were identified in all fetuses. There were 17 cases underwent intrauterine MRI, and 13 cases underwent postnatal MRI examination.And 25 pregnancies were terminated; 3 were born alive, and 2 had typical syndromic changes with poor neurodevelopmental prognosis. A related pathogenic genetic variant was detected in 57.1% (16/28) fetus, and the incidence of single nucleotide variants(SNVs) was 42.9% (12/28), among which de novo SNVs accounted for 91.7% (11/12). Conclusions:Fetal abnormal SF could be classified based on the ultrasonographic features of transthalamic section. Fetal abnormal SF may indicate MCD, some chromosomal abnormalities or single-gene genetic syndromes that may lead to poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, and may be affected by extra-cortical factors. It is suggested to carry out targeted prenatal genetic diagnosis for fetuses with abnormal SF.

Objective:Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common infectious complication after emergency abdominal surgery (EAS). To a large extent, most SSI can be prevented, but there are few relevant studies in China. This study mainly investigated the current situation of SSI occurrence after EAS in China, and further explored risk factors for SSI occurrence.Methods:Multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted. Clinical data of patients undergoing EAS in 33 hospitals across China between May 1, 2019 and June 7, 2019 were prospectively collected, including perioperative data and microbial culture results from infected incisions. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI after EAS, while the secondary outcomes were postoperative hospital stay, ICU occupancy rate, length of ICU stay, hospitalization cost, and mortality within postoperative 30 days. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of SSI after EAS.Results:A total of 660 EAS patients aged (47.9±18.3) years were enrolled in this study, including 56.5% of males (373/660). Forty-nine (7.4%) patients developed postoperative SSI. The main pathogen of SSI was Escherichia coli [culture positive rate was 32.7% (16/49)]. As compared to patients without SSI, those with SSI were more likely to be older (median 56 years vs. 46 years, U=19 973.5, P<0.001), male [71.4% (35/49) vs. 56.1% (343/611), χ 2=4.334, P=0.037] and diabetes [14.3% (7/49) vs. 5.1% (31/611), χ 2=5.498, P=0.015]; with-lower preoperative hemoglobin (median: 122.0 g/L vs. 143.5 g/L, U=11 471.5, P=0.006) and albumin (median: 35.5 g/L vs. 40.8 g/L, U=9452.0, P<0.001), with higher blood glucose (median: 6.9 mmol/L vs. 6.0 mmol/L, U=17 754.5, P<0.001); with intestinal obstruction [32.7% (16/49) vs. 9.2% (56/611), χ 2=25.749, P<0.001], with ASA score 3-4 [42.9% (21/49) vs. 13.9% (85/611), χ 2=25.563, P<0.001] and with high surgical risk [49.0% (24/49) vs. 7.0% (43/611), χ 2=105.301, P<0.001]. The main operative procedure resulting in SSI was laparotomy [81.6%(40/49) vs. 35.7%(218/611), χ 2=40.232, P<0.001]. Patients with SSI experienced significantly longer operation time (median: 150 minutes vs. 75 minutes, U=25 183.5, P<0.001). In terms of clinical outcome, higher ICU occupancy rate [51.0% (25/49) vs. 19.5% (119/611), χ 2=26.461, P<0.001], more hospitalization costs (median: 44 000 yuan vs. 15 000 yuan, U=24 660.0, P<0.001), longer postoperative hospital stay (median: 10 days vs. 5 days, U=23 100.0, P<0.001) and longer ICU occupancy time (median: 0 days vs. 0 days, U=19 541.5, P<0.001) were found in the SSI group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly (OR=3.253, 95% CI: 1.178-8.985, P=0.023), colorectal surgery (OR=9.156, 95% CI: 3.655-22.937, P<0.001) and longer operation time (OR=15.912, 95% CI:6.858-36.916, P<0.001) were independent risk factors of SSI, while the laparoscopic surgery (OR=0.288, 95% CI: 0.119-0.694, P=0.006) was an independent protective factor for SSI. Conclusions:For patients undergoing EAS, attention should be paid to middle-aged and elderly patients and those of colorectal surgery. Laparoscopic surgery should be adopted when feasible and the operation time should be minimized, so as to reduce the incidence of SSI and to reduce the burden on patients and medical institutions.

Objective:Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common infectious complication after emergency abdominal surgery (EAS). To a large extent, most SSI can be prevented, but there are few relevant studies in China. This study mainly investigated the current situation of SSI occurrence after EAS in China, and further explored risk factors for SSI occurrence.Methods:Multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted. Clinical data of patients undergoing EAS in 33 hospitals across China between May 1, 2019 and June 7, 2019 were prospectively collected, including perioperative data and microbial culture results from infected incisions. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI after EAS, while the secondary outcomes were postoperative hospital stay, ICU occupancy rate, length of ICU stay, hospitalization cost, and mortality within postoperative 30 days. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of SSI after EAS.Results:A total of 660 EAS patients aged (47.9±18.3) years were enrolled in this study, including 56.5% of males (373/660). Forty-nine (7.4%) patients developed postoperative SSI. The main pathogen of SSI was Escherichia coli [culture positive rate was 32.7% (16/49)]. As compared to patients without SSI, those with SSI were more likely to be older (median 56 years vs. 46 years, U=19 973.5, P<0.001), male [71.4% (35/49) vs. 56.1% (343/611), χ 2=4.334, P=0.037] and diabetes [14.3% (7/49) vs. 5.1% (31/611), χ 2=5.498, P=0.015]; with-lower preoperative hemoglobin (median: 122.0 g/L vs. 143.5 g/L, U=11 471.5, P=0.006) and albumin (median: 35.5 g/L vs. 40.8 g/L, U=9452.0, P<0.001), with higher blood glucose (median: 6.9 mmol/L vs. 6.0 mmol/L, U=17 754.5, P<0.001); with intestinal obstruction [32.7% (16/49) vs. 9.2% (56/611), χ 2=25.749, P<0.001], with ASA score 3-4 [42.9% (21/49) vs. 13.9% (85/611), χ 2=25.563, P<0.001] and with high surgical risk [49.0% (24/49) vs. 7.0% (43/611), χ 2=105.301, P<0.001]. The main operative procedure resulting in SSI was laparotomy [81.6%(40/49) vs. 35.7%(218/611), χ 2=40.232, P<0.001]. Patients with SSI experienced significantly longer operation time (median: 150 minutes vs. 75 minutes, U=25 183.5, P<0.001). In terms of clinical outcome, higher ICU occupancy rate [51.0% (25/49) vs. 19.5% (119/611), χ 2=26.461, P<0.001], more hospitalization costs (median: 44 000 yuan vs. 15 000 yuan, U=24 660.0, P<0.001), longer postoperative hospital stay (median: 10 days vs. 5 days, U=23 100.0, P<0.001) and longer ICU occupancy time (median: 0 days vs. 0 days, U=19 541.5, P<0.001) were found in the SSI group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly (OR=3.253, 95% CI: 1.178-8.985, P=0.023), colorectal surgery (OR=9.156, 95% CI: 3.655-22.937, P<0.001) and longer operation time (OR=15.912, 95% CI:6.858-36.916, P<0.001) were independent risk factors of SSI, while the laparoscopic surgery (OR=0.288, 95% CI: 0.119-0.694, P=0.006) was an independent protective factor for SSI. Conclusions:For patients undergoing EAS, attention should be paid to middle-aged and elderly patients and those of colorectal surgery. Laparoscopic surgery should be adopted when feasible and the operation time should be minimized, so as to reduce the incidence of SSI and to reduce the burden on patients and medical institutions.