AIM: To isolate and identify flavones from Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser, to establish the content determination of quercetin. METHODS: The flavones were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel. Its structures were identified by spectroscopic methods, including IR, UV, MS. HPLC was used to assay the quercetin. RESULTS: quercetin and quercitrin content were determined. CONCLUSION: This method is accurate, reliable with good separability and reproducibility, it can be applied as standard for the control of Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser.

Objective To investigate the effects of morroniside on activation of caspase-3 in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. MethodsThe model was induced with occlusion of middle cerebral artery with suture embolus, ischemia for 30 min, and reperfusion for 72 h in rats. Vitamin E used for the positive control. The activity of caspase-3 was detected with spectrophotometry. ResultsCompared with sham group, the caspase-3 activity increased obviously in model rat. Compared with model group, Morroniside (30 mg/kg,90 mg/kg,270 mg/kg) decreased the activation of caspase-3 remarkably, which was dose-dependent (P<0.05). ConclusionMorroniside may reduce apoptosis by decreasing the activation of caspase-3 in rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of morroniside on IL-1β in rat cortex with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.MethodsThe animal model was induced by occlusion of middle cerebral artery with suture embolus, ischemia for 30 min, and reperfusion for 72 h in rats. The content of IL-1β was detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).ResultsCompared with sham group, the content of IL-1β increased obviously in model rat. Compared with model group, morroniside(30 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 270 mg/kg) and colchicine (0.06 mg/kg) decreased the content of IL-1β significantly (P<0.001).ConclusionMorroniside may protect the cortex from inflammatory factor IL-1β.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion results in damage on neuron, leading to genes and proteins related to apoptosis activation. At the same time, generous cytokines released after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion can induce the apoptosis of the neuron. Many current studies have showed that the major damage mechanisms on apoptosis of the neuron are mitochondrion impairment, calcium overload, increased levels of oxygen radicals and so on. The advance research on the mechanism contributes to explore new neuroprotective drugs, and further identify the target and therapeutic effect of drug treatment.

Objective To explore the function of autonomic nerves system in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) combined with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). Methods Fifty children having PSVT and no CHD (PSVT group), 30 children with both PSVT and CHD (CHD group), and 50 cases of healthy children (control group) were selected. The difference of 24-hour heart rate variability (HRV) among three groups was analyzed retrospectively. Results There were statistical differences in the long-range time domain HRV indexes, including SDNN, SDANN, SDNN Index, pNN 50 , and RMSSD among three groups (F=80.32-?263.18, P all??0.05). The SDNN, SDANN, SDNN Index, pNN50, and RMSSD were signiifcantly decreased in CHD group compared with PSVT group (P all?

Public hospitals are the backbone of China's healthcare,shouldering critical tasks of ensuring health of the Chinese people at large.Their reform,therefore,should enhance and coordinate the balance between public welfare and efficiency of public hospitals as much as possible.Such a “separated ownership/operation” reform in the management system reform of public hospitals can raise their operational and management efficiency,so as to maximize their performance of public benefits.Based on the basic theory of separated ownership and operation,authors of the paper proposed policy recommendations for such a reform upon the analysis of the four optional patterns separated ownership and operation of public hospitals.

Objective To explore the effect of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism on brain volume in healthy young adults.Methods One hundred and ninety-three healthy young volunteers (age:20-40 years) were recruited in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between August 2013 and May 2014.Two milliliters of peripheral blood were collected for the determination of ApoE genotype using direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products.Brain MRI scans were performed using three-dimensional T1-weighted turbo field echo imaging sequence.The diffcrences of brain morphometry between the ε4 carriers group (ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 genotype) and the ε4 non-carriers group (ε3/ε3 genotype) were analyzed using voxel based morphometry (VBM).Results The ε4 carriers accounted for 14.51％ (28/193) of the total population.Twenty of ε4 carriers and 45 of ε4 non-carriers were included in the final images analysis.VBM analysis showed that the ApoE ε4 carriers had 10 atrophic brain areas compared with the ε4 non-carriers (P ＜ 0.005,uncorrected,10 continuous voxels),which mainly located in the right anterior cingulate,the bilateral caudates,parietal lobes and lateral temporal lobes.Conclusions The influence of ApoE gene polymorphisms on brain volume has appeared in the youth.The ε4 gene is related to the reductions of the gray matter volume in multiple brain areas.

Objective To investigate the value of modified T staging system in the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA).Methods The clinical data of 95 patients with HCCA who were admitted to the Memorial Sun Yat-Sen Hospital from December 1995 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Based on the results of imaging examination,preoperative staging was determined according the modified T staging system.The prognosis of the patients in difference T stages were compared.The data were analyzed by using the chi-square test and Fisher exact test.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method and the survival rate was compared by using the Log-rank test.Results The diagnostic rates of ultrasound + magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP),ultrasound + computed tomography (CT) or spiral CT were 93％ (37/40) and 66％ (23/35),respectively.The diagnostic rates of ultrasound + CT or spiral CT and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP),ultrasound + CT or spiral CT and MRCP were 14/15 and 15/15,respectively.Of the 95 patients,44 received operation (including 28 cases of radical resection and 16 cases of palliative resection),16 received exploratory laparotomy,and 35 received simple internal or external drainage.For patients in T1,T2 and T3 stages,the resection rates were 71％ (30/42),50％ (12/24) and 7％ (2/29),respectively,with significant differences (x2 =30.182,P ＜0.05).The negative rates of the resection margins of patients in T1 and T2 stages were 77％ (23/30) and 5/12,respectively,2 patients in T3 stage were found with tumor residuals at the resection margin.There was a significant difference in the radical resection rate among patients in different T stages (x2 =8.204,P ＜ 0.05).Of the 44 patients who received surgical treatment,30 (68％) received concomitant partial hepatectomy.The ratios of patients in T1 and T2 stages who received concomitant partial hepatectomy were 70％ (21/30) and 9/12,respectively,with no significant difference (x2 =0.101,P ＞ 0.05).Fourteen (32％) patients received tumor resection.The incidences of complications and perioperative mortalities were 53％ (16/30) and 10％ (3/30) for patients who received concomitant partial hepatectomy,and 5/14 and 1/14 for patients who received tumor resection,with no significant differences between the 2 groups (x2 =1.188,0.094,P ＞ 0.05).The median survival time of patients who received concomitant partial hepatectomy was 29 months,which was significantly longer than 19 months of patients who received tumor resection (x2 =11.317,P ＜0.05).Eighty-six patients were followed up,and the median time of follow up was 15.6 months (range,3-70 months).The 1-year cumulative survival rates of patients in T1,T2 and T3 stages were 73.8％,58.0％ and 9.2％,respectively,and the 3-year cumulative survival rates of patients in T1,T2 and T3 stages were 33.5％,12.1％ and 0,respectively.The median survival time of patients in T1,T2 and T3 stages were 24,16 and 7 months,respectively.The prognosis of patients was getting poor as the increase of the T stages (x2 =37.07,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The modified T-staging system is beneficial to preoperative evaluation of patients with HCCA.Concomitant partial hepatectomy could improve the radical resection rate and prolong the median survival time of HCCA patients.

ObjectiveTo analyze the association of human urate transporter 1 ( hURAT1 ) gene promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) with primary hyperuricemia ( HUA ) in Chinese Han people.MethodsA total of 215 patients with HUA and 323 healthy subjects were chosen to be investigated of SNP of hURAT1 promoter by PCR and sequencing.ResultsFive SNPs were identified,including-454A/T,-434T/C,-382C/T,-87C/T,and + 118G/A.Pairwise linkage disequilibrium analysis displayed a high linkage disequilibrium between the five SNPs ( r2 =0.99).In HUA group,the heterozygous genotypos ( AT,CT,CT,CT,AG ) frequencies were significantly lower than those in control group ( P＜0.05 ).Logistic regression analysis showed that the heterozygosis genotypes ( AT,CT,CT,CT,AG) were protective factors of HUA ( OR 0.68-0.75 ).The minor allele ( T,C,T,T,A ) frequencies for both SNPs were significantly different between two groups ( P =0.022,P =0.038 ).ConclusionThese findings indicate that -454A/T,-434T/C,-382C/T,-87C/T,and + 118G/A SNPs of hURAT1 gene promoter area are associated with HUA in Chinese Han population.

Objective To study the SRSF2 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by using high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA). Methods PCR-HRMA analysis was performed to screen SRSF2 mutations in 140 cases with AML, and the direct DNA sequencing was used to confirm the HRMA results. Results Five percent (7/140) of AML patients were found with heterozygous SRSF2 mutations, including one case of P95R mutation, two case of P95L mutation, and four cases of P95H mutation, the above mutations were confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. The maximal sensitivity of HRMA in detecting SRSF2 mutation was close to 10%. There were no difference in gender, age and blood parameters among cases with or without SRSF2 mutations (P > 0.05). The overall survival (OS) of patients with SRSF2 mutations was inferior to those without SRSF2 mutations in AML patients (P=0.016). Conclusions HRMA analysis was a convenient, rapid, specific, high-throughput technique for scanning of SRSF2 gene mutations in AML patients. SRSF2 mutation may predict the adverse prognosis in AML patients.