OBJECTIVE:To facilitate the construction of Chinese pharmaceutical profession associations. METHODS: We analyzed the current situation and problems existing in Chinese pharmaceutical profession association as well as the developmental experience of foreign pharmaceutical associations then put forward suggestions for the development of pharmaceutical profession associations in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The sound development of pharmaceutical profession associations calls for the cooperated efforts of government, profession association and pharmaceutical enterprises, meanwhile its function as bridge and tie between pharmaceutical enterprises and government should be brought into full play.

Objective To investigate the role of chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) in the spinal cord in tibia bone cancer pain (BCP) in rats.Methods Forty adult female SD rats weighing 160-180 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8 each):sham operation group (group Ⅰ ); sham operation + CCL21 neutralizing antibody group (groupⅡ); BCP group (group [); BCP + PBS group (group Ⅳ); BCP + control IgG group (groupⅤ)and BCP + CCL21 neutralizing antibody group (group Ⅵ).BCP was induced by inoculating Walker-256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the rat tibia medullary cavity in groups Ⅲ-Ⅵ.PBS 15 μl,IgG 10 μg and CCL21 neutralizing antibody 10 μg were injected intrathecally (IT) at 14 days after intra-tibial injection of Walker-256 mammary gland cancer cells in groups Ⅳ- Ⅵ respectively.Mechanical withdrawal threshold to yon Frey filament stimulation (MWT) was measured at 1 day before (To,baseline) ; 7 and 14 d after Walker-256 cell injection (T1,T2)and at 0.5,1,2,4,8,12,24 and 48 h after intrathecal injection (T3-10 ).Results Intra-tibial injection of Walker-256 mammary gland cancer cells significantly decreased MWT as compared with the baseline values in administration of CCL21 neutralizing antibody at T5-8 as compared with MWT before intrathecal administration at T2 in group Ⅵ.MWT was significantly lower in groups Ⅲ- Ⅳ than in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.MWT was significantly higher at T5-8 in group Ⅵ than in groups Ⅲ - Ⅴ.Conclu]sion CCL21 in the spinal cord is involved in the maintenance of tibia BCP in rats.

Objective To approach the alleviating effect of medicative diet for food therapy on hepatic function of patients with gastric cancer and adjuvant chemotherapy after operation and supply references for effective treatment and nursing. Methods We divided 123 patients with gastric cancer after operation into the test group (65 cases) and the control group (58 cases).The control group adopted routine treatment project while the test group received medieative diet for food therapy based on routine treatment project. The changes in hepatic functions were compared between the two groups. Results The changes in hepatic functions of the test group were better than those of the control group (P<0.01 ). Conclusion Medicative diet for food therapy could significantly restore the seriously damaged hepatic function after chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate effects of intrathecal methotrexate on mechanical allodynia in rats with tibial bone cancer pain.Methods Forty-eight female SD rats weighing 150-180 g were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n =8 each):group Ⅰ sham operation + artificial cerebrospinal fluid(SA group),group Ⅱ sham operation + methotrexate 200 μg(SM group),group Ⅲ bone cancer pain + artificial cerebrospinal fluid(CA group),group Ⅳ-Ⅵ bone cancer pain + different doses of methotrexate (CM1-3 groups).The model of tibial bone cancer pain was induced by injecting Walker-256 cell into the tibial marrow cavity.CA and CM1-3 groups were intrathecal injected artificial cerebrospinal fluid,methotrexate 50,100 and 200 μg.SA and SM200 groups were intrathecal injected artificial cerebrospinal fluid and methotrexate 200 μg.The mechanical withdrawl threshold (MWT) was measured at day 1 before Walker-256 injection (baseline),7 day after injection (T0 ) and 2,4,8,24 hour and 1,3,5,7 days after intrathecal injection ( T1-8 ).Results Compered with the baseline,MWT was decrease in CA and CM1-s groups.Competed with To,MWT was decreased at T5-8 in CA group,MWT was increased at T3-5 in CM1 group,at T2-6 in CM2 group and at T2-7 in CM3 groups.MWT was decrease in CA and CM1-3 groups as compered with SA group; MWT was increased at T4-7 in CM1 group and at T3-7 in CM2 and CM3 groups.Conclusion Intrathecal injection of methotrexate can reduce tibial bone cancer pain in rats.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of preoperative intranasal dexmedetomidine on sedation and preventing postoperative agitation in children inguinal hernia operation .Methods Forty children patients ,aged 1-s5 years old ,ASA Ⅰ ,were selected and equally randomized into 2 groups ,receiving intranasally dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg(group Dex) and the same volume of normal saline (group NS) at preoperative 30 min respectively .The sedation score ,emotion score when separating from their par‐ents ,mask inhalation induction resistance score were evaluated at 30 min after medication ,furthermore the agitation scores were ob‐served and recorded at postoperative 30 min ,1 ,2 h .Results The sedation score ,emotion score when separating from their parents and mask inhalation induction resistance score in the Dex group were superior to the NS group ,moreover the agitation score at each points were lower than those in the NS group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Preoperative intranasal dexmedetomidine can be safely used in children inguinal hernia operation ,has better sedative effect ,meanw hile reduces the postoperative agitation occurrence .

Objective:To observe the influence of long-term exercise training on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT)in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.Methods:A total of 92 patients with mild-to-moderate es-sential hypertension (EH)were randomly and equally divided into exercise group and routine treatment group.Exer-cise group received exercise training based on routine treatment.All patients were followed up one year.Influence of long-term exercise training on carotid artery diameter and carotid IMT was observed in EH patients.Results:Af-ter one year,there were significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),ca-rotid artery diameter and carotid IMT in both groups,P<0.05 all;compared with routine treatment group,there were significant reductions in SBP [(145.72±11.31)mmHg vs.(130.89±13.01)mmHg],DBP [(88.49±7.32) mmHg vs.(81.71±8.45)mmHg],carotid artery diameter [(6.34±1.23)mm vs.(6.22±1.01)mm]and carotid IMT [(0.89±0.21)mm vs.(0.84±0.11)mm]in exercise group after treatment,P<0.05 all.Conclusion:Long-term exercise training can effectively reverse early arteriosclerosis lesion of carotid wall and effectively control blood pressure.

Objective To compare the response of haemodynamics and intraocular pressure (IOP) to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and tracheal intubation (TT) in children with glaucoma.Methods A prospective,randomized study was conducted in 50 glaucomatous children,scheduled to undergo trabeculectomy and divided into LMA group (25 cases) and TT group (25 cases) by random digits table method.Endotracheal intubation or placement of the laryngeal mask operation time and the dosage of midazolam was noted in each patient.Heart rate (HR),mean arterial pressure (MAP),tip perfusion index (TPI),IOP were measured after anesthesia induction (T1),endotracheal intubation or placement laryngeal mask immediately (T2),endotracheal intubation or placement after laryngeal mask 1 min (T3),2 min (T4),3 min(T5),5 min(T6).Results There was no significant difference in endotracheal intubation or placement of the laryngeal mask operation time and the dosage of midazolam between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with T1,HR,IOP were increased at T2-T4,MAP was increased at T2-T3,TPI was decreased at T2-T5 in TT group,there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,TPI,IOP among different points in LMA group (P ＞ 0.05).HR,MAP,IOP in LMA group at T2-T4 were lower than those in TT group [HR:(119.3 ±8.9),(117.6 ±8.5),(115.2 ±6.9) beats/min vs.(131.3 ±7.1),(128.1 ±6.8),(123.2 ± 8.6)beats/min,MAP:(36.9 ± 5.1),(37.1 ±4.8),(34.7 ±4.6) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(44.1 ± 4.9),(42.8 ± 5.5),(41.9 ± 7.1) mmHg,IOP:(27.6 ± 2.5),(27.0 ± 2.0),(25.9 ± 2.3) mmHg vs.(34.2 ± 2.2),(32.9 ± 1.6),(31.1 ± 2.2) mmHg],TPI at T2-T5 was higher than that in TT group (3.25 ± 0.28,2.99 ± 0.26,3.15 ± 0.31,3.40 ± 0.30 vs.2.69 ± 0.29,2.22 ± 0.27,2.41 ± 0.30,2.66 ± 0.33),and there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Insertion of LMA in glaucomatous children is not associated with significant changes in haemodynamics and IOP response and offers advantages over tracheal intubation.

Objective To investigate the role of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in the spinal cord expression in a rat model of tibia bone cancer pain.Methods Eighty-four female SD rats weighing 160-180 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =28):control group (group C),sham operation group (group S) and tibia bone cancer pain group (group P).Tibia bone cancer pain was induced by intra-tibial inoculation of Walker-256 breast cancer cells.Paw withdral threshold to mechanical stimulation (MWT) was measured with von Frey filaments at 1 d before and at 1,3,7,10,14 and 21 d after inoculation.Six rats in each group were sacrificed after the measurement of MWT at 1 d before inoculation and at 7,14 and 21 d after inoculation.Lumbar 4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of CCL2 by ELISA.The coexpression of CCL2 with Iba-1 (a specific marker of microglia),GFAP(a specific marker of astrocyte) and NeuN (a specific marker of neuron) was determined by double immunofluorescence assay after the measurement of MWT at 14 d after inoculation in group P.Results Compared with groups C and S,MWT was significantly decreased from 7 d to 21 d after inoculation,the expressive of CCI-2 in the spinal cord up-regulated at 7,14 and 21 d after inoculation in group P ( P ＜ 0.05).CCL2 was expressed in the microglia and astrocyte but not in neuron in the spinal cord dorsal horn in a rat model of tibia bone cancer pain.Conclusion Release of CCL2 from microglia and astrocytes in the spinal cord was involved in mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of tibia bone cancer pain.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of gabapentin on mechanical allodynia in rats with tibial bone cancer pain (BCP).MethodsForty-two female SD rats were randomized into 7 groups ( n=6):naive group (group N ),sham operation + NS control group (group SN),sham operation + GBP200mg/( kg · d) group (group SG200),BCP + NS control group (group BN),BCP + GBP50mg/( kg · d) group ( group BGS0),BCP +GBP100mg/(kg · d) group (group BG100),and BCP + GBP200mg/(kg · d) group (group BG200).The rats in group N,SN and BN received 5 ml normal saline and the rats in group SG200,BG50,BG100 and BG200 received 200,50,100 and 200 mg/( kg · d) dose of GBP via feeding from day 7 to 13 after operation,respectively.Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT) of the right paw and behavioral assays for ambulatory pain were measured just before operation and on days 1,3,5,7,8,10,12 and 14 after operation.ResultsMWT( (3.78 ± 0.38)g) in rats with BCP decreased and behavioral assays for ambulatory pain (0.76 ± 0.44) increased on day 7 after operation,as compared with those in group N ( ( 14.50 ± 1.38 ) g,(0.00 ± 0.00 ) ) and group sham ( ( 10.21 ± 0.88 ) g,( 0.00 ±0.00) ) (P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no apparent praxiological difference between group SN and group SG200 in a week of continuous application of gabapentin(P＞ 0.05 ).Compared with those in group BN,there was no change on MWT in group BG50 (P ＞ 0.05 ),and however,behavioral assays for ambulatory pain decreased (P ＜ 0.05 ).MWT in group BG100( (5.35 ±0.85)g) and BG200( (5.71 ±0.72) g) increased in day 10 after operation,as compared with those in group BN ( ( 2.61 ± 0.40) g) and group BG50 ( ( 3.28 ± 1.15 ) g) (P ＜ 0.05 ),and the difference was still statistically significant until day 14 (P ＜ 0.05 ).Behavioral assays for ambulatory pain in group BG100 and BG200 decreased from day 8 after operation,as compared with those in group BN and group BG50 (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionGabapentin,in medium to large dosage,can inhibit pain reaction of rats with bone cancer pain.Nevertheless,with the development of cancer,the effect of gabapentin decreases.