Objective To investigate the distribution and the drug resistance of pathogens isolated from 712 sputum specimens in the hospital.Methods 712 sputum specimens collected from the hospital underwent microorganism culture and drug sensitivity test.Disc diffusion screening and the K-B disc diffusion confirmatory method were applied to detect ESBLs,K-B test was used to judge their sensitivityies to drugs.Results The positive rate of sputum culture was increasing apparently(38% in 2003,49% in 2004 respectively).Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Staphylococcus epidermidis,Enterobacter,and Staphylococcus aureus were six most commonly detected oxygen-dependent bacterias.The results of the drug resistance test showed that the multiple drug resistance to antibiotics was serious.More and more enterobacteriaceae producing ESBLs were found.Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli are the major pathogens in the sputum culture,multiple drug resistance is serious. Therefore monitoring drug resistance is very important for instructing clinical doctors to use antibiotics properly.

Objective To study the effects of Shoutaiwan on the STAT signal transduction pathway of CD4+ T cells in maternal-fetal interface of mice with recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA).Methods CBA/J?BALB/C mating combination and CBA/J?DBA/2 mating combination were used as normal pregnancy and RSA model respectively.Mice with RSA were randomly assigned to model group and Shoutaiwan group.After 14 days of administration,the STAT signal transduction pathway of CD4+ T cells in mice decidual and placental tissues were detected by Springbio 720 antibody microarrays.Results Shoutaiwan could increase the phosphorylation level of STAT3 and STAT6 protein in the STAT signal transduction pathway.At the same time,Shoutaiwan could decrease the phosphorylation level of STAT1 protein.Conclusion The activation of STAT3 and STAT6 signal transduction pathway might play a important role in the therapy of RSA by Shoutaiwan.

Objective To explore the relationship between self-management behaviors and family function among elderly pa-tients with diabetes in community in order to provide evidence for community nursing of diabetes.Methods A total of 670 elderly patients with diabetes were selected with convenience sampling household survey method and investigated with the family Adapta-tion,Partnership,Growth,Affection,and Resolve(APGAR)and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities(SDSCA).Results The family functions total score of the elderly patients with diabetes in community was (6.95±2.91),the self-management behav-iors total score was (20.06±5.80),among the self-management behaviors the score for exercise was the highest and blood glucose monitoring was the lowest;family function had remarkable positive relation with the total score of self-management behaviors a-mong elderly patients with diabetes in community(r=0.156,P <0.05).Conclusion There is a correlation between the self-man-agement behaviors and family function,good family function is conducive to the improvement of self-management behaviors for the elderly patients with diabetes.

Objective To obtain the specific antigens of the expressed major capsid proteins from Noroviruses with different sub-genotypes in Beijing area. Methods The full-length genes of the major capsid proteins (VP1)were obtained through the amplification of the VP1 encoding gene in the recombinant plasmids pBST-CR2987(G Ⅱ-3)and pBST-CR2932(GⅡ-4),which represented different Norovirus geno-types. The full-length genes were sub-cloned into the expression vector pET-30a(+),resulting in a recombinant plasmid, with which the BL21 competent cells were transformed, and the expression of the gene was induced by adding IPTG to the growth culture. The expression of the major capsid proteins were analyzed with Coomassie blue staining after SDS-PAGE, and assayed by Western blot with serum from human. Results (1)The major capsid protein genes of CR2987 and CR2932 were sub-cloned into expression vector pET-30a(+). The VP1 encoding genes were 1647 bp in length for CR2987 and 1623 bp for CR2932. The open reading frames(ORF)coded for 549 and 541 amino acids for these two proteins, respectively. (2)The expressed VP1s were present primarily as inclusion bodies,and the maximal amount of the expressed proteins occurred at 4-6 h after IPTG induction.(3)These VP1s could be recognized by specific immune serum against VP1 of Norovirus as well as His-tag antibody. Conclusion The VP1s of CR2987 and CR2932 are expressed in BL21 E.coli cells.The expressed VP1s could react with specific immune serum against VP1 of Norovirus, indicating that the expressed VP1s are of antigenicity.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate its mechanism of inducing the maternal-fetal immune tolerance by studying the effects of Shoutai pills on the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokine and pregnancy in maternal-fetal interface of mice with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).

METHODThe normal pregnancy and RSA model were respectively induced with CBA/J x BALB/c and CBA/J x DBA/2. The mice with RSA were randomly divided into model group and low, middle and high dose groups of Shoutai pills. The mice were killed in 14 days after administration and embryo resorption rate was counted and their decidual and placental tissues were co-cultured to detect the expressions of IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha with ELISA.

RESULTThe embryo resorption rate of the model group was significantly higher than the normal pregnancy, middle and high dose groups of Shoutai pills could decreased the embryo resorption rate of the mice with RSA (P < 0.05). All the doses in 3 groups of Shoutai pills could decreased the expression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha (P < 0. 05) and there was no obvious difference between normal pregnancy group and all groups of Shoutai pills. Middle and high doses of Shoutai pills could increased the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 (P < 0.05) and there was no obvious differences between normal pregnancy and high dose group of Shoutai pills.

CONCLUSIONThe mechanism about Shoutai pills can change Th1 /Th2 cytokine towards Th2 bias, which induced the maternal-fetal immune tolerance.

Abortion, Habitual ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; Animals ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Embryo Loss ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; drug effects ; immunology

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for exploring the strategy of promoting TCM formula granules.METHODS:The questionnaire was designed to investigate the cognition and attitude of TCM practitioners from different grades to TCM formula granules in our university,and the investigation data were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A total of 312 questionnaires were collected and 306 questionnaires were collected with recovery rate of 98.08％.Among them,305 questionnaires were effective with effective rate of 99.67％.46.89％ of interviewed practitioners were found to know and understand about TCM formula granule,52.46％ knew but did not understand;the higher the grade,the higher the proportion of the known and the better understanding (P＜0.05);the cognitive channels included diagnosis and treatment course (69.64％),took by others (65.02％),took by oneself (51.49％).TCM formula granules were easy to take without decoction (95.71％) and easy to carry (87.13％),the advantage of which had high popularity,but there was not much knowledge about other advantages.7.54％ of interviewed practitioners fully appreciated TCM formula granules and 69.18％ recognized them;the higher the grade,the higher the degree of recognition (P＜ 0.05).89.51％ were willing to learn more about TCM formula granules.60.98％ said they would prescribed TCM formula granules in the furure.Among the influential factors for the attitude of the practitioners to TCM formula granules,the three factors with the highest influence were the influence of the teachers,the influence of the patients and their own practice.CONCLUSIONS:The practice of TCM practitioners in our university in Beijing is not ideal for the cognition of TCM formula granules.There is still a great room for improvement in the attitude to TCM formula granules.The teachers and patients are key influential factors for the attitude to TCM formula granules.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of β cells and insulin absolutely deficiency upon antigen-specific T lymphocyte attack. The patients with T1DM need insulin therapy for the whole life. Although the mechanism of T1DM is still unclear now, environmental factors play a critical role in the T1DM development because the incidence of infectious diseases is opposite to that of allergies and autoimmune diseases. So far, a variety of bacteria, parasites, viruses and their composition have been proved functional in the prevention of T1DM in animal models. Therefore, microbial vaccine, if administrated early, can induce immune tolerance and prevent the destruction of pancreatic islet β cells, which is expected to be safe and effective novel approach in treating T1DM. This paper summarizes several types of T1DM microbial vaccine and their potential mechanisms including inactivated vaccine, attenuated vaccine, subunit vaccine, DNA vaccine and living-vector vaccine.
10.11665/j.issn.1000-5048.20180204

Objective To investigate the relationship between multi‐dimensional myocardial strain and global cardiac function in different stages of cardiac dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) by two‐dimensional strain echocardiography . MethodsAccording to cardiac function measurements ,SHR of 28 to 102 weeks were divided into 3 groups :Normal group[ Group A , normal left ventricular ejection fraction( LVEF) and left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure( LVEDP) , n ＝13] ,diastolic dysfunction group ( Group B , normal LVEF but increased LVEDP , n ＝24) ,and systolic dysfunction group ( Group C ,decreased LVEF and increased LVEDP , n ＝ 17 ) ,with WKY rats at similar weeks of age as controls ( group a , n ＝ 7 ;group b , n ＝ 12 ; and group c , n ＝ 16 ) . Morphological parameters of left ventricular were measured by echocardiography . Using EchoPac workstation ,systolic peak longitudinal strain ,circumferential and radial strain were calculated at the left ventricular middle levels . Extracellular collagen content was observed histologically . Results Left atrial dimension increased in group B and larger in group C ,and dilated left ventricular and thickened wall were only found in group C .Systolic peak longitudinal strain of group B was significantly lower than group A and group a ( all P ＜ 0 .05 ) ,and deteriorated in group C( P ＜ 0 .05 ) ,while systolic peak circumferential and radial strain and LVEF were only significantly decreased in group C ( all P＜ 0 .05 ) ,w hile there was no significant difference between Group A and Group B( all P ＞0 .05) . Collagen content in endocardial and mid‐layer myocardium increased in group B and C , and increased epicardial collagen occurred in group C . Systolic peak longitudinal strain , circumferential and radial strain were correlated positively with LVEF( r ＝0 .65 ,0 .80 ,0 .80 ,all P ＜0 .01) . Conclusions In SHR ,systolic peak longitudinal strain obtained by echocardiography is decreased in the period of diastolic dysfunction ,w hile the damage of systolic peak circumferential and radial strain leads to the systolic dysfunction .

Objective To investigate the use of parenteral nutrition preparations in Jiangsu Province,and to provide reference for the standardized management of parenteral nutrition preparations.Methods 720 cases using parenteral nutrition preparations from January 2017 to June 2017 in the department of general surgery of 12 hospitals in Jiangsu province were selected.The rate of nutritional risk screening,the indications of parenteral nutrition,the way of infusion,the rationality and economy of the prescriptions were retrospectively evaluated.The calorie,amino acid content,non-protein calorie/nitrogen ratio,glycolipid ratio and cation concentration of the patients received total parenteral nutrition were calculated.Results The total costs of parenteral nutrition preparations of 720 cases were 1.614 1 millions,and 346 cases did not have the indications for parenteral nutrition.The results of prescription comment showed that only 16 patients were screened for nutritional risk by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 tool at admission.544 cases were intravenous dripped with amino acid and fat emulsion from peripheral vein.In the 176 total parenteral nutrition prescriptions,there were 39 non-protein calorie/nitrogen ratio cases,15 glycolipid ratio cases,69 cation concentration cases,61 calorie cases and 32 amino acid content cases failing to comply with the recommendation of the guidelines.Only 31 total parenteral nutrition prescriptions were completely reasonable.Conclusion The costs of parenteral nutrition preparations used in hospitals of Jiangsu are high but the rate of rationality is low.Nutrition support team should be established to regulate the use of parenteral nutrition preparations and save medical resources.

We describe a case of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma detected by ultrasound at 14 gestational weeks. The tumor was classified as "type Ⅰ" by ultrasonography combined with MRI. The cystic part accounted for over 60% of the mass before 26 weeks and ruptured spontaneously at 28 weeks. The size of the tumor was 12.8 cm×9.7 cm×12.3 cm at 36 +5 gestational weeks. A female newborn was born through cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation and had the tumor removed surgically on the postnatal day 4. Postoperative follow-up showed that the neonate had a good prognosis without physiological dysfunction.