The encephalopathy of prematurity is a complex amalgam of primary destructive disease and secondary developmental disturbances.The interrelations between destructive and developmental mechanisms at cellular and molecular level in the genesis of the encephalopathy are emphasized and reviewed.We focus on its latest definition,microglia activation induced oligodendrocyte injury,neuronal/axonal impairments,and recent insights of thalamus,subplate neurons and cerebral cortex injury.

This review will discuss aerosol device technologies available for pulmonary vaccine deliveries.The possibilities of adopting aerosol-generation for the purpose of pulmonary immunization are described.Aerosol-generation systems might offer advantages in respect to vaccine stability and antigenicity.The noninvasive,relatively safe and low-cost net of pulmonary delivery may provide great benefits to the public health vaccination campaign.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of chest X-ray in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.Methods 87 children with NRDS were selected.Then bedside radiography was conducted with the Philip Pracelx100 mobile X-ray machine,and the children with confirmed NRDS were recorded,and the children screening by chest X-ray review were analyzed.Referenced the NRDS image diagnostic criteria,the disease grading was carried out according to the lung field light transmission reduction and air bronchogram extent.Results 20 cases in the first grade,35 cases in the second grade,28 cases in the third grade,4 cases in the fourth grade.Limitations of miliary shadows in 15 cases ;60 cases of impaired lung field transmittance,51 patients presented with ground-glass change and air bronchogram ;4 cases in “ white lung”.Conclusion Chest X-ray for NRDS had important value of diagnostic,differential diagnostic and prognosis.

This article applies documentary,expert interview, questionnaire and other methods to study the physical education teaching of foreign students in Chongqing, and explores the construction of P.E features teaching content teaching to foreign students in medical colleges.

Objective To investigate the effect of early rehabilitation treatment on functional improvement after total knee arthroplasty. Methods 48 patients (53knees) of rehabilitation in our hospital from 2010 to 2013 were divided into 2 groups, 22 patients (25knees) in control group were given common rehabilitation training, 26 patients (28 knees) in observation group were given early rehabilitation treatment. Results All the ROM, knee score and function score of 2 groups were improved, and observation group were better than that of control group (P<0.05),at the last follow-up, the PF, BP and VT of observation group were better than control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion Early rehabilitation treatment can significantly promote the knee function recovery after surgery and improve the life quality of patients, so it deserves to be generalized.

Objective To explore the curative effect of the different utilized timing of romethamine in cesarean section with central placenta previa.Methods All of 148 patients with central placenta previa were divided into observation group (74 patients) and control group (74 patients) according to the serial number.The patients in observation group were given romethamine after breaking off umbilical core,the patients in control group were given romethamine after placental expulsion.The intraoperative blood loss,postoperative 24 h blood loss,operation time,rate of automatic placental expulsion and adverse reaction were compared.Results The intraoperative blood loss in observation group was less than that in control group[(503.5 ± 320.8) ml vs.(672.1 ± 409.6) ml],the rate of automatic placental expulsion was higher than that in control group [79.73％ (59/74) vs.54.05％ (40/74)],the operation time was less than that in control group [(42 ± 15) min vs.(55 ± 16) min],there was significant difference (P ＜0.05 or ＜0.01).The postoperative 24 h blood loss and the adverse reaction between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In cesarean section with central placenta previa,given romethamine after breaking off umbilical core can improve the rate of automatic placental expulsion,shorten operation time,decrease intraoperative blood loss.It is worthy of spreading.

One hundred and fifty-two cases of fasciitis of lumber muscles were divided into two groups.The treatment group of 75 cares war treated with acupuncture and movement therapy bared on syndrome differentiation with meridians and collaterals using points of Shuigou(DU26)or Houxi(S13),Shousanli(LI10)or Tmchong(LR3);while 77 cages in the control group were treated with simple acupuncture and Ashi points and Weizhong(BL40).The total efficacy rate Wag 86.7%in the treatment group and 64.9%in the control group(P＜0.01).The effect of immediate pain relief in treatment group WaR better than that of the control group,with the VAS scores significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Acupuncture and movement therapy is effective for treatment of fasciitis of lumbar muscles.

Objective To explore the early characteristics,risk factors and correct diagnosis procedure of acute pulmonary embolism.Methods The onset,axillary examination and susceptibility of 52 cases of acute pulmonary embolism between Jan 2004 and Dec 2005 were analyzed.Results The early manifestation of acute pulmonary embolism was difficulty in breathing,chest pain,hemota and fatigue.Only 11.5%patients presented all the obove symptomes at the same time.D-dimer＞500μg/L was 100%.Blood gas analysis showed hypoximia in 94.2%,typical SⅠQⅢTⅢin 13.6% on electrocardiograph,pulmonary artery hypertension in 82.5%on ultrasonography,dilated right in 38.5%of all the subjects.The diagnosis rate was 82.7%at the first diagnosis.Lower limb deep vein embolism,chronic cardiac,kidney disease,malignant tumor and periooperation patients were the risk factors.Conclusion Acute pulmonary embolism is specific-free of clincial manifestation,patients with history of vertigo but excluding difficulty in breathing,chest pain,hemato should go proper examination.

Objective To observe the influence of disease uncertainty ( DU) to patients' compliance with rehabilitation training ( CWRT) , shoulder joint movement (SJM) , and abilities in activities of daily living ( ADL) in post-operative breast cancer (BCPO) patients. Methods Sixty-seven BCPO patients uncertain about their health was assessed using Missals' DU protocol. They were then treated according to the breast cancer rehabilitation training plan recommended by the Japanese Cancer Association. CWRT, SJM and ADL were evaluated before and after treatment. Results The scores on dependency of recovery training, systematic remedy and the ability to change their life style were distinctly higher among patients with low DU scores than among those with high DU scores. The shoulder joint mobility in two groups was similar before the remedy, but became better after treatment. ADL category grades and ADL total scores in the two groups were similar before treatment, and had increased significantly after treatment. The item scores for defecating, diet, dressing and bathing, as well as ADL total scores, were significantly lower in the high uncertainty group. Conclusion DU is one of most important factors for BCPO patients. It can influence CWRT and therapeutic effects in rehabilitation.

The pediatric population with the orbital and eyeball malformations has been an important part in ophthalmic plastic surgery.The pediatric is with great difference from adult in physiology and anatomy.Besides,visual function,orbit and face during childhood are still under development.The orbital deformityes during the childhood,especially for some congenital abnormalities,are always associated with or a cause of visual disfunction.And the congenital or acquired anophthalmia or microphthalm may lead to the retardation of orbital growth and overall of the face afterwards,so it is not only a simple cosmetic surgery for the oculoplastic surgery in the pediatric population,but also the reconstruction of function.Thus we should pay special attention for the oculoplastic surgery to the effect of development of visual function and orbit in the pediatric.Accordingly,it is crucial to select a proper surgical timing and method for ophthalmic plastic surgery in the pediatric.