ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the effects of berberine on matrix metalloproteinases/tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs/TIMPs) in rat periodontitis .Methods Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to thread ligation and porphyromonas gingivalis ( P . gingivalis ) inoculation resulting in periodontitis . Berberine [150 mg/(kg · d)] or vehicle was administered by oral gavage for 4 weeks .Alveolar bone loss and soft‐tissue destruction were determined by micro‐computed tomography (μ‐CT) and HE staining .The contents of tumor necrosis factor‐α(TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β(IL‐1β) of gingival tissue were examined by ELISA .The expressions of MMP‐2 ,MMP‐9 and TIMP‐2 as well as the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and NF‐κB were determined by Western blot .Results Significant increases were observed in alveolar bone loss and periodontal soft‐tissue destruction with higher levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and MMP‐2/9 expressions and the activities of P38 MAPK and NF‐κB in the experiment periodontitis group .Berberine of [150 mg/(kg · d)] not only improved the periodontal tissue and decreased alveolar bone loss ,but also reduced the contents of TNF‐α,IL‐1βand MMP‐2/9 and increased TIMP‐2 .In addition ,berberine inhibited the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK/NF‐κB .Conclusion Berberine protects against periodontal tissue damage via decreasing MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expressions but increasing TIMP‐2 expression , which may be induced by inhibition of P38 MAPK/NF‐κB and the anti‐inflammatory effect on rat periodontitis .

Objective The predictive value of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) for mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Chinese population is unclear. The aim of this present study was to compare MetS with its individual components as predictors of mortality in Chinese elderly adults. Methods A cohort of 1,535 subjects (994 men and 541 women) aged 50 years or older was selected from employees of a machinery factory in 1994 and followed until 2009. Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) predicted by MetS according to the harmonized definition and by its individual components. Results The baseline prevalence of MetS was 28.0% in men and 48.4% in women. During a median follow-up of 15 years, 414 deaths occurred, of these, 153 participants died from CVD. Adjusted for age and gender, the HRs of mortality from all-cause and CVD in participants with MetS were 1.47 (95% confidence interval (CI): components. On evaluating the MetS components individually, we found that, independent of MetS, only hypertension and impaired glucose predicted higher mortality. Conclusions The number of positive MetS components seems no more informative than classifying (dichotomous) MetS for CVD risks assessment in this Chinese cohort.

BACKGROUND: The important pathological changes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is disruption of the lung alveolar-capillary membrane barrier and resultant pulmonary edema associated with a proteinaceous alveolar exudate. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are able to carry on dividing and renewing themselves, and can eventually develop into many other types of cells. This provides a new treatment for treating injury of lungs.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevention of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rabbit by BMSCs.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal study was performed at the Central Laboratory of Tangdu Hospital from October 2007 to January 2008.MATERIALS: A total of 20 rabbits were used in this study. Two rabbits were utilized to culture BMSCs. Eighteen rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups, saline control group, acute lung injury group and cell transplantation group (n = 6). Endotoxin was purchased from Sigma, USA.METHODS: Rabbit BMSCs were isolated and cultured by the Ficoll method. At the third passage, BMSCs were harvested for use.In the acute lung injury and call transplantation groups, endotoxin was infused into the trachea to establish models of acute lung injury/ARDS. Thirty minutes following model establishment, 2 mL BMSC suspension (1 x 105) was infused into the right jugular vein in the cell transplantation group. An equal volume of saline was injected into the saline control and acute lung injury groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of neutrophilic granulocyte, wet to dry weight ratio of lung tissue, protein content and pathological changes in lung tissue in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured.RESULTS: The increase in wet to dry weight ratio indicated the existence of pulmonary edema. The increase in neutrophilic granulocyte number suggested severe inflammatory reaction. The increased protein content showed the damage to lung alveolar-capillary membrane barrier. Following 48 hours of transplantation, neutrophilic granulocyte number and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and wet to dry weight ratio was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the acute lung injury group compared with the saline control group. Compared with the acute lung injury group,neutrophilic granulocyte number and protein content was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and wet to dry weight ratio was significantly diminished (P < 0.01) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the call transplantation group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining suggested that pulmonary alveoli was normal in the saline control group, presented typical acute lung injury in the acute lung injury group, and the pathological changes were mild in the cell transplantation group.CONCLUSION: BMSC transplantation can significantly reduce endotoxin-induced acute lung injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of cholinergic nerves in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced rat failing heart and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the heart tissue and serum.

METHODSAdult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into control (n=10) and DOX-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) groups (n=15), and in the latter group, the rats were given intraperitoneal injections of 2.5 mg/kg DOX once a week for 6 weeks, with a total cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg. The control rats were injected with normal saline (1 ml/week). Karnovsky-Roots histochemical staining combined with point counting was used to demonstrate the distribution of cholinergic nerves in the heart. The expression levels of TNF-α in the heart tissue and serum were determined with ELISA.

RESULTSPositively stained cholinergic nerves were found in all the rat hearts in the two groups, but in CHF group, the point counts of cholinergic nerves were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01). Compared with the control rats, those with DOX-induced CHF showed elevated levels of TNF-α both in the heart tissue and in the serum (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn rats with DOX-induced CHF, the parasympathetic nervous system is down-regulated in the failing heart, and the diminished cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway may play an important role in the progression of CHF.

Animals ; Cholinergic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cholinergic Fibers ; drug effects ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Heart ; drug effects ; innervation ; Heart Failure ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective: To investigate the relationship between body fat percentage (BF%) and high blood pressure among adolescents in Shanghai, and to provide basis for early prevention and intervention of cardcovascular diseases. Methods: By using stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 5 148 adolescent students in 16 schools from 16 districts of Shanghai were selected. Questionnaire survey and physical examination were performed. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body fat percentage. National Blood Pressure Reference for Chinese Han Children was used to define high blood pressure. And T test, chi-square test and Logistici regression were used to assess the relation between BF% with high blood pressure. Results: The prevalence of high blood pressure in 5 148 junior middle school students in Shanghai was 10.98%, with girls (13.13%) higher than boys (8.99%)(χ 2=22.48, P<0.01). The average total body fat percentage of male students was (20.90±10.73)%, which decreased with age (linear trend variance is 10.04, P<0.01). The average total body fat percentage of girls was (25.14±8.03)%, which increased with age (linear trend variance is 69.23, P<0.01). After adjusted for age, diet, exercise and other influencing factors, the prevalence of hypertension showed an increasing trend with the increase of body fat percentage for both boys and girls. The risk of high blood pressure in boys with BF%≥P 90 was 12.43 times higher than that in boys with BF%

Conclusion There was a positive correlation between body fat percentage and high blood pressure in adolescents. The prevalence of high blood pressure increased with the increase of body fat percentage, which was more obvious in boys.

Objective: To analyze the trends of smoking and drinking behaviors among adolescents in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019, and to provide theoretical evidence for effective tobacco and alcohol interventions among adolescents. Methods: Data regarding smoking and drinking behaviors from adolescent health risk behavior surveillance program in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019 were collected, and the prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, ever drinking and current drinking were comparatively analyzed. Results: The prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, ever drinking and current drinking among boys were significantly higher than those among girls in 2004 to 2019( χ 2=58.20-347.44, P <0.01). Except the prevalence of ever drinking in 2012, the prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, ever drinking and current drinking in vocational school students were the highest in each survey( χ 2=111.19-1 196.61, P <0.01). From 2004 to 2019, the standardized rates of smoking and drinking of boys and girls showed a downward trend ( APC =-6.20--1.80, P <0.05). The standardized ever smoking rate and the standardized ever drinking rate of both boys and girls declined significantly from 2004 to 2019（ APC=-5.00, -1.80, P ＜0.05）. The overall standardized rate of ever smoking decreased from 21.02% in 2004 to 12.23% in 2019, and that of ever drinking decreased from 60.52% in 2004 to 47.17 % in 2019）. However, the overall standardized rates of current smoking and current drinking did not reach statistically significance（ P >0.05）. Conclusion From 2014 to 2019,the prevalence of ever smoking and ever drinking among adolescents in Shanghai over the observed period showed a declining trend by years, but there was no significant change in current smoking and current drinking among adolescents. Specific interventions targeting on smoking and drinking behaviors among adolescents need to be strengthened.

Objective: To understand the prevalence and trend of diet related behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for developing appropriate health education strategies. Methods: Anonymous questionnaire surveys were conducted among 71 291 students selected by multi stage stratified cluster sampling method from junior high schools,senior high schools and vocational schools in Shanghai in the year of 2008,2012,2015,2017,2019. The questionnaire adopted was "Shanghai adolescent health related behavior questionnaire". Test for trend test were applied for the analysis of the prevalence of their dietary behaviors. Results: The proportion of middle school students nutritional status within the normal range in each survey year were 73.40 %, 72.60%, 68.06%, 68.73%, 67.53%, respectively, while the rate of overweight and obesity increased from 13.17% in 2008 to 23.73% in 2019. The proportion of "eating fried food" decreased significantly by year, from 12.05 % to 4.23% (male, APC=-7.94%, t =-4.33, female, APC= -9.29%, t=-7.71, P <0.05) respectively. And the proportion of "eating dessert" also decreased significantly by year, from 31.66% to 11.14% (male, APC=-8.41%, t =-6.37, female, APC=-8.67%, t=-6.96, P <0.05). In the five surveys, the percentages of healthy diet related behaviors of secondary school students were 12.81%-21.82%, no significant upward trend was observed in the whole( P >0.05). The proportion of diet-related behaviors of nutrition unbalance and easily leading to obesity decreased significantly from 35.47% to 17.00%(APC=-6.71%, t= -5.00 , P <0.05). The proportion of diet related behavior of nutrition unbalance and not easily leading to obesity increased significantly from 39.15% to 60.16%(APC=3.46%, t=6.18, P <0.05). Conclusion Overweight and obesity among secondary school students in Shanghai are increasing during the past decade, and the proportion of healthy dietary behaviors is low. The knowledge of rational diet should be publicized among these students in order to develop healthy dietary behaviors.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicine NAOAN capsule in primary prevention of stroke in high?risk populations. Methods A multicenter, randomized controlled study was performed in community setting, involving 1 088 individuals at high risk of stroke, with cerebrovascular function scores<75 and 10?year Framingham stroke risk ≥6%. Subjects were recruited in communities at Beijing, Shanghai, Changsha, and Chengdu communities, through resident committees or the village unit. A total of 559 subjects were randomized into a group treated with the NAOAN capsule, and 529 subjects in an aspirin treatment group. Follow?up was performed every 2 months for 2 years. At the mid?point and end of the intervention, we compared cerebrovascular function differences between the 2 groups. Results During the 2?year community trial, 531 subjects in the NAOAN capsule group and 465 in the aspirin group followed the protocol. Cerebrovascular function scores increased from 45.2±19.7 at baseline to 61.7±26.5 after the 2?year trial (t=－12.931, P<0.001) in the NAOAN capsule group, and from 47.2±18.9 at baseline to 53.7 ± 25.1 (t=－5.058, P<0.001) in the aspirin group; greater increases in cerebrovascular function scores were found in the NAOAN capsule group than that in the aspirin group (t=4.906, P<0.001). Conclusions Cerebrovascular function in individuals at high risk of stroke was improved by taking NAOAN capsule. Cerebrovascular function scores improved more with NAOAN capsules than with aspirin.

Background: The Lymphadenectomy in Ovarian Neoplasms (LION) study revealed that systemic lymphadenectomy did not bring survival benefit for advanced ovarian cancer patients with clinically normal lymph nodes and was associated with a higher incidence of operative complications. However, there is no consensus on whether lymphadenectomy has survival benefit or not in early epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods We designed the LOVE study, a multicenter, randomized controlled, phase III trial to compare the efficacy and safety of comprehensive staging surgery with or without lymphadenectomy in stages IA-IIB EOC and fallopian tube carcinomas (FTC). The hypothesis is that the oncological outcomes provided by comprehensive staging surgery without lymphadenectomy are non-inferior to those of conventional completion staging surgery in early-stage EOC and FTC patients who have indications for post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients assigned to experimental group will undergo comprehensive staging surgery, but lymphadenectomy. Patients assigned to comparative group will undergo completion staging surgery including systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. All subjects will receive 3–6 cycles of standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Major inclusion criteria are pathologic confirmed stage IA-IIB EOC or FTC, and patients have indications for adjuvant chemotherapy either confirmed by intraoperative fast frozen section or previous pathology after an incomplete staging surgery. Major exclusion criteria are non-epithelial tumors and low-grade serous carcinoma. Patients with severe rectum involvement which lead to partial rectum resection will be excluded. The sample size is 656 subjects. Primary endpoint is disease-free survival.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to assess the secular changes of BMI, prevalence rates of overweight and obesity as well as related factors in an elderly population of Beijing, during 2001 and 2010.

METHODSA two-round population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an elderly population, selected from a representative urban area in Beijing in 2001 (n = 2 277) and 2010 (n = 2 102) respectively.

RESULTSIn this population, the age-adjusted means on BMI were 25.3 (95%CI, 25.1-25.5) for men and 25.8 (95%CI, 25.5-25.9) for women in 2001, and 25.0 (95%CI, 24.8-25.1) and 25.0 (95%CI, 24.7-25.1) in 2010, respectively, which all significantly declined. According to the WHO criteria, related data were shown as follows:the age standardized prevalence rates of overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) were 48.3% among men and 46.3% among women in 2001, 44.5% and 39.9% for men and women in 2010 respectively; the age-standardized prevalence rates of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²)were 5.4% on men and 11.6% on women in 2001, but declined to 4.9% and 7.3% in 2010 respectively; the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were both significantly declined in women, but not in men. However, according to WGOC criteria, the age standardized prevalence rates on overweight (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²) were 47.9% in men and 44.9% in women in 2001, and were 47.2% and 41.0% respectively for men and women in 2010; the age-standardized prevalence rates of obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m²) were 19.2% in men and 24.2% in women in 2001, both significantly declined to 15.5% and 18.0% in 2010, respectively. Positive correlations were found between the levels of blood pressure, glucose and lipids and BMI. Results from multiple factors logistic regression analysis also indicated that healthy lifestyle including reducing cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and increasing daily exercises in the last 10 years, also played roles in the decrease of prevalence rates on both overweight and obesity.

CONCLUSIONThe mean BMI and prevalence rates of overweight and obesity decreased in the last 10-year period, 2001-2010. Hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia remained as risk factors of overweight and obesity. Healthy lifestyle in elderly seemed partially account for the declined BMI.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Urban Population