The peacekeeping area in Sudan belongs to the tropical rain forest climate with heavy rain water and large air humidity. The power supply by diesel engine is unsteady. The peacekeeping persons will be replaced every 8 months because of the demand of peacekeeping mission. Because of the above reasons, the dental instruments are easily damaged. According to the above three characteristics, the dental chair and accessories, dental X-ray system and steam sterilizer are effectively maintained to guarantee dental medical treatments in peacekeeping operation in Sudan.

Objective To evaluate the effect of immune fluorescence chromatography on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Methods The precision of immune fluorescence chromatography was evaluated with samples of 6.0% and 8.0% fixed value. Group of High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as control, HbA1c for 200 samples of EDTA-K2 anti-coagulated whole blood were detected by immune fluorescence chromatography to synchronous blinded trial. Results As to the precise of immune fluorescence chromatography in the samples of 6% and 8%, values of coefficient of variation were 5.1% and 5.3%, respectively. The linear regression equation of immune fluorescence chromatography and HPLC was Y=-0.110+1.021X and the correlation coefficient was 0.982. 6.0% and 8.0% as the cut-off value, kappa values were 0.950 (P < 0.001) and 0.922 (P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion Immune fluorescence chromatography and HPLC is consistent with detection of HbA1c, which can be used for clinical detection of HbA1c.

Objective To study the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of carboxylesterase 1 gene (CESI) and the susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATBDIH).Methods Genetic polymorphisms of CES1 in 473 tuberculosis patients with or without hepatotoxicity (200∶ 273) after antituberculosis chemotherapy were analyzed by PCR-MassArray.Results In4 tags of CES1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP),the frequency of the rs1968753 allele had statistical difference between the hepatotoxicity group and the no-hepatotoxicity group ( P =0.0236 ).The characteristics of anti-hepatotoxicity had been shown relationship with rs8192950 ( P =0.044,OR =0.649,95％ CI =0.426-0.989,AC/AA ) and rs1968753 ( P =0.048,OR =0.556,95％ CI =0.311-0.995,GG/AA).The diplotypes with ‘ CGC' haplotype exhibited significant protection against hepatotoxicity at one copy (P=0.048,OR=0.654,95％CI=0.430-0.996).Conclusions The genetic polymorphisms of CESI might have significant association with ATBDIH.SNP rs8192950 AC genotype and rs1968753 GG genotype might be the candidates for risk prediction of ATBDIH.

Objective To study the correlation between genetic polymorphisms of interleukin (IL)-1A/1B and susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB).Methods Genetic polymorphisms of IL-1A and IL1 B in 1032 TB patients and 1008 non-TB patients were analyzed using PCR-MassARRAY method.The correlation between genetic polymorphisms of IL-1A/1B and susceptibility to TB was statistically analyzed.Results Two tag SNPs of IL-1A and three tag SNPs of IL-1B were screened for the study.There were differences in the allele frequencies of rs2853550 and rs3783526 between TB group and non-TB group (P=0.047and P =0.034,respectively).IL-1 B SNP1 rs2853550 (P =0.025,OR =1.302,95 ％ CI =1.034-1.640,TC vs.CC) was found to be highly associated with TB,while the other SNPs showed no significant correlations with TB.Furthermore,IL-1B SNP1 rs2853550 [P=0.019,OR=1.308,95％ CI=1.045-1.638 for (TC+TT) vs.CC] in the dominant model conferred significant risk for TB,but IL-1A SNP2 rs3783526 [P=0.000,OR=0.764,95％ CI =0.591-0.988 for GG vs.(AA+GA)] in the recessive model showed protective effects against TB.The haplotype ‘TG’ in the IL-1B block showed a higher risk for TB compared with the common ‘ CA’ haplotype (P=0.032,OR=1.265,95％ CI=1.020-1.567).The diplotypes containing ‘ GA’ haplotype in IL-1A block and ‘ TG’ haplotype in IL-1B block were major risk factors for TB (for onecopy,adjusted P=0.014,OR=1.403 and 95％ CI=1.072-1.836; adjusted P=0.013,OR=1.339 and 95％ CI=1.063-1.688,respectively),but the diplotype with ‘CG’ in IL-1B block played a protective effect against TB (for two-copy,P=0.006,OR=0.664 and95％ CI=0.494-0.891).Conclusion The genetic polymorphisms of IL-1B rs2853550 might be closely associated with TB,but the GG genotype of IL1 A SNP rs3783526 might have the characteristic of anti-TB.

0.05).Conclusions There are no significant preoperative gut mucosal barrier function damages in patients with 1 d and 3 d bowel preparation for colorectal carcinoma surgery,1 d bowel preparation for colorectal carcinoma surgery can be performed in colorectal carcinoma patients,and 3 d bowel preparation can be used for certain special colorectal carcinoma patients.

Objective To explore the characteristics of cesarean scars pregnancy(CSP)and discuss differ-ent therapeutic methods and clinical outcomes. Methods Clinical data of 96 cases of CSP were collected from Sep-tember 2013 to October 2016 and patients′ clinical features,intra-operative findings,β-HCG,vaginal bleeding duration,hospital stay and cost and effects of different treatments were recorded and analyzed. Results The types of CSP were the determinant of lesion resection ,followed by the tumor size and blood β-HCG levels. The cases of uterine lesion resection and general uterine curettage with UAE had less blood loss than those without UAE. The cases of uterine lesion resection had short hospital stay and those with general uterine curettage had longer vaginal bleeding duration. Conclusion TVCD and MRI have important values in the diagnosis of CSP. During the treatment of CSP,personalized treatment planning,early diagnosis and treatment exert influence on reducing complications.

From November 2003 to May 2010, intrathecal drug delivery system (IDDS) was implanted in 18 patients with chronic intractable pain. Analgesia was provided with morphine. Thirteen patients suffered from late stage cancer and 5 from diseases other than cancer. VAS score was used to measure intensity of pain in all 18patients. QLQ-C30 score was used to evaluate quality of life in cancer patients. The patients were followed up for 3-62 months in 5 non-cancer patients. All 13 cancer patients died at 57 days-10 months after operation. VAS scores were significantly decreased and QLQ-C30 scores increased by intrathecal administration of morphine. Side effects developed in all patients to some extent including nausea, vomiting, constipation, urinary retention, pruritus and over-sedation and vanished in a week. Intrathecal catheter was cut while being pulled out of the needle in 1 patient. Two patients developed low intracranial pressure after operation. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 1 patient. One patient developed neuropathic pain in the posterolateral side of right leg.

Seventy-four patients aged 26-63 yr who had suffered cervicogenic headache for 3 months-21 yr were treated with puked radiofrequency applied to C2 dorsal root ganglion, which is located in the middle of the posterior side of lateral atlantoaxial joint. A trochar was introduced percutaneously under the guidance of X-ray aiming at the target point. As it was inserted through the deep fascia, the stylet was withdrawn and a 10 cm long 22 gauge curved blunt electrode was inserted into the trochar and advanced until the patients felt radiating pain from the point of puncture to occiput. Lateral radiograph was obtained to verify the placement of electrode. The tip of the electrode was usually located in front of spinal canal at the atlantoaxial joint level. Sensory stimulation was performed with 50 Hz and 0.1-0.5 V and the patients could feel radiating pain at occiput. Motor stimulation was performed with 2 Hz and 0.4-1.0 V and regular pulsation of the patient's muscle of occiput could occur. Pulsed radiofrequency was applied at 42 ℃7 for 240 s and was performed twice on each side. VAS scores and disturbances of daily activity, mood and sleep were recorded before operation and at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months after pulsed radiofrequency treatment. Complications and recurrence within 12 and 18 months were recorded. Follow-up was lost in 22 patients. VAS scores and disturbances of daily activity, mood and sleep significantly decreased after procedure. All of the patients responded without complications like infection, spinal cord and vertebral artery injury. Some patients had transient occipital neuralgia which was usually relieved within 24 h. The recurrence rate in 12 and 18 months after operation was 19% and 31% respectively.

OBJECTIVETo explore the safety and efficacy of Shaobei injection in the management of I(-II( degree rectal prolapse.

METHODSA total of 80 patients eligible for the inclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups: 40 patients in the treatment group (treated with Shaobei injection) and 40 cases in the control group (treated with Xiaozhiling) respectively. The short-term efficacy was identified by the length of rectal prolapse and the depth of rectocele demonstrated by the defecography while the long-term efficacy was evaluated by the length of rectal prolapse. In addition, the safety was assessed by the occurrence of postoperative complications.

RESULTSThe variation of the lengths of rectal prolapse and the depth of rectocele demonstrated by the defecography at the sixth month follow up in the two groups did not reach significant difference (P>0.05). After 2 year follow up, 37 patients (92.5%) in the treatment group and 35 cases(87.5%) in the control group was cured. Therefore, there was no significant difference in the long term efficacy between the two groups (P>0.05). The adverse events in the therapy group(10%) was less than that in the control group (45%)(P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSShaobei injection in the management of I(-II( degree rectal prolapse has a similar efficacy of short-term and long-term higher safety compared to Xiaozhiling injection.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the purification technology of total saponins from Asparagus cochinchinensis with macro-reticular resin. METHODS:Using content of total saponins from A. cochinchinensis as index,single factor test was used to investi-gate the macroreticular resin model,sampling adsorption time,mass concentration of the column,adsorption capacity,volume frac-tion and the amount of elution solvent,elution rate,and optimize the purification technology. And verification test was conducted. RESULTS:HPD-300 macroreticular resin showed strong absorption and desorption property. The optimal purification technology was that sampling adsorption time was 60 min,mass concentration of sample liquid was 0.1 g/mL,adsorption capacity was 120 mL(15 BV),it was eluded with 60% ethanol solution with 3 BV and elution rate was 4 BV/h. In the verification test,the average desorption rate of total saponins was 68.30%(RSD=0.95%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:Optimized purification technology is sta-ble,feasible,and can easily separate and purify the total saponins from A. cochinchinensis.