Objective To explore the role of CD4+ CDhigh25 regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CAP/CPPS).Methods The percentage of CD4+ CD+25 and CD4+ CDhigh25 regulatory T cells was detected by flow cytometry from 45 CAP/CPPS pa-tients and 18 normal controls.The levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in serum and seminal plasma were measured by ELISA in the same cohort.Results There was no significant difference in the percentage of peripheral blood CD4+CD+25 and CD4+Cdhigh+ cells between CAP/CPPS patients and normal control (P>0.05).The ser-CD4+CD+25 and CD4+Cdhigh+ cells between CAP/CPPS patients and normal control (P>0.05>.The ser-um levels of TGF-β1 in patients with CAP/CPPS were markedly lower than those in controls (P<0.05),serum TNF-α and seminal plasma IL-6,TGF-β1 and TNF-α in CAP/CPPS patients were markedly higher than those in controls (P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between the IL-6 and the NIH-CPSI.There was also a positive correlation between the IL-10 and the pain index.In ad-dition,the percentage of peripheral blood CD+4CDhigh25 cells was positively correlated with serum TGF-β1.But the percentage of CD+4CDhigh25 cells had no correlation with ages,duration of CAP/CPPS pa-tients,NIH-CPSI and the other cytokines.Conclusions The defective function of peripheral blood CD+4CD+25 regulatory T cells may be related with the pathogenesis of CAP/CPPS.The cytokines may also play an important role in the process of pathogenesis of CAP/CPPS.

AIM: To explore the neuroprotective action of progesterone(PROG), which has been proved to be a "neuroactive steroid". METHODS: The model of focal cerebral ischemia was established in rats by reverserble inserting a nylon thread with a diameter of 0.2 mm into the anterior cerebral artery through the internal carotid artery. The effect of PROG was assessed by determining water,sodium, potassium, and calcium contents in striatum of rats subjected to 2 h ischemia followed by 22 h reperfusion. RESULTS: The water,sodium,and calcium contents of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) striatum were obviously higher,the potassium content was obviously lower than those of non-MCAO striatum in I/R and DMSO groups,but there was no significant difference between these two groups.Compared with the result in I/R and DMSO groups , water, sodium and calcium contents significantly decreased, but potassium(P0.05). CONCLUSION: Treatment with PROG can significantly reduce the striatal injury of rats with cerebral ischmia-reperfusion.

Objective To analyze the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion.Methods The clinical data of 95 patients with testicular torsion admitted from March 2001 to April 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The age of patients ranged from 13 to 42 years (mean 19.6 years).Among 95 patients,91 cases had essential clinical symptoms of scrotal pain;1 case reported the right testicular enlargement without pain,and 3 cases presented with left inguinal mass.Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) was performed in 91 patients,reduction or loss of blood flow signals were detected in 88 cases,and normal blood flow signals were presented in 3 cases.The diagnosis of testicular torsion was confirmed by CDFI in 91 cases before surgery,and 4 cases were diagnosed by medical history and physical examination.The duration from onset to surgery was ＜ 5 h in 10 cases,5-10 h in 25 cases,and ＞ 10 h in 60 cases.All the patients received operation,92 cases were diagnosed as testicular torsion in scrotum and 3 cases as cryptorchidism torsion after surgery.Among 92 cases of testicular torsion in scrotum,twisted testicles were removed in 41 cases and the testicles were retained in 51 cases;while testicles were removed in 1 case of cryptorchidism torsion,and the testicles were fixed in the scrotum in other 2 cases of cryptorchidism.Sixty eight patients were postoperatively followed-up for 1 month to 15 years,the retained necrotic testis atrophy occurred in 1 case,and the testicular size was normal in other 67 cases.In the 68 cases,there was no testicular discomfort and no testicular torsion after operation.Conclusions CDFI is valuable in preoperative diagnosis of testicular tortion.Once the diagnosis is made,it should be operated as soon as possible to retain the testicular function,and the affected testicle should be retained with caution for cryptorchidism torsion.

Summary: The expression of calcium epithelium TRPV5, alcium binding protein Calbindin-D28k and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCX1 was detected in renal distal convoluted tubule, and their effects on urine calcium reabsorption and the possible pathogenic mechanism in idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) were investigated. Genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rats were chosen as animal models to study urine calcium reabsorption and IH. The cognate female and male rats that had maximal urine calcium were matched to breed next generation. Twelve GHS rats and 12 normal control (NC) SD rats were selected. Western blot and real time quantitative PCR were used to detect the protein and gene expression of TRPV5, Calbindin-D28k and NCX1 respectively. The expression levels of TRPV5 protein and mRNA in GHS rats were significantly lower than in NC rats (P<0.05). Western blot revealed that the expression levels of Caibindin-D28k in GHS rats and NC rats were 0.49±0.02 and 0.20±0.01 respectively, with the difference being significant between them (P<0.05). By using real time quantitative PCR, it was found that there was no significant difference in Calbindin-28k mRNA expression levels between GHS rats and NC rats (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the NCX1 expression between GHS rats and NC rats (P0.05). It was suggested that TRPV5 and Caibindin-D28k might play an important role in urine calcium reabsorption and IH, but they differently contributed to the pathogenesis: The down-regulation of TRPV5 decreases urine calcium reabsorption, directly leading to loss of the urine calcium and resulting in hypercalciuria, and the increased Calbindin-D28k expression could relieve, neutralize and decrease intracellular Ca2+ concentration to maintain calcium balance. NCX1 is not the key protein in urine calcium reabsorption.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of one-stage thinning of latissimus dorsi muscle, rectus abdominis muscle and gracilis flap in reconstruction of the hand and foot defects. Methods: From June 2009 to April 2015, 24 free muscle flaps were thinned during transfer operation by removing their superficial muscle layers on the basis of their vessel pedicles running in the deep surface of flaps. The surface of the muscle flaps were covered by split-thickness skin grafts. There were 16 latissimus dorsi muscle flaps, 4 gracilis flaps and 4 rectus abdominis muscle flaps. Flap size ranged from 6 cm×4 cm to 20 cm×12 cm. Thinned muscle flaps were used to resurface 7 hand defects and 17 foot defects. Results: All muscle flaps survived the thinning procedures without any circulation problems except for one case which suffered total flap necrosis due to venous thrombosis. Skins grafts on muscle flaps also took well. One patient experienced partial skin loss. Two patients underwent secondary debridement and thinning procedure for infection and bulkiness. During the 0.3-20 months follow-up, the contour of thinned muscle flaps matched well with the recipient areas. Reconstructed feet are able to wear regular shoes. Conclusions Intraoperative immediate thinning of free muscle flaps can be safely accomplished during the primary reconstruction procedure. This procedure prevents the limitations of muscle flap bulkiness and may provide an alternative for surface coverage.

ObjectiveTo establish a GC-MS method for the detection of 9 halogenated alkanes in toothpastes. MethodsVarious brands of toothpastes on the market were collected as the samples. Methanol was used as the extraction solution. After shaking， vortex and centrifugation， the supernatant was filtered by 0.45 μm microporous filter membrane. The content of 9 halogenated alkanes including chloromethane， dichloromethane， chloroform， 1，1，1-trichloroethane， carbon tetrachloride， 1，2-dichloroethane， 1，1，2-trichloroethane， 1，2-dibromoethane， 1，2，3-trichloropropane in the filtrate were determined by GC-MS. ResultsThe 9 halogenated alkanes showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.03‒1.00 μg·mL^-1. The correlation coefficient was ≥0.998 7 with the detection limits of 0.015‒0.056 mg·kg^-1. The spiked recoveries were 83.2%‒108.9% with the RSD of 2.0%‒9.8%. In the actual sample analysis， 1，1，2-trichloroethane and 1，2，3-trichloropropane were respectively detected in 6 toothpaste samples from 5 brands. ConclusionThe method is simple， sensitive， accurate， and has good spiked recoveries. It can be used for the determination of halogenated alkanes in toothpastes.

Objective: The incidence of complications after skin soft tissue expansion is relatively high. Occurrence of infection often means the expander has to be taken out ahead of schedule. In this retrospective study, we wanted to identify independent risk factors of infection after skin soft tissue expansion, which could be helpful to guide clinical work. Methods: Demographic information of patients who underwent the skin soft tissue expansion at the department of plastic surgery of Xijing Hospital from January 2003 to December 2012 was collected. Univariate associations with infection were measured by logistic regression and represented as odds ratios. The p-value less than 0.1 was identified the potential risk factor. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for risk factors of infection. Independent risk factors were identified if the p-value was less than 0.05. Results: A total of 3382 implants were included in the study. The overall infection rate of tissue expansion was 5.2% in 177 implants. The result of multivariate logistic regression showed that preoperative white blood cell count, age, numbers of expander implanted and volume of expander were independent risk factors of infection. Conclusions Independent risk factors of infection were preoperative white blood cell count, age, numbers of expander implanted and volume of expander. The lower preoperative white blood cell count, age more than 18 years old, more numbers of expander implanted and the bigger volume of the expander, the higher possibility of complications occurred. The result was helpful to guide clinical work and reduce the incidence of infection.

Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.