Objective To investigate the effects of 2-methoxyl estradiol(2-ME)on the expression of L-selectin and its mRNA and the relationship between L-selectin and bcr/abl fusion gene expression in chronic myelocytic leukemia(CML)K562 cells.Methods The cultured K562 cells were divided into three groups.The control group,K562 cells were cultured without 2-ME treatment.The experimental group,K562 cells were cultured in the medium containing different concentrations of 2-ME(1,2,4,8 and 16?mol/L)for 36h.The negative control group,K562 cells were replaced by water without RNase in the medium containing different concentrations of 2-ME for 36h.The expression of L-selectin protein in K562 cells was determined by flow cytometry(FCM)method.The expression of L-selectin mRNA in K562 cells was detected by half-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The bcr/abl fusion gene expression in K562 cells was detected by quantitative SYBR Green Ⅰ real-time RT-PCR.Results After being treated with 2-ME at different concentrations for 36 hours,the expression of L-selectin protein and its mRNA increased in K562 cells in a concentration-dependent manner,and the expression level in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P

Purpose:To study the pathological and clinical characteristics of different subtypes of cyst-associated renal cell carcinoma and summarize the experience in diagnosis and therapy. Methods:39 cases with cyst-associated renal cell carcinoma underwent urological operations in our hospital from 1991 to 2000. Their medical data were analyzed and then divided into different subtype according to pathological characteristics. Results:The data included 2 patients with renal cell carcinoma on the background of polycystic kidney, 20 cases with renal cell carcinoma originating in a cyst and 17 cases with cystic renal cell carcinoma.3 patients underwent partial nephrectomy and 36 cases unilateral radical nephrectomy.16 patients were Robson stage Ⅰ and 23 were RobsonⅡstage.The pathological diagnosis was 38 cases of clear cell carcinoma and one of chromophobe cell carcinoma. The survival rates at 1,3,5 years are 100%、100%、94.8%(37/39) respectively after follow-up. Conclusions:The cases with renal cyst need periodical health check-up.Most of cyst-associated renal cell carcinomas belong to low stages. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and selective digital subtraction angiography of renal artery are the main methods for preoperative clinical diagnosis. The long-term effect of operations of cyst-associated renal cell carcinoma is better.

Background and purpose:Regular physical exam became the main means to discover the population with early stage RCC. So far, there have been no reports with large sample that have been published about the biomarkers as predictor for the metastasis of the postoperative patients with stage T_(1-3)N_0M_0 (RCC) in China. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of metastasis of RCC is not clear. This research was carried out in order to study the correlation between delayed metastasis of early stage renal cell carcinoma after surgical operation and expressions of KAI-1、Ki-67 and HER-2/neu on RCC. Methods:Two hundred and forty-one patients with RCC underwent surgical operations and were pathologically diagnosed as T_(1-3)N_0M_0 stage. Twenty-four patients were found to have metastases after long-term follow-up and their clinical data were reviewed (metastasis group). One hundred and ninety-four patients without postoperative metastases were taken as control group. Twenty three patients were excluded from this study because they were lost to follow-up. The expressions of KAI1、 Ki-67 and HER-2/neu in the samples of the two groups were tested with immunohistochemical staining by PowerVision or EnVision two-step procedure. Significant difference was calculated with Chi square test.Results:The positive expression rates of KAI1、HER-2/neu and Ki-67 in 218 RCC were 82.6%、27.5% and 83.5%, respectively. Both mild (20.8%) and strong positive rates (4.2%) of KAI1 in metastasis group were dramatically less than that in control group (90.2%, 73.7%, P

Aim To investigate the modulation effects of NaHS on arterial vasodilatation functions of renal hy-pertensive rats .Methods Two-kidney , one-c lip ( 2K1C ) renovascular hypertension was induced .Rats were randomly divided into four group:sham group , two-kidney one-clip model ( 2K1C ) group, 2KIC +NaSH( H2 S donor ) group, PPG group.The systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) was measured before the opera-tion and each week after the operation .The carotid ar-tery was collected for morphometric parameters ( outer radius, wall thickness, the radio of wall thickness to outer radius) and the tension of the carotid artery was observed with the isolated artery ring technique .Immu-nohistochemistry was used to determine the protein ex-pression of eNOS , ET-1 protein in carotid artery .Re-sults The blood pressure of 2K1C group and PPG group was higher than that of sham group ( P<0.05) . Compared with 2K1C group,the blood pressure and the rat arteria carotis communis of the radio of wall thick-ness to outer radius of 2K1C+NaHS group decreased significantly , while the relaxation of carotid artery to ACh in NaHS group increased .According to the immu-nohistochemistry results , eNOS expression was upregu-lated while ET-1 was downregulated in 2K1C +NaHS group as compared with 2K1C group.Conclusions Chronical administration of NaHS can decrease blood pressure in renovasocular hypertensive rats .The anti-hypertensive effect of H 2 S maybe associated with im-provement of the arterial functions .

Background and purpose: Systemic reports about the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of stage T_(1-3a)N_0M_0 combined with inflammatory enlargement of hilar lymph nodes have not been observed in the literature. This study was to investigate the prognostic role of inflammatory enlargement of hilar lymph nodes in the patients with RCC of stage T_(1-3a)N_0M_0 and its association with clinical features. Methods; Forty-nine patients with RCC of stage T_(1-3a)N_0M_0 combined with inflammatory enlargement of hilar lymph nodes were reviewed and all these patients underwent radical nephrectomy from January 1995 to January 2000. Results: The duration of follow-up was 8-14 years with the average of 7.5 years. Seven patients were lost to follow-up. Seventeen patients without RCC and four with RCC metastases are alive at present. Eighteen patients died of RCC relatad complications and three died of cerebro-cardiovascular disease. Metastases occurred in twenty-two patients one year after surgery. The 5- and 10- year survival rates were 53.1% and 42.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Most of the enlarged hilar lymph nodes in RCC were diagnosed as lymphadenitis. The rate of inflammatory enlargement of hilar lymph nodes in the long-term survival patients with RCC of stage T_(1-3a)N_0M_0 were comparatively low. Regional lymphadenectomy or resection of enlarged inflammatory lymph nodes could not protect the patients from metastasis completely. It is advised that limited lymphadenectomy with resection of enlarged inflammatory lymph nodes should be performed for the patients in RCC combined only with inflammatory enlargement of hilar lymph nodes.

Objective To review and discuss the changes of diagnostic techniques and therapeutic modalities of pheochromocytoma during the past fifty years. Methods The clinical data of 362 patients (196 men and 166 women; age range,7-75 years;mean age,38 years) with pheochromocytoma from January 1955 to July 2004 were retrospectively analyzed.The disease course ranged from 20 d to 20 years with a mean of 3.9 years.According to the premedication,the past 50-year period was divided into 3 stages;and the diagnostic techniques,premedication, anesthetic skills,surgical procedures and perioperative death rate were compared among the 3 stages. Results There were 60 patients in the first stage (1955-1975) and their diagnoses were made on urine VMA and retroperitoneal air-contrast imaging.They had no premedication except for tranquilizers.The therapeutic modality was open surgery of resecting tumors under peridural anesthesia.The perioperative mortality was 8.3% (5/60).The second stage (1976-1994) included 105 patients and they were diagnosed mainly by 24-h urine catecholamine, ultrasonography and CT.Phenoxybenzamine was taken as the regular premedication and open surgery general anesthesia was used; the mortality decreased significantly to 1.0% (1/105).The third stage (1995-2004) consisted of 197 cases.In addition to 24-h urine catecholamine,ultrasonography and CT, 131I-MIBG scan was used as the specific diagnostic technique for pheochromocytoma widely.The premedication was phenoxybenzamine and urapidil.The microcirculation imaging analysis was used to judge the volume expansion preparation. Laparoscopic resection of the tumor under general anesthesia was adopted as the regular means.The perioperative mortality was 0.5% (1/197). Conclusions The diagnostic techniques for pheochromocytoma have become enriched and mature.The premedication has been standardized and included more medicines.The microinvasive surgery has become the current method for resecting tumors,and the perioperative mortality has become significantly decreased.

Objective To investigate the effects of 2-methoxyestradiol( 2-ME) on apoptosis of K562 cells and its mechanisms. Methods The K562 cells were cultured and divided into three groups. The control group: K562 cells were cultured without 2-ME treatment. The experimental group: K562 cells were cultured in the medium containing different concentrations of 2-ME (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 μmol/L) for 36 h. The negative control group: K562 cells were replaced by water without RNase in the medium containing different concentrations of 2-ME for 36 h. The apoptosis rate, the protein and its mRNA expression of Caspase-3 and XIAP, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of K562 cells wasdetected by TUNEL, flow cytometry (FCM), half-quantitative RT-PCR and xanthenes oxidized enzyme assay,respectively. Results After treated with 2-ME at different concentrations for 36 hours, in the specified concentration range, 2-ME induced apoptosis of K562 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The possible functional mechanism of 2-ME was to up-regulate Caspase-3 but down-regulate XIAP mRNA expression, and increase ROS activity but decrease SOD activity. Conclusion 2-ME can induce apoptosis of K562 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and indicate its promising potential in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) patients.

Background and purpose:Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has been one of the surgery options for patients with single renal carcinoma of T1 stage. Under the effect of some factors, intraoperative renal blood lfow clamping somtimes exceeds the safe limit of 30 minutes of warm ischemia time (WIT) for renal tissues, that might results in warm ischemia-reperfusion injury to severe extent. However, there still remains controversy about the depth of this warm ischemia-reperfusion injury. So this study aimed to evaluate the effects of longer WIT on ipsilateral residual renal tissues. Methods:Forty-four patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy from Jan. 2012 to Jan. 2014. All of them were divided into observe group (WIT>30 min) and control group (WIT≤30 min). The differences of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of operative kidney Pre- and post-operatively between two groups were analyzed. Results: The pre- and post-operative GFRs of operative kidney in observe group were 29.3-53.0 mL/min[(33.1±5.2) mL/min], 23.1-40.5 mL/min[(27.3±5.9) mL/min] respectively (P=0.054). The pre-and post-operative GFRs of operative kidney in control group were 27.4-49.6 mL/min[(32.3±4.1) mL/min], 23.8-44.4 mL/min[(29.1±5.0) mL/min], respectively (P=0.07). There was no statistically differences of the depth of the decrease of GFRs after surgery between the two groups (P=0.051). Conclusion: WIT of 30-60 min does not result in statistically signiifcant injury for ipsilateral residual renal function. However, it is still necessary to reserve more ipsilateral residual renal function through minimizing WIT under the premise of ensuring the safety of surgery.

Objective:To detect the value of utilizing bpMRI in prostate biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer with PSA≤20ng/ml.Methods:The clinical data of 394 patients who underwent prostate biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from November 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Of all the patients, 177 underwent modified systematic biopsy, named TRUS group, 217 patients accepted pre-biopsy bpMRI examination, undergoing modified systematic biopsy if Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score < 3 or MRI-TRUS cognitive fusion targeted prostate + systematic biopsy if PI-RADS score ≥ 3, named MRI group. The median age of TRUS group was 66 (61, 74) years old, prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 9.52 (7.26, 12.30) ng / ml, and prostate volume (PV) was 36.84 (28.95, 57.72)ml. The median age of MRI group was 66 (59, 72) years old, PSA was 8.84 (6.65, 12.16) ng/ml, and PV was 39.45 (29.25, 58.69)ml. There was no difference in above parameters between the two groups. The χ 2 test was used to compare the detection rate of prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPCa) between the two groups. Results:There was no significant difference in the detection rates of prostate cancer between TRUS group and MRI group [51.41% (91/177) vs. 48.39% (105/ 217), P = 0.550], but the detection rates of CsPCa were significantly different [26.55% (47/177) vs. 36.41% (79/217), P = 0.037]. In patients with PSA ≤ 10 ng / ml, there was no significant difference in the detection rates of prostate cancer between the two groups [43.62% (41/94) vs. 43.08% (56/130), P = 0.936], but there was a significant difference in the detection rates of CsPCa [17.02% (16/94) vs. 28.46% (37/130), P = 0.047]. There was no significant difference in the detection rates of prostate cancer [60.24% (50/83) and 56.17% (48/87), P= 0.504] and the detection rates of CsPCa [37.35% (31/83) vs. 48.28% (42/87), P = 0.150] between the two groups. The total detection rates of the last two needles in TRUS group and MRI group were 23.16% (41/177) and 36.63% (86/217), respectively, with significant difference ( P=0.001); the detection rates of CsPCa in the last two needles were 11.86% (26/177) and 29.03% (63/ 217), respectively, with significant difference ( P < 0.001). In MRI group, the detection rates of prostate cancer in patients with PI-RADS score <3, 3, 4, 5 were 21.21% (7/33), 25.84% (23/89), 73.24% (52/71), 95.83% (23/24), respectively; the detection rates of CsPCa were 12.12% (4/33), 17.98% (16/89), 54.93% (39/71), 83.33% (23/24), respectively. Conclusions:In patients with PSA ≤ 20 ng / ml, prostate biopsy based on bpMRI may improve the detection of CsPCa, especially in patients with PSA ≤ 10 ng/ml.

Background The pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been widely studied,and several biomarkers are known to play roles in its development.This study aimed to investigate the possible role of cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),androgen receptor (AR),interleukin-6 (IL-6),cytochrome c,caspase-3,and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the clinical progression of BPH.Methods Tissue specimens from 96 BPH cases who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate were processed and transferred to tissue microarrays.Patient age,prostate volume,serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level,and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of all BPH cases were collected before surgery.The expression of CYR61,VEGF,AR,IL-6,cytochrome c,caspase-3,and PCNA was examined by immunostaining in the BPH specimens,and any possible correlation between the different biomarkers and risk factors for BPH clinical progression was analyzed.Results The expression of CYR61,VEGF,AR,IL-6,cytochrome c,caspase-3,and PCNA in the BPH cases was 68.8％ (66/96),77.1％ (74/96),43.8％ (42/96),31.3％ (30/96),35.4％ (34/96),56.3％ (54/96),and 29.2％ (28/96),respectively.The expression of both CYR61 and VEGF was positively correlated with patient age,prostate volume,and serum PSA level (P ＜0.05).Furthermore,cytochrome c and caspase-3 expression were inversely related to prostate volume (P ＜0.05),and AR expression was positively related to serum PSA level (P ＜0.05).Conclusion CYR61 and VEGF expression might serve as biomarkers for predicting the clinical progression of BPH due to effects on stromal cell proliferation and angiogenesis.