Objective To investigate the application value of CT/MR image fusing in gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Twenty-nine patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to be treated with radical surgery underwent routine CT scanning,MR T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) before surgery.Diffusion-sensitive gradient b values were taken at 400,600,and 800 s/mm2.GTVs were delineated on the CT image,CT/ MR T2WI,and CT/MR DWI respectively.The MR T2W1 image was used as the intermediary for the fusion of the CT image and MR DWI image.The length of GTVs measured under different imaging conditions were compared with the length of the resected specimen of esophagus.Results The GTV length was (44.94 ± 18.46) and (45.05 ±21.47) mm on the CT images and CT/MR T2WI images respectively.When the b values were 400,600,and 800 s/mm2,the esophageal carcinoma GTV length on CT/MR DWI images was (42.12 ± 17.79),(41.18 ± 17.17) and (39.77 ± 17.66) mm,respectively.The coefficient between the esophageal carcinoma GTV lengths on CT/MR DWI images and the pathological lesion lengths was 0.928,0.926 and 0.927 respectively.Conclusions CT/MR DWI images displays esophageal carcinoma GTV length more accurately,thus guiding the delineation of GTV effectively.

Objective To evaluate the hematological toxicity of craniospinal irradiation,and determine the short-term clinical efficacy and prognostic factors in medulloblastoma.Methods Eightseven patients who underwent craniospinal irradiation were retrospectively analyzed with respect to the changes in hematology during craniospinal irradiation.The effect of sex,age,tumor location,interval between surgery and radiation,interval time during radiation and radiation sequence on survival were also studied.Results The 1,2,3-year overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS) rate were 95.0％,92.4％,84.9％ and 93.7％,89.8％,80.8％,respectively.The incidence of 2-3 grade leucopenia was 90.8％,while the incidence of 1-2 grade thrombocytopenia was 70.1％,and the incidence of 3 grade thrombocytopenia was 1.1％.The incidence of 1-2 grade hemoglobin reduction was 16.1％.No patient had grade 3-4 hemoglobin reduction.Kaplan-Meier analysis shows that more favorable prognoses in terms of 3-year PFS were evident for 0-1 grade thrombocytopenia compared with 2-4 grade thrombocytopenia (x2 =3.936,P ＜ 0.05).And 3-year PFS and 3-year OS were evident for 0 grade hemoglobin reduction compared with 1-4 grade hemoglobin reduction (x2 =10.269,9.336,P ＜ 0.05).The 3-year PFS between interval time during radiation ＜ 3 days and ≥ 3 days was 84.6％ and 68.6％ (x2 =4.413,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Hematological toxicity during craniospinal irradiation and the interval time during radiation were prognostic factors.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors and treatment results of intracranial ependymomas (EPs).Methods Thirty-one intracranial EPs patients who received postoperative radiotherapy in Beijing Shijitan Hospital between January 2009 and June 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Twenty-two males and 9 females had an average age of 18 years (range 3-60 years).Seventeen patients received gross total resection (GTR) while fourteen received subtotal resection (STR).Median total radiation dose was 53.9 Gy (48.6-60 Gy).The three-year and five-year progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.Univariate analysis was performed using eight clinical and dosimetric factors by Log-Rank testing.Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the independent prognostic factors correlated to EPs.Results The median time of follow-up was 51 months.At the endpoint of the follow-up period,7 patients experienced tumor recurrence:5 had a local recurrence (LR) and 2 had both LR and distant recurrence.Six patients died,4 of which had cases of pediatric infratentorial anaplastic EPs.The three and five-year progress-free survival (PFS) were 80.6％ and 75.9％.Overall survival (OS) at three-year and five-year were 83.9％ and 76.2％,respectively.Univariate analysis showed a more favorable prognoses in terms of three-year PFS,five-year PFS and OS for GTR compared to STR (x2 =4.685,6.311,4.238,P ＜ 0.05).Besides,a more favourable univariate outcome in terms of five-year PFS was evident in patients when the total radiotherapy dose was ＞ 55 Gy compared to ≤55 Gy (x2 =4.210,P ＜ 0.05),and no severe radiotherapy complications occurred.Conclusions Surgery is the major treatment method,while adjuvant radiotherapy is important for subtotal resection and anaplastic EPs patients.Surgical resection and radiotherapy dose were relevant to prognosis.

objective:To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of pinealoblastoma in children. Methods:The clinical data of 10 patients with pinealoblastoma were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were admitted to the Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University from December 2011 to December 2015. Results:This study included 10 patients, with 8 males and 2 females, with a median age of 7 years. Of the 10 patients, 5 underwent gross total resection and 5 underwent sub-total resection. The 10 patients were exposed to craniospinal irradiation after surgery. The median doses of craniospinal irradiation and tumor bed were 30.6 (25.5-36) Gy and 55.8 (50.4-60) Gy, respectively. Of the 10 patients, 4 underwent chemotherapy 1 month af-ter radiotherapy. The median follow-up period was 16.5 (1.5-49) months. The 10 patients survived. No local and distant recurrences were observed. Conclusion:Pinealoblastomas are rare, malignant, and pineal regional lesions that can metastasize along the neuroax-is. Surgery combined with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be applied to patients with pinealoblastoma. Prognosis is also favorable.

Aim To explore the effects of Clausena-mide(Clau) on hippocampus cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein expressions in diabetic rats. Methods The diabetic rat model was produced by injecting streptozotocin (STZ,48 mg?kg-1). After 3 months,the COX-2 gene and protein expressions in hippocampus of diabetic rats were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Results ① The results of RT-PCR showed that the expression of COX-2 mRNA in hippocampus of diabetic group rats increased significantly (P

Objective To evaluate the difference between CT and CT/MR DWI images for gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation in precision radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods 20 patients with pathologically confirmed as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were selected for target delineation.The GTV based on CT and CT/MR DWI images of the patients were delineated by six radiation oncologists.The mean,standard deviation,coefficient of variation (CV =standard deviation/mean) of GTV volume,the ratio of minimum value and maximum value (ratio =maximum value/minimum value) of the GTV volume were calculated.And the CV and ratio of the GTV by the two methods were compared.Results The biggest difference of GTV volume on CT and on CT/MR DWI images was 55.71 and 13.89 cm3 (F =12.80,P ＜ 0.05).The CV on CT and CT/MR DWI images were 0.30 ± 0.08,0.11-±0.04 (Z =-3.92,P ＜ 0.05),and the ratio of GTV volume were 2.38 ± 0.62,1.34 ± 0.13,respectively (Z =-3.92,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CT/MR DWI images could display GTV more directly,which may help to increase consistency of GTV for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma delineation among different radiation oncologists.

Objective To investigate the effects of 2-methoxyestradiol( 2-ME) on apoptosis of K562 cells and its mechanisms. Methods The K562 cells were cultured and divided into three groups. The control group: K562 cells were cultured without 2-ME treatment. The experimental group: K562 cells were cultured in the medium containing different concentrations of 2-ME (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 μmol/L) for 36 h. The negative control group: K562 cells were replaced by water without RNase in the medium containing different concentrations of 2-ME for 36 h. The apoptosis rate, the protein and its mRNA expression of Caspase-3 and XIAP, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of K562 cells wasdetected by TUNEL, flow cytometry (FCM), half-quantitative RT-PCR and xanthenes oxidized enzyme assay,respectively. Results After treated with 2-ME at different concentrations for 36 hours, in the specified concentration range, 2-ME induced apoptosis of K562 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The possible functional mechanism of 2-ME was to up-regulate Caspase-3 but down-regulate XIAP mRNA expression, and increase ROS activity but decrease SOD activity. Conclusion 2-ME can induce apoptosis of K562 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and indicate its promising potential in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) patients.

ObjectiveTo define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of weekly cisplatin in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for Chinese cervical carcinoma.MethodsCervical carcinoma of stage ⅠB2- ⅣA were eligible for the study.PhaseⅠstudy was dose-escalation trial with 15 patients.All patients received whole pelvic radiotherapy with three dimentional conformal radiotherapy technique. Concurrent cisplatin started from the dose of 20 mg/m2 to 25 mg/m2,30 mg/m2,35 mg/m2,40 mg/m2 for the weekly schedule ( ≥3 patients per dose group) and the doses were steadily escalated to 40 mg/.m2.If the dose was increased to 40 mg/m2 without dose-limiting toxicity ( DLT),40 mg/m2 would be the maximum tolerated dose (MTD).According to the MTD dose from Phase Ⅰ study,we conducted phase Ⅱ clinical trial with 36 patients.ResultsIn Phase Ⅰ study,cisplatin dose was escalated to 40 mg/m2 and DLT had not been reached.Thirty-six patients in Phase Ⅱ study included 9 inpatients and 27 outpatients.All 9 inpatients completed 6 cycles of chemotherapy. In 27 outpatients,18 patients (66％) completed 6 cycles of chemotherapy,19 patients (70％) completed 5 cycles and 25 patients (92％) completed 4 cycles of chemotherapy.All patients completed radiotherapy.Major adverse effects were grade 1 and 2 gastrointestinal toxicities and neutropenia.ConclusionsWeekly 40 mg/m2 cisplatin concurrent with radiotherapy is well tolerated when given to Chinese patients with cervical carcinoma. For outpatients with poor performance status,the cisplatin dose needs to be reduced.

ObjectiveTo analyze the application value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) in gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsTwenty-nine patients with esophageal SCC treated with radical surgery were analyzed.Routine CT scan,MRI T2-weighted and DWMRI were employed before surgery;diffusion-sensitive gradient b-values were taken 400,600 and 800 s/mm2.GTVs were delineated using CT,MRI T2-weighted images and DWMRI under different b-value images.The length of GTVs measured under different images was compared with the pathological length and confirm the most accurate imaging condition.Use radiotherapy planning system to fuse DWMRI images and CT images to investigate the possibility of delineate GTVs on fused images.ResultsThe difference of GTV length value between CT,T2 WI images and specimen was 3.36 mm and 2.84 mm.When b =400,600 and 800 s/mm2,the difference between GTV length value on the DWMRI images and on specimen was 0.47 mm,-0.47 mm and - 1.53 mm;the correlation coefficient of the measuring esophageal lengths on DWMRI images and the pathological lengths was 0.928,0.927 and 0.938.DWMRI images and CT images could fuse accurately on radiotherapy planning system.GTV margin could.show clearly on fused images.ConclusionsDWMRI images can display the esophageal carcinoma lengths and margin accurately.When DWMRI images fused with CT images,GTV margin could show clearly,it can be used to delineate GTV accurately.

OBJECTIVETo detect potential mutation in a family affected with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (CDA II).

METHODSTargeted sequence capture and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to analyze the exons and exon-intron boundaries of the SEC23B gene in a clinically suspected CDA II patient. Genotypes of the relatives were validated by Sanger sequencing. Potential impact of amino acid substitution on the structure and function of SEC23B protein was predicted with MutationTaster and PolyPhen-2. The protein structure was predicted with SWISS-MODEL software.

RESULTSThe proband was found to harbor double heterozygous mutations of the SEC23B gene, c.1727T>C (p.F576S) and c.1831C>T (p.R611W), which resulted in amino acid substitutions p.F576S and p.R611W. Both mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The sister of the proband was found to have carried c.1727T>C (p.F576S), while her father and son have carried c.1831C>T (p.R611W) mutation. In addition, the proband was detected to have carried c.211C>T (p.R71X) of the HFE gene, which resulted in substitution of arginine by a stop codon. The impact of above mutations on the structure or function of protein was predicted to be harmful. Splenectomy and iron chelation therapy have achieved effective improvement of anemia and iron overload. Computer simulation suggested that the mutations have altered the 3D structure of the SEC23B protein.

CONCLUSIONThe novel compound mutations of c.1727T>C and c.1831C>T of the SEC23B gene probably underlie the CDA II in the family, and there is a strong correlation between the genotype and phenotype.

Adult ; Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital ; genetics ; Computer Simulation ; Family ; Female ; Genotype ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; genetics