Topic selection is the first step of writing nursing research papers. The novelty of topic selection is listed as an important indicator of paper review, which plays a key role in the recruitment of papers. How to choose a topic and choose a good one is not only the concern of all authors, but also the difficulty of thesis writing. This paper mainly introduces the source and common problems of nursing research papers, aiming to help nurses to write research papers.

An established FTA/PCR protocol was applied to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts which were added in beverage, and proved to be as sensitive as 1.0 oocyst/ml detected within 6 hours. The study indicates that this technique is sensitive, time-saving and easy to perform.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 88 patients with COPD were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, with 44 patients in each group. The treatment group was treated with conventional western medical therapy plus traditional Chinese medical therapy, and the control group was treated with conventional western medical therapy exclusively. The clinical therapeutic effects were evaluated after 14 days of therapy. Results Symptoms of cough, phlegm, and asthma were improved in both groups. The total effective rate in the treatment group and the control group was 93.2% and 75.0% respectively. There was remarkable difference between the two groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion It is safe and effective for treating COPD with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.

The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has good results in treating asthma at remission stage,treating childhood bronchial asthma,and daily nursing.The western medicine usually takes the therapeutic methods of inhaling aerosol drugs,using anti-inflammatory drugs and undertaking interventional therapy,which have good results in relieve symptoms rapidly,dealing with emergent and severe onset of bronchial asthma and treating complications.The integration of these two medicines can cooperate with each other and exert good therapeufc effects.

Norwalk viruses is a kind of intestines diarrhea virus which distributes widely,it is the most important viruses pathogeny except rotavirus.This article introduces the research progress of Norwalk viruses,including the pathogeny,epidemiology and prevention countermeasures.

Objective To investigate the occupational hazards of nurses in the supply room,to determine what kind of occupational hazards is most dangerous,and accordingly put forward some suggestions of protective measures.Methods Totally 208 nurses from supply rooms of 4 general hospitals were surveyed with questionnaires.The data of occupational hazards were analyzed.Results Various kinds of occupational hazards happened among nurses in the supply room,and among all occupational hazards,physical damage was the most frequently happened.Conclusions The occupational protection awareness of nurses is relatively weak.They can not properly handle damages caused by occupational hazards,so sufficient attention should be given to it.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of silicone gel sheeting on hypertrophic scar. Methods Using human hypertrophic scar as a research object, the changes of fibroblast, collagen metabolism and cytokine expression were observed to study the effects of silicone gel sheeting on hypertrophic scar by clinical observation, histomorphology and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the control group, the hypertrophic scar became thin, soft and light markedly, and the expression of TGF ? 1, TGF ? (RI) and ? SM actin were significantly decreased in therapeutic group. Conclusion Silicone gel sheeting may have an influence on scar via inhibiting the expression of TGF ? 1, TGF ?(RI) and ? SM actin in fibroblasts.

Objective To evaluate the effects of electrocautery assisted uvalopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for obstructive sleep apnea and hyponea syndrome(OSAHS) .Methods Patients with OSAHS were randomly divided into two groups ,with 14 cases in each group .Group A was operated on with electrocautery ,while group B was operated on with the traditional method .The operative blood loss ,the operation time ,the tunica albuginea off time ,post operative pain ,surgical outcomes and complications were compared between two groups .Results The operative blood loss and the operation time of group A were much less than in group B (all P<0 .05) ,while no difference in the tunica albuginea off time ,post operative pain and surgical outcomes was found (P>0 .05) .Two groups of patients both had no serious complications .Conclusion The advantages of electrocautery assisted UPPP consists of less operative blood loss and less operation time .It deserves to generalize and apply in the future clinical treatments .

We wished to undertake molecular characterization of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene and overlapping surface (S) gene in lamivudine-treated patients with chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Sequencing analyses of the HBV RT/S gene of isolates from 25 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with the YMDD mutation and 30 treatment-naïve CHB patients were undertaken. In patients with the YMDD mutation, rtM2041 was the major type of mutation (20/25, 80%). rtL80I was present in most of the patients with rtM204I (14/20, 70%). rtL180M coexisted with rtM204V (5/5, 100%). Patients with the YMDD mutation had a significantly higher prevalence of mutation of the RT gene than treatment-naïve CHB patients (P < 0.05). Classical primary resistance and secondary/compensatory mutations were detected at only five sites (rtL80, rtV173, rtL180, rtM204, rtM250) in CHB patients with the YMDD mutation. The frequency of nucleos(t)ide analog resistance (NAr) mutation within the RT gene in patients with the YMDD mutation was significantly higher than that in treatment-naïve patients (P < 0.05). Amino-acid mutations within the RT gene were also associated with other types of NAr in patients with the YMDD mutation. The rate of amino-acid variants within the S gene region was significantly higher in patients with the YMDD mutation than that in treatment-naïve patients (P < 0.05). sM133L and sG145R variants were also present in patients with the YMDD mutation. These observations suggest that CHB patients with the YMDD mutation also have NAr mutations related to other NA drugs, which might lead to cross-resistance in CHB patients. Variants present in the S gene region could cause changes in the antigenicity of HBsAg, which could result in a false-negative diagnosis of HBsAg and immune in escape of the HBV.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, Surface ; genetics ; Antigens, Viral ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective To improve the detail of the surgery for cicatricial ectropion,and the the effect was investigated. Methods Based on 46 patients withⅡ,Ⅲdegree cicatricial ectropion admitted to our department,choose the junction of normal skin and scar tissue as the incision line according to the degree of ectropion and local situation,and to reserve and recover the orbicularis oculi muscle as possible. The released areas exceeded separately the external canthus and reached the level of eye fissure,take advantage of full-thickness skin graft to correct the parallel lines and make fixation to the eyelid ectropion fusion skin graft on external canthal ligament. Results After followed up for 6 months to 2 years,46 cases of eyelid skin grafts survived completely and eyelids were in good reduction,with none case of incomplete eyelid closure. Conclusion Choose the surgical incision and the released areas in a proper way to reserve the structural integrity of orbicu-laris muscle and make skin graft fixation to inner and external canthal skin can prevent effectively the recurrence of ectropion and improve surgical progress.