Purpose: The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 6 months after donation (eGFR 6m) is strongly associated with the risk of end-stage renal disease in living kidney donors. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of eGFR 6m <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 eGFR 6m <60) and identify the risk factors that can predict the occurrence of eGFR 6m <60 in living kidney donors. Materials and Methods: Living kidney donors who underwent nephrectomy at Severance Hospital between January 2009 and December 2019 were identified. We excluded 94 of 1233 donors whose creatinine values at 6 months after donation were missing. The risk factors for eGFR 6m <60 were assessed using multivariate regression analysis. The optimal cutoff points for candidate risk factors for predicting eGFR 6m <60 occurrence were determined using the Youden index. Results: The eGFR 6m <60 occurred in 17.3% of the participants. Older age (≥44 years), history of hypertension, lower preoperative eGFR (<101 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ), and degree of increase in creatinine levels on postoperative day 2 compared to those before surgery (ΔCr2_pre) (≥0.39 mg/dL) increased the risk of eGFR 6m <60. The addition of ΔCr2_pre to preoperative eGFR yielded a higher predictive accuracy for predicting eGFR 6m <60 than that with preoperative eGFR alone {area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.886 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.863–0.908] vs. 0.862 (95% CI, 0.838–0.887), p<0.001}. Conclusion The incidence of eGFR 6m <60 was 17.3%. Older age, lower preoperative eGFR, history of hypertension, and greater ΔCr2_pre were associated with the occurrence of eGFR 6m <60 after living donor nephrectomy. The combination of preoperative eGFR and ΔCr2_pre showed the highest predictive power for eGFR 6m <60.

Capsaicin, a pungent ingredient of hot pepper, elicits an intense burning pain when applied cutaneously and intradermally. Activation of capsaicin-gated channel in. C-type dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons produces nonselective cationic currents. Although electrophysiological and biochemical properties of capsaicin-activated current (ICAP) were studied, the regulatory mechanism and intracellular signaling pathway are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the modulations of ICAP by DAMGO (micro-opioid agonist) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8). In 18 out of 86 cells, the amplitude of ICAP was significantly increased by DAMGO and completely reversed after washout, while ICAP was decreased by DAMGO in 25 cells. In 43 cells, DAMGO had no effect on ICAP. Mean action potential duration was significantly different between 'increased-by-DAMGO' group and 'decreased-by-DAMGO' group. Mean amplitudes of IH were not significantly different between both groups. CCK-8 reversibly enhanced the amplitude of ICAP (5/13). DAMGO also increased ICAP amplitude significantly in the same cells. The amplitude of ICAP was increased in additive manner by combined applications of DAMGO and CCK-8 in these cells. These results suggest that DAMGO and CCK-8 can either increase or decrease ICAP presumably depending on the subtypes of DRG cells and classified by electrophysiological properties.
Action Potentials ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Animals ; Burns ; Capsaicin ; Cholecystokinin ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-* ; Ganglia, Spinal* ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Sincalide ; Spinal Nerve Roots*