The lower 2(nd) molar eruption is beginning to mesiolingually, then rotate to distobuccally so it has a tendency to be tilted and impacted mesially. Signs and symptoms of impacted 2(nd) molar are similar to impacted 3(rd) molar's. However, treatment plan for impacted 2nd molar is different from that of impacted 3(rd)'s. The former is the preservation and uprighting of 2(nd) molar so that it could act to recovery of mastication, symmetrical facial growth, maintaining the symmetry of dental arch, stable occlusion, while the latter is the extraction of tooth. If the uprighting treatment is planned, most proper protocol of treatment and the additional treatment opition should be applied with consideration for it's crown exposure, present of 3(rd) molar which interrupt the uprighting process, extrusion of opposite tooth. Although it could not improve the esthetic result, it could prevent many dental problems. Therefore, uprighting for impacted lower 2(nd) molar is meaningful treatment.
Crowns ; Dental Arch ; Mastication ; Molar* ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement

BACKGROUND AND OBJECT: Phytosterols(Plant sterols) have been known to reduce serum cholesterol concentrations by inhibiting absorption of both dietary and biliary cholesterol from the small intestines. However, the hypocholesterolemic effect of plant sterols has not been evaluated in Korea. We investigated the effect of plant sterol containing beverage on blood lipid profiles in the hypercholesterolemic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five hypercholesterolemic patients(fasting LDL-cholesterol>130 mg/dl) were fed either a placebo beverage for 4 weeks or a test beverage containing plant sterols or 8 weeks in a single-blind, randomized cross-over study. The subjects were instructed to maintain the same amount of dietary intake of fat and cholesterol during the study. After 4 week treatment of plant sterols, the dose of plant sterols was doubled (3.2 g/d) for subjects whose LDL-cholesterol reduction rate was not reached by 15%. RESULTS: 1. The total study population who completed the whole protocol was 45 patients(15 males, 30 females, mean age 56). 2. At baseline, the mean dietary intake of saturated fat of subjects was 11.12 g, and cholesterol was 135.2 mg. 3. After 8 week treatment with plant sterols, serum concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced by 4.38%(p= 0.039), 8.28%(p=0.036) respectively. However, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride did not change significantly. 4. Two-thirds of the subjects responded to treatment with plant sterols, and the mean reduction rates in LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol of those subjects were 14.1% and 9.2% respectively. CONCLUSION: We conclude that plant sterols reduce serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations significantly. These results suggest that plant sterols are also effective for those with low cholesterol intake.
Absorption ; Beverages ; Cholesterol* ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cross-Over Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia* ; Intestine, Small ; Korea ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Phytosterols ; Plants* ; Triglycerides