Objective To investigate the evaluation index of melasma staging by clinical manifestations and non-invasive skin detection technology.Methods A total of 195 patients with a clinical diagnosis of melasma were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University.The skin with lesion enlarged,color darker,erythema,red occured after scratching or lesion faded after compressing with glass belonged to the active stage;on the contrary,it was in the stable stage.Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM),dermoscopy,Mexameter 18 and LAB were used to observe skin lesions of different stage of melasma.Results There were 115 patients (59.0 ％) in the active stage of melasma and 80 patients (41.0 ％) in the stable stage.DMA score in active stage 35.08± 10.59 were significantly higher than that of the stable stage 15.06-4-9.20 (P＜0.05).There were statistically significant difference in the quantity of inflammatory cell and blood vessels between two stages of melasma (P＜0.05).Erythema index (EI) in active stage of melasma 376.35±61.39 were high-er than that of the stable stage 320.364± 62.40 (P＜0.05).A-value in active stage of melasma 13.28± 1.75 were higher than that of the stable stage 12.34± 1.78 (P＜0.05).However,there were no siginificant differences in the quantity of melenin,melanin index (MI),L-value and B-value.Conclusions Melasma could be divided into active stage or stable stage,respectively,according to its clinical manifestations.DMA score,quantity of inflammatory cells and blood vessels,EI and A-value could be used as the reference index of melasma staging.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of clinical practice on mental health of male nursing college students,and to investigate the effects of psychological intervention. METHODS: Using the cluster sampling method,408 clinical practice male nursing students from 5 medical colleges in Jilin Province were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. The male nursing students were investigated with Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS),M to R sections of Cornell Medical Index(CMI) and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90). After the first questionnaire survey in the 9 weeks of clinical practice(before psychological intervention),male nursing students in intervention group received psychological intervention,while those in control group received no action. The investigation were then performed in the 20th(11 weeks of intervention) and 30 th weeks(21 weeks of intervention) of clinical practice. RESULTS: In the 11 and 21 weeks of intervention,the positive rates of CPSS,M-R and mental symptoms in intervention group were lower than those of timematched control group(P < 0. 01),and were significantly lower than those before intervention(P < 0. 01). Before intervention,the scores of CPSS,M-R and SCL-90 in two groups had no statistical significance(P > 0. 05). After the 11 and 21 weeks of intervention,the scores of CPSS,M-R and SCL-90 in intervention group were lower than those of control group(P < 0. 01). With the increasing time of intervention,the scores of CPSS and M-R in intervention group decreased(P < 0. 01). After the 11 and 21 weeks of intervention,the scores of SCL-90 in intervention group were lower than those before intervention(P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that clinical practice is a stress for the mental health of male nursing college students. Psychological supporting system can be used to improve students' psychological health.