PURPOSE: The purpose was to test the effects of self-hand massage with aroma oil on daily cigarette use, smoking craving, and depression of female high school student smokers who are attempting to quit smoking. METHOD: A convenience sampling of a non-equivalent control group time series was used. Female high school student smokers were assigned either to smoking cessation lecture only or to an intervention that involved a smoking cessation lecture and self-hand massage with aroma oil for 4 weeks. Lavender, Peppermint, and Bergamotte essence oils were used for massage. RESULT: There was a significant change in daily cigarette use and depression between the groups at three different times. CONCLUSION: It is promising that self-hand massage with aroma oil can be an effective adjunctive to decrease daily cigarette use and depression of female high school student smokers who are attempting to quit smoking.
Depression* ; Female* ; Humans ; Lavandula ; Massage* ; Mentha piperita ; Oils ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products*

Background: This study explores whether the intolerance of uncertainty among healthcare workers prompts viral anxiety, and whether this association is mediated by their reassuranceseeking behavior and preoccupation with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea. Methods: An online survey was conducted among healthcare workers in Asan Medical Center, on November 29, 2021. Demographic characteristics and responses to items from rating scales were collected, including Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9, Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS), Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Insomnia Severity Scale, and Intolerance of Uncertainty-12 (IUS-12). Results: Among the 329 participants, viral anxiety of healthcare workers was predicted by being female (β = 0.14, P = 0.002), CRBS (β = 0.30, P < 0.001), OCS (β = 0.32, P < 0.001), and IUS-12 (β = 0.15, P = 0.002) scores (adjusted R2 = 0.43, F = 31.1, P < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that the intolerance of uncertainty directly influenced viral anxiety, and reassuranceseeking behavior and obsession with COVID-19 partially mediated the association. Conclusion The intolerance of uncertainty among healthcare workers directly influenced their viral anxiety, and reassurance-seeking behavior and obsession with COVID-19 mediated this association in this era of “living with coronavirus” in Korea.

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) is important for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have reported the prevalence and severity of BPSD changes. However, these studies have mainly focused on the AD patients with mild to moderate severity. Our study investigated the BPSD in AD patients with more advanced stages and looked at the prevalence and severity of BPSD with the progression of disease. METHODS: One hundred thirty six patients with probable AD received the Korean version of the neuropsychiatric inventory along with the expanded version of the Korean Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) and the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). RESULTS: The mean K-MMSE, CDR and NPI scores were 10.1 (SD=7.1), 2.0 (SD=1.5) and 32.7 (SD=26.2), respectively. CDR and K-MMSE scores did not correlate with the total NPI score but did correlate with some of the subscale NPI scores. Apathy had the highest relationship to CDR (r=0.39, p<0.01). Aberrant motor was most correlated with the total score of NPI (r=0.65, p<0.01). The mean number of positive NPI items was 4.3, which ranged from 2.1 (CDR 5 group) to 5.4 (CDR 2 group). The most frequent symptom was apathy and the least was euphoria. The severity of BPSD increased as the dementia severity increased to CDR 2 except apathy. Night-time behavior and anxiety were frequent in the early stages whereas apathy and aberrant motor were frequent symptoms in later stages. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that BPSD is relatively independent of cognitive functions. The prevalence and severity of BPSD with the exclusion of apathy, increased as the dementia severity increased from CDR 0.5 to CDR 2 and then declined declined except apathy.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Anxiety ; Apathy ; Dementia ; Diagnosis ; Euphoria ; Humans ; Prevalence

No abstract available.
Compartment Syndromes

An 11-year-old, castrated male dog presented with a 3-month history of cough and depression. Auscultation revealed systolic murmur and thoracic radiographs showing enlargement of both the atrium and left ventricle. Echocardiography showed thickened mitral valve and moderate-to-severe left atrial enlargement. Additionally, M-mode echocardiography showed symmetric left ventricular wall thickening and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, while Doppler imaging revealed high velocity turbulent flow through the left ventricular outflow tract. Based on echocardiography, this case was diagnosed with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. After 5 months, the dog was clinically static in radiography and echocardiography.

Objective: The discrepancy between desired time in bed and desired total sleep time (DBST index) is correlated with the severity of insomnia among the general population. This study aimed to explore whether the change in DBST index is associated with changes in insomnia severity. Methods: The study was conducted as a single source tracking online survey among the general population. The first survey (T1) was completed by all 399 participants, and the second survey (T2) was completed by 233 participants 5–6 weeks after the T1 survey with a simple instruction of reducing the DBST index. Participants’ age, sex, marital status, past psychiatric history, and sleep patterns were collected. In addition to the DBST index, the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES), Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep-2 items (DBS-2), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were rated. Results: The change in the ISI (T1–T2) was significantly correlated with the changes in the GSES (r=0.24, p<0.001), DBS-2 (r=0.22, p<0.001), and DBST index (r=0.15, p=0.020). The change in insomnia severity was expected with change in the GSES (β=0.23, p<0.001), DBS-2 (β=0.20, p=0.002), and DBST index (β=0.13, p=0.037). Mediation analysis showed that change in DBST index directly influenced change in insomnia severity and change in GSES or DBS-2 did not mediate the relationship. Conclusion Changing the DBST index can be a simple way to reduce insomnia severity among the general population.

BACKGROUND: Temporal hollowing is inevitable after decompressive craniectomy. This complication affects self-perception and quality of life, and various techniques and materials have therefore been used to restore patients’ confidence. Autologous fat grafting in postoperative scar tissue has been considered challenging because of the hostile tissue environment. However, in this study, we demonstrate that autologous fat grafting can be a simple and safe treatment of choice, even for postoperative depressed temporal scar tissue. METHODS: Autologous fat grafting was performed in 13 patients from 2011 to 2016. Fat was harvested according to Coleman’s strategy, using a tumescent technique. Patient-reported outcomes were collected preoperatively and at 1-month and 1-year follow-ups. Photographs were taken at each visit. RESULTS: The thighs were the donor site in all cases for the first procedure. The median final volume of harvested fat was 29.4 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 24.0–32.8 mL). The median final volume of fat transferred into the temporal area was 4.9 mL on the right side (IQR, 2.5–7.1 mL) and 4.6 mL on the left side (IQR, 3.7–5.9 mL). There were no major complications. The patient-reported outcomes showed significantly improved self-perceptions at 1 month and at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Despite concerns about the survival of grafted fat in scar tissue, we advise autologous fat grafting for patients with temporal hollowing resulting from a previous craniectomy.
Adipose Tissue ; Cicatrix ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Quality of Life ; Self Concept ; Thigh ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplants

An 11-year-old, castrated male dog presented with a 3-month history of cough and depression. Auscultation revealed systolic murmur and thoracic radiographs showing enlargement of both the atrium and left ventricle. Echocardiography showed thickened mitral valve and moderate-to-severe left atrial enlargement. Additionally, M-mode echocardiography showed symmetric left ventricular wall thickening and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, while Doppler imaging revealed high velocity turbulent flow through the left ventricular outflow tract. Based on echocardiography, this case was diagnosed with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. After 5 months, the dog was clinically static in radiography and echocardiography.
Animals ; Auscultation ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Child ; Cough ; Depression ; Dogs ; Echocardiography ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Radiography ; Systolic Murmurs

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to determine the effect of the distributional relationship between dental roots and the mandibular bone on single mandibular bone fractures, which are common craniofacial fractures. METHODS: This was a retrospective, single-center study in Seoul, Korea. Patients with single mandibular fractures in the symphysis, parasymphysis, body, and angle area, with tooth structure involvement were included. The control group included patients with simple, bone-level lacerations without fractures. In total, 94 patients (72 males and 22 females) were included in the treatment group, and 125 (71 males and 54 females) were included in the control group. The height of the mandibular bone and the dental root were measured with panoramic radiography. The central incisor represented the symphysis area, the canine represented the parasymphysis area, the first molar represented the body area, and the second molar represented the angle area. RESULTS: In the treatment group, symphysis fractures occurred in 16 patients (17%), parasymphysis fractures in 36 patients (38%), body fractures in 17 patients (18%), and angle fractures in 25 patients (27%). The ratios of the dental roots to the total height of the mandibular bone in the treatment group were 30.35%, 39.75%, 39.53%, and 36.27% for symphysis, parasymphysis, body, and angle areas, respectively, whereas in the control group, they were 27.73%, 39.70%, 36.76%, and 35.48%. The ratios of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: The results show that the higher ratio of the dental root to the height of the mandibular bone increases the fracture risk.
Fractures, Bone* ; Humans ; Incisor ; Korea ; Lacerations ; Male ; Mandible ; Mandibular Fractures ; Molar ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Tooth ; Tooth Root

Objective: To determine the incidence of anconeus epitrochlearis (AE) muscle and evaluate the correlation between AE muscle and ulnar motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV). Method: Forty healthy volunteers (80 arms) were evaluated. Ulnar motor nerve conduction study was performed. NCVs at the forearm and across the elbow were calculated. Ultrasonography (US) was used to obtain a transverse scan view of the cubital tunnel and confirm the presence of the AE muscle. Cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of following structures were obtained: ulnar nerve (UNCSA), cubital tunnel (CTCSA), and AE (AECSA). AECSA was divided by CTCSA to obtain the AE/CT ratio. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was calculated to evaluate the relationship between NCV across elbow and each variable obtained by US. Results: Sixty-three (78.75%) of eighty arms showed the presence of AE muscle. NCV had no significant correlations with sonographic variables. However, when 17 arms with a relatively low NCV value (≤ 60 m/s) were analyzed, NCV showed significant correlations with AECSA (PCC: r = −0.674, p=0.003) and AE/CT ratio (PCC: r = −0.516, p=0.034). Conclusion When all 63 cases with AE muscle were analyzed, ulnar NCV showed no significant correlations with sonographic variables. However, when those with NCV value of 60 m/s or less were analyzed, NCV showed significant negative correlations with AECSA and AE/CT ratio.