The therapeutic effect of ATP and ATP-MgCl_2 on hemorrhagic shock in large doses was studied. The hybrid dogs, male or female, were divided into three groups at random. The effects of ATP and ATP-MgCl_2 on antihemorrhagic shock was analized during its various stages by standards of capillary blood velocity, the number of capillary blood vessels in activity, artery blood pressure, the acidity of arterial blood and changes of sensitivity of the reflex of sinus arteriae carotidis. The results indicated that the therapeutic effect of ATP-MgCl_2 in large dose is much superior to that of ATP.

Objective To investigate the stability of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c in whole blood sample measured by Tosoh G7, Roche/Hitachi 7170A and NycoCard READER Ⅱ under different storage conditions. Methods Three whole blood samples (EDTA anticoagulated) with different glycated hemoglobin levels and one whole blood sample (heparin anticoagulated) were collected and stored at -80 ℃, -20 ℃, 4 ℃,room temperature(15 -25 ℃), and 37 ℃ HbA1c was analyzed by each method on days 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 14, 21,28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 respectively. Results The results of sample stored at -80 ℃ appear to be stable for Tesoh G7 and Roche/Hitachi 7170A method. The coefficients of variation (CV) for Tosoh G7 was 0.54%-1.22%. The CV for Roche/Hitachi 7170A was 0.86% -1.82%. When samples was detected with Tosoh G7 method, the results was consistent when the sample was stored at -20 ℃ for 14 days, 4 ℃ for 63 days, room temperature for 5 days, and 37 ℃ for less than 1 day. When samples was detected with Roche/Hitachi 7170A method, the results was consistent when the samples was stored at -20 ℃ for 21 days, 4 ℃ for 42 days, room temperature for 7 days, and 37 ℃ for less than 1 day. The NycoCard READER Ⅱ showed stability at 4 ℃ for 9 days, and room temperature for less than 1 days. Conclusions The stability of whole blood samples is dependent on different methods. Storage time under different temperatures is different.

This article summarized recent correlative literatures focusing on international standards on glycated hemoglobin.The basic concept,determination of glycated hemoglobin,the present review in laboratory measurement and metrological traceability was introduced.The international community has established reference system and metrological traceability to the International System of Units on HbA1c.Determination in glycated hemoglobin is still in incipient stage in our country.Both clinical laboratorians awareness and clinical determination need to be strengthened.

Objective To evaluate the commutability of certified reference materials, external quality assessment program materials and calibrators for serum glucose measurements which were performed in 24 routine measurement procedures.Methods 35 fresh patient specimens and some reference materials were analyzed by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ( as the comparative method) and 24 routine measurement procedures (as the evaluated methods).The relationships between the results from the evaluated method and the comparative methods were evaluated to identify the commutability.Results It showed that 5 certified reference materials, 2 trueness verification materials, and 5 calibrators were commutable in all 24 routine measurement procedures.The other samples were displayed the presence of commutability issue in different degrees.Conclusion It is important to pay more attention to the problems brought by commutability of reference materials in clinical laboratory.

Objective To evaluate the analytical quality of different analytical systems in measuring seven kinds of sero-enzymes consisting of Alanine Aminotransferase(ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST),γ-Glutamyltransferase(GGT), Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH), Creatine Kinase(CK), α-Amylase (AMY) and Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP).Methods Data from 2013 routine chemistry external quality assessment (EQA) and Enzymes Trueness Verification(ETV) were collected.1 450 and 165 participating laboratories were selected respectively for investigation.Analytical systems of participating laboratories were classified into 6 kinds,i.e.imported matching system(AI), domestic matching system(AH), systems consisting of imported reagents and corresponding calibrators(BI), systems consisting of domestic reagents and corresponding calibrators ( BH ) , unmatched systems using imported calibrators ( CI ) and unmatched systems using domestic calibrators ( CH ) .Total error, bias and coefficient of variation within laboratories ( CVI) were calculated from the data of 2013EQA and ETV The proportion of laboratories meeting the desirable and the optimal criteria derived from biology variation were analyzedby EXCEL2010 with coincidence rate (CR) above 85% as evaluation criterion.Results The AI and CI occupied more than 70%among six systems, CH occupied approximate 15% and the other systems were less than 10%.The
range of the average of ETV′s total errors , EQA′s total errors, absolute value of bias and CVI of seven kinds of sero-enzymes were 6.2%-27.8%, 4.0%-7.0%, 4.2%-25.1% and 3.6%-4.6% respectively. Accuracy, bias and within-laboratory imprecision were judged by CR of ETV′s total errors, ETV′s bias, CVI and EQA′s total errors respectively and comparability between different systems was evaluated.It turned out that the results of analytical systems of enzymes except ALP were comparable, the accuracy of systems of enzymes except AMY, ALP and GGT, LDH of AI, the within-laboratory imprecision of enzymes except LDH, AMY, ALP and AST of AI, CH could meet the desirable criteria.The bias of all systems of seven kinds of sero-enzymes were undesirable.Conclusions The analytical quality of routine testing of seven kinds of sero-enzymes could fulfill the clinical requirement generally in China.

Objective To develop a candidate reference method for the measurement of serum glucose based on isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(ID-LC/MS/MS)Methods An internal standard [~(13)C_6]glucose was added to serum samples and equilibrated with endogenous glucose.Serum proteins were removed by a precipitation with anhydrous ethanol.Serum glucose and the internal standard were then reacted with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and the formed derivatives were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring(MRM).The method was calibrated with bracketing calibrators and serum glucose concentrations were calculated by comparing the peak area ratios of samples with that of the calibrators.Results The within-run,between-run and total coefficients of variation averaged 0.36%,0.47%and 0.61%,respectively.The analytical recoveries ranged from 99.0% to 100.9%.Results of analyzing the certified reference material SRM 965a showed an average biases of-0.20%.Conclusions An ID-LC/MS/MS method for measuring serum glucose has been developed.The method is highly precise and accurate and may be used as a candidate reference method.

Objective To develop a candidate reference method for the measurement of creatinine in human serum based on isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS). Methods An isotopically labeled internal standard [<'2>H<,3>] creatinine was added to the serum sample and equilibrated with the endogenous creatinine. The samples were treated with anhydrous ethanol to remove proteins by precipitation. After being washed with chloroform for further clean-up, the samples were analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Serum creatinine was quantified by a bracketing calibration. Results The within-run, between-run and total coefficients of variation ranged from 0.52% to 0.61%, 0.11% to 0.59% and 0.61% to 0.83%, and the averages were 0.57%, 0.43% and 0.73%, respectively. The analytical recoveries ranged from 99.09% to 101.13% with an average of 100.3%.The results of analyzing the certified reference material SRM 909b (Level Ⅰ and Ⅱ) and SRM 967b showed biases of less than 0.4%. Conclusions An ID-LC/MS/MS method for measuring serum creatinine has been developed. The method is highly precise and accurate and may be used as a candidate reference method for serum creatinine measurements.

Objective To develop a candidate reference method for the measurement of urea in human serum based on isotope dilution/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Methods [13C,15N2]Urea used as internal standard Was added to the serum sample and equilibrated with endogenous nonlabeled urea.The serum samples were treated with anhydrous ethanol to emove proteins by precipitation.The serum urea and labeled urea were converted into a trimethylsilyl derivative of 2-hydroxypyrimidine and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system with selected ion monitoring.The concentration of serum ureaWas calculated by the theory of bracketing method.Results The average value of within-run oefficient of vailation(CV),between-run CV and total CV of the procedure were 0.38%(ranged from 0.12%to 0.47%),O.62%(ranged form 0.49% to 0.87%)and 0.73%(ranged from 0.51% to 0.93%).Respectively.The analytical recoveries ranged from 99.37% to 100.95%.The resuhs of analyzing the certified refefence material SRM909b(Level Ⅰand Ⅱ)showed a bias less than 0.2%.Conclusion The procedure for measuring urea in serum is a highly accurate and precise method and can be used as a candidate reference method for serum urea assays.

Objective To evaluate the matrix effect of processed materials in serum total glycerol measurement and to assess the accuracy of routine test systems.Methods With an isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method as the comparative method，matrix effects of 28 processed materials on 8 routine test systems were evaluated ccording to the NCCLS EP 14 protocol.The processed materials and 20 flesh patient specimens were analyzed with both the comparative method and each of the evaluated methods and results obtained with the two methods were plotted.Two-tailed 95% prediction intervals for the mean of the flesh patient specimen were computed and results on the processed aterials were compared with these intervals for evaluation of matrix effect.Results with the two methods on fresh samples were also compared for assessment of the accuracy of the routine test systems.Results Some of the processed samples showed matrix effects on some of the routine test systems.The observed matrix effects were system-specific and aused either positive or negative biases.Calibration biases were also observed on some test systems.Conclusion Matrix effect and calibration bias have been observed in serum total glycerol measurements.Continued efforts are needed for improving the accuracy of serum total glycerol measurements.

Objective To evaluate the matrix effects in serum urea measurements of external quality assessment(EQA)materials and commercial reference materials(calibrators or controls)on enzymatic methods and to verify the trueness of the enzymatic methods.Methods The Clinical and Laboratory Stadards Institute(CLSI)EP 14-A2 protocol was used for the evaluation of matrix effect.An isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry method was used as the comparative method.Twenty five fresh patient serum samples,15 EQA materials and 13 calibrators or controls were analyzed with 7 enzymatic methods (evaluated methods)and the comparative method and results were processed according to the protocol. The trueness of the evaluated methods were also assessed by comparing the fresh sample results obtained with the evaluated and comparative methods.Results Eight of 15 EQA materials and 3 of 13 calibrators or controls showed no matrix effects on all the 7 routine methods.One processed sample showed matrix effect on all the routine methods.Method dependent matrix effects of other materials were observed on other materials.Calibration biases were also observed on some enzymatic methods.Conclusions Matrix effects and calibration bias have been observed in serum urea measurements.Continued efforts are needed for improving the accuracy and the comparability of serum urea measurements.