Objective To investigate the effect of nuclear factor ?B(NF-?B)decoy on the chemokine expression in bladder cancer cell line. Methods Human bladder cancer cell line EJ,NF-?B decoy ODN were used as a NF-?B inhibitor(scrambled NF-?B decoy was used as control).NF-?B DNA binding activity was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA);and p65 subunit of NF-?B was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Chemokines including IL-8,MCP-1,RANTES were detected by RT-PCR. Results EMSA showed that NF-?B decoy inhibited NF-?B activation induced by TNF-?.RT-PCR or Western blot test suggested that p65,IL-8,MCP-1 and RANTES were upregulated by TNF-? and downregulated by NF-?B decoy.However,mutated decoy ODN had no effect on them. Conclusions Chemokines can be detected in bladder cancer.They are activated by TNF-? and inhibited by NF-?B decoy.

Objective To explore the influence factors of health literacy in middle-aged and elderly people in Hunan province.Methods With multi-stage randomized cluster sampling, people aged 45 years and over were selected from both urban and rural areas of six geographical regions of Hunan province, using the China residents health literacy questionnaire developed by Chinese Health Education Center, by face to face survey to get data. The influence factors were analyzed retrospectively with univariate and ordinal regression analysis.Results The 1158 persons were investigated and the valid questionnaires were 1154, the effective recovery rate was 99.7%. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in heath literacy among different degree of education, age, gender, marital status, income, region and occupation (all P＜0.05). The results of ordinal regression analysis Showed that the major influence factors were degree of education, income,age and occupation.Conclusions The people at low levels of education or income should be concerned about health education and health promotion strategies.

Objective To investigate the effect of anisodamine on oxygen metabolism and organ function in dogs with sepsis.Methods Twenty beagles were divided into sepsis group (n =8) and anisodamine-treated group (n =12) according to the random number table.The sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and puncture.Changes in thrombomodulin (TM),arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2),oxgen uptake rate (ERO2) and lactate were mearsured before and 1,3,8 and 24 h after operation.Wet/dry ratio of lung tissues and incidence of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) were detected 24 h after operation.Results Level of TM was increased progressively after operation,which was significantly higher in sepsis group than in anisodamine-treated group at 3,8 and 24 h [(28.7±15.9) vs (19.5 ±10.6)ng/ml,(36.5±20.8) vs (21.9±12.8)ng/ml,(52.6±32.7)vs (31.3 ± 18.4)ng/ml respectively] (P ＜ 0.05).The PaO2 decreased slowly after operation,with the decrease more significant in sepsis group than in anisodamine-treated group at 24 h [(65.6 ± 14.5) vs (83.3 ± 16.3)mmHg] (P ＜0.05).The ERO2 had a rise-and-fall trend after operation,with the level lower in sepsis group than in anisodamine-treated group at 24 h [(16.7 ± 3.1) ％ vs (21.7 ± 2.9) ％] (P ＜ 0.05).Level of blood lactate increased gradually,with the level higher in sepsis group than in anisodamine-treated group at 24 h [(4.4 ± 1.2) vs (3.1 ± 0.8) mmol/L] (P ＜ 0.05).Wet/dry ratio of lung tissues in sepsis group was (510 ± 80) ％ versus (370 ± 50) ％ in anisodamine-treated group at 24 h (P ＜ 0.05).Incidence of MODS in sepsis group was 38％ versus 17％ in anisodamine-treated group at 24 h (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Anisodamine may ameliorate the injury to vascular endothelial cells and oxygen metabolism disorder after sepsis and hence contributes to the reduction of sepsis-induced MODS.

The past decade has seen an explosion of new information on the physiology of penile erection, and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction (ED). Hypercholesterolemia is a chronic condition that can lead to degeneration in the vasculature bed and can result in ED if the penile vasculature is involved. Angiogenesis is the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature. Therapeutic angiogenesis seeks to harness the mechanisms of vascular growth to treat disorders of inadequate tissue perfusion, such as coronary artery disease and ED. There have been tremendous changes in the field of therapeutic angiogenesis over the past decade, and there is much promise for the future. Initial preclinical work with cytokine growth factor delivery resulted in a great deal of enthusiasm for the treatment of ischemic heart and/or peripheral vascular disease, though clinical studies have not achieved similar success. With an increased understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, novel therapies which target multiple different angiogenic pathways are also being developed and tested. The penis is a convenient tissue target for gene therapy because of its external location and accessibility, the ubiquity of endothelial lined spaces, and low level of blood flow, especially in the flaccid state. Therapeutic angiogenesis is an exciting field that continues to evolve. This review will focus on the development of growth factors for hypercholesterolemic ED, the use of various growth factors for ED therapy, their routes of delivery, and the results in animal studies.
Animals ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; therapy ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; complications ; Male ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; genetics

Aim To observe the effects of promethazine on the analgesia,hypnosis,amnesia and therapeutic index of isoflurane.Methods The experiments were designed to study promethazine on the analgesic effect of isoflurane by hot-plate test and writhing test,and to study the effect of promethazine on the sleeping time of isoflurane by the method of righting reflex,and the amnesia of isoflurane by Morris water maze,and the ED_(50),LD_(50) by sequential method in mice.Results The result of hot-plate test and writhing test indicated that promethazine could enhance the analgesic effect of isoflurane(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);through the experiment of righting reflex, sleeping time of isoflurane in mice was extended by promethazine(P＜0.01);in Morris water maze experiment, the average latency in the combination of promethazine and isoflurane was longer than that of the promethazine group or isoflurane group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), while aiming to the residence time, the combination of the two was shorter than that in the third quadrant(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),the TCPP of the group of isoflurance was more than that of the combination group;promethazine could decrease the ED_(50) of isoflurance(P＜0.01),but it did not obviously affect its LD_(50)(P＞0.05).Conclusion Promethazine can not only reinforce the effect of isoflurance on analgesia,hypnosis and amnesia, but also boost the therapeutic index of isoflurance.

ObjectiveTo observe female university students' differences of cognitive mechanism in processing different types of sexual picture from International Affective Picture System (IAPS).MethodsUsing event related potential (ERP),the differences of the amplitudes of N2,P3 and PSW were examined induced by the neutral pictures and different types of erotic pictures.ResultsThe amplitudes of N2 ( (0.99 ±1.69 ) μV) and P3 ( ( 17.27 ± 1.45 ) μV) elicited by heterosexual couple erotic pictures were highest,followed by the male erotic pictures( ( -0.02 ± 1.83 ) μV,( 15.92 ± 1.26 ) μV),and then were the female erotic pictures ( ( -0.22 ± 1.56)μV,( 15.49 ±1.34) μV).There was statistical significance in N2 and P3 between heterosexual couple erotic pictures and female erotic pictures ( P ＜0.05 ).There was no significant difference in PSW component between heterosexual couple erotic pictures( ( 15.22 ± 1.98 ) μV) and female erotic pictures ( ( 14.53 ± 1.75 ) μV ),but the PSW induced by male erotic pictures (( 10.93 ± 2.60 )μV) was significantly smaller than the other sexual pictures (P＜0.05).ConclusionThe level of sexual arousal elicited by explicit heterosexual couple erotic pictures is highest and also the attention maintains longest.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics of a Chinese pedigree with cardiac conductive disease complicated by atrial fibrillation and the therapeutic effect of the treatments.

METHODSAll the family members including the proband were screened with routine examination, electrocardiography, echocardiograpy, Holter recording, chest X-ray, blood biochemistry tests and autoantibody test. The proband received dual chamber pacemaker implantation combined with oral amiodarone treatment for 3 months. The patient was monitored for thyreoid function and chest X-ray during the treatments, and was followed up for another 3 months.

RESULTSClinical evidence of organic heart disease was found in none of the family members. The proband showed recurrent dizziness and chest distress, which exacerbated after exercise, and ECG showed atrial fibrillation and severe A-V block. The proband's uncle was found to have atrial fibrillation and III degree A-V block after a syncope episode at the age of 30, and received a pacemaker treatment. Her grandpa died from a heart attack without detailed clinical documentations. No other family members showed abnormal ECG or a history of any heart events. The proband's condition was improved by treatments, after which ECG and Holter recording showed pace rhythm without atrial fibrillation.

CONCLUSIONCardiac conductive disease with atrial fibrillation can present in one family, and can be managed effectively and safely with implantation of dual chamber pacemaker combined with oral amiodarone.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Atrial Fibrillation ; complications ; genetics ; therapy ; Atrioventricular Block ; complications ; genetics ; therapy ; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ; Female ; Heart Conduction System ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Pedigree ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effects of thyroid hormone on extremely severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the treatment of 105 patients with extremely severe TBI admitted from July 2010 to April 2014.There were 79 males and 26 females,with an average age of 32.9 years.The patients were divided into conventional treatment group (Group A,35 cases),conventional treatment ± thyroxine treatment group (Group B,35 cases) and thyroxine treatment group after the condition that thyroxine level was low (Group C,35 cases) according to the random number table method.The incidence of low T3 and T4,incidence of hypotension,the dosage of vasoactive drugs,function evaluation of liver and kidney damage,Glasgow outcome scale (GOS),and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) within 20 days after admission,and mortality rate within 30 days after admission were compared and analyzed.Results Within 20 days after admission,the rates of low thyroxine levels and hypotension of the Group B (22.9％,77.1％) were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (Group A:40％,100％;Group C:37％,100％) (all P ＜ 0.05).The doses of dopamine and norepinephrine in Group B was significantly lower than the other two groups and the combination rate of vasopressors in Group B was significantly lower than the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference between Group A and Group C (P ＞ 0.05).The corresponding data in Group A and Group C had no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The liver and renal dysfunction rates of Group B (29％,31％) were significantly lower than those of the other two groups (Group A:49％,51％;Group C:43％,51％) (all P ＜ 0.05).The corresponding data in Group A and Group C had no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).GOS in Group B [(4.8 ± 1.9) points] was significantly higher than that in Group A [(3.3 ± 0.2) points] (all P ＜ 0.05) within 30 days after admission and significantly higher than that of itself at the beginning [(3.6 ± 1.1) points] (P ＜ 0.05).The APACHE Ⅱ in Group A was significantly higher than those in other two groups as well as that in Group A at admission (P ＜ 0.05).Mortality rates in Group B (31％) and Group C (29％) were significantly lower than that in Group A (69％) within 30 days after admission (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Thyroxine can reduce the incidence of hypotension,liver and kidney injury rate in extremely severe TBI.Prevention is better than the supplementary treatment after severe TBI.Thyroxine can also reduce the mortality of extremely severe TBI within 30 days after admission.

Objective To evaluate the role of calcineurin ( CaN)/nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 4 protein ( NFATc4) signaling pathway in inflammatory responses in lung tissues of rats with ventilator-induced lung injury ( VILI) . Methods Twenty-four clean-grade healthy male Wistar rats, aged 5-8 weeks, weighing 220-250 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: control C (group C), VILI group and cyclosporine A plus VILI group (group CsA+VILI). The animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital and tracheostomized. The rats were mechanically ventilated for 6 h with the tidal volume set at 40 ml/kg and respiratory rate at 40 breaths/min to establish the model of VI-LI. The rats kept spontaneous breathing in group C. CaN specific inhibitor cyclosporine A 10 mg/kg was in-traperitoneally injected at 1 h before ventilation in group CsA+VILI. Rats were sacrificed immediately after ventilation, lung tissues were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate lung injury, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid was collected for determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) , inter-leukin-1beta ( IL-1β) and IL-6 concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the lungs were removed for determination of the wet to dry weight ratio ( W/D ratio) , expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1) ( by real-time polymerase chain reaction) , and expression of calcineurin and NFATc4 in lung tissues ( using Western blot ) . Results Compared with group C, the W/D ratio, lung injury scores and concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-αin BALF were significantly increased, and the expression of CaN, NFATc4, ICAM-1 mRNA and VCAM-1 mRNA was up-regulated in group VILI ( P＜0. 05) . Compared with group VILI, the W/D ratio, lung injury scores and concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-αin BALF were significantly decreased, and the expres-sion of CaN, NFATc4, ICAM-1 mRNA and VCAM-1 mRNA was down-regulated in group CsA+VILI ( P＜0. 05) . Conclusion CaN/NFATc4 signaling pathway mediates inflammatory responses in lung tissues of rats with VILI.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationships among pathological and immunohistochemical changes in liver tissues, and the HBeAg, HBV DNA, ALT level in the patients with chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSPathological and immunohistochemical examinations of liver tissue liver function tests, serum HBV and HBV DNA detection were performed in 194 patients with chronic hepatitis B.

RESULTSThere was significant difference between the serum HBeAg positive group and the negative group in G2, G3-4 S2, S3-4 in liver tissues; The serum HBV DNA level of the groups S0 and S1-4, and the hepatic activity index between the groups G0-1 and G2-4 were significantly different. And the hepatic HBcAg positive group and HBcAg negative group were significantly different too. There was no significant difference between the HBsAg level in liver tissues as "+" group and the "++ - +++" group. The pathological diagnosis as S1 or (and) G2 is respectively 28.57%, 53.33%, 80.15%, 77.88% among the four groups with normal-mild-moderate-severe elevated serum ALT level.

CONCLUSIONSerum HBV DNA correlated with HBcAg expression in liver tissue; the HBsAg level in liver tissues have no relationship with the serum HBV DNA level. The patients with low serum HBV DNA level may have high index of hepatic activity and hepatic fibrosis. Asymptomatic carriers and patients with low serum ALT level should be encouraged to accept liver biopsy. It can determine the degree of liver inflammation and fibrosis and timing of treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; pathology ; virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult