In recent years,with increasing investment on laboratory medicine scientific research in China,the project management,implementation,evaluation system and quality improvement become more and more important for research managers and executives.In this paper,the main problems of project execution and implementation and accordingly proposed some constructive suggestions were analysed,in the aspects of the leading role of principal investigator,periodical discussion,peer guidance,scientific progress management,effective using of project funds and the establishment of appropriate reward and punishment mechanisms.It is hoped that these suggestions can be used to achieve success in laboratory medicine research project.

Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders.Although the etiology is unknown,schizophrenia appears to be a polygenic disorder associated with environmental factors.There are evidences that intracellular signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.Canonical Wnt pathway,which is closely related to the development and function maintenance of central nervous system,have drawn wide attention.Evidences for potential disturbances of Wnt signaling pathways in schizophrenia have accumulated,which are in favour of the hypothesis that Wnt signaling alterations may be important in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.The research advances in the relationship between canonical Wnt signaling pathway and schizophrenia are reviewed in this paper.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between plasma D dimer levels and ovarian cancer, as well as its pathologic staging.Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria , articles published about the correlation between plasma D dimer levels and human ovarian cancer were searched by means of PubMed , Embase, CNKI and WanFang Data from their inception to December 31th , 2013.In addition , references′list of the included articles and their related citations in Pubmed were also reviewed for additional articles.After quality assessment of all studies , Meta-analysis and ANOVA were performed with RevMan 5.2 and SAS 9.1 for statistic analysis.Results A total of 13 articles were identified, including 679 cases of ovarian cancers , 685 cases of benign controls and 477 cases of healthy controls.Meta-analysis revealed that:(1) Plasma D dimer levels in ovarian cancer groups were higher than that in benign control groups ( Z =8.61, P <0.000 01 ) and healthy control groups ( Z =6.76, P <0.000 01);(2) Plasma D dimer levels in benign control groups were higher than that in healthy controls (Z=3.15, P=0.002); (3) Plasma D dimer levels in advanced ovarian cancer FIGO (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) were higher than that in early cancer FIGO (Ⅰ-Ⅱ) (Z=3.38, P=0.000 9);(4)But there were no difference between relapse groups and remission groups (Z=1.19, P=0.23).ANOVA revealed that:(1) There were significant difference of D dimer levels among ovarian cancer groups or benign groups , healthy control groups; ( 2 ) Significant increasing of D dimer levels was revealed by Pairwise ANOVA from healthy controls, benign controls to ovarian cancer.Conclusions Plasma D dimer levels were high in patients with ovarian cancer , especially in FIGO (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) ovarian cancer.No difference of D dimer levels were investigated between relapse phase and remission phase.

Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of GABAAα1, receptors in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods Nine male Wistar rats weighing 200-210 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 3 each): control group (group C) , sham operation group (group S) and neuropathic pain group (group P). Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constrictive injury. The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 3-0 chromic catgut. In group S, the right sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated. The thermal and mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before and 1,4,7, 10 and 14 d after operation. The animals were then sacrificed and the mPFC was removed. The expression of GABAAα1, receptors in mPFC was determined by Western blot. Results Compared with C and S groups, thermal and mechanical pain threshold were significantly decreased and the expression of GABAAα1, receptors was up-regulated in group P ( P ＜ 0.01) . There was no significant difference was in the thermal and mechanical pain threshold and expression of GABAAα1 receptors between C and S groups (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Up-regulation of GABAAα1 receptor expression in mPFC may be involved in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain in rats.

Despite the numerous advances in cardiovasular diseasec(CVD) prevention and control during the past decades, it remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, which is a huge burden for global health care.Because of the high cost and side effects of the drugs, it is necessary to find novel, cost-effective and efficient inventions for CVD prevention.Unhealthy lifestyles contribute as a risk factor, such as unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and psychosocial stress.To date, numerous studies have reported the benefit of meditation on health.This review discussed the effect of meditation on cardiovascular risks, including stress, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol drinking and atherosclerosis, as well as the effect on telomere.This review limited to sitting meditation alone (yoga, Qigong, and tai chi were excluded) to reduce the confounding influence of the effects of physical therapies.Overall, meditation showed possible benefits on reduction of cardiovascular risks and improved telomerase activity, although limitations on sample size, quality and methodology are included in current studies.Given its accessibility, low-cost and low-risk, meditation might serve as an adjunct to treatment and prevention of CVD.Since the limitations of current studies, further researches are needed to be established to confirm the benefit of meditation on cardiovascular disease.

Microglia play multiple roles in such processes as brain development, homeostasis, and pathology. Due to their diverse mechanisms of functions, the complex sub-classifications, and the large differences between different species, especially compared with humans, very different or even opposite conclusions can be drawn from studies with different research models. The choice of appropriate research models and the associated tools are thus key ingredients of studies on microglia. Mice are the most commonly used animal models. In this review, we summarize in vitro and in vivo models of mouse and human-derived microglial research models, including microglial cell lines, primary microglia, induced microglia-like cells, transgenic mice, human-mouse chimeric models, and microglial replacement models. We also summarize recent developments in novel single-cell and in vivo imaging technologies. We hope our review can serve as an efficient reference for the future study of microglia.

Objectives To study the current prevalence and recent epidemiological changes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among children and adults residing in regions with high ( Muping, Shandong) and low (Yanqing, Beijing) incidence of gastric cancer in China. Methods A total of 2065 asymptomatic children aged 8-15 years and adults aged 40-79 years in the above two regions were examined from May to July 2006. The data obtained in early 1990s in the same two areas and those of 11 656 patients undergoing endoscopy in our hospital in 1991 and 2006 were also collected and studied. Results The prevalence ofH. pylori infection in Muping was significantly higher than that in Yanqing among both children (37.69% vs25.58%, P<0.001) and adults (50.95% vs41.35%, P < 0. 01 ). From 1991 to 2006 H. pylori prevalence among children aged 8-10 years decreased in Muping (60. 00% vs 32. 07% , P < 0.001), but not in Yanqing (24.06% vs 19.10%, P > 0. 05 ) . A significant decrease in H. pylori prevalence among adults in both regions was observed when the results of 2006 were compared with the data obtained in 1990 in Muping (50.95% vs 73.78% , P < 0. 001 ) and in 1992 inYanqing (41.35% vs 55. 35% , P < 0. 01 ) . The detected rate of H. pylori infection in patients undergoing endoscopy in our hospital decreased from 51. 88% in 1991 to 33. 59% in 2006 (P <0. 001). Conclusions The prevalence of H. pylori infection is significantly higher in areas with a high incidence of gastric cancer in China as compared with that in areas with a low incidence of gastric cancer among both children and adults. H. pylori infection may be a risk factor in gastric carcinogenesis. In the past decade or more, H.pylori infection rates have decreased in Chinese population.

Objective To investigate the incidence of peptic ulcer (duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer) and the development of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in the population during 10 years after Hp eradication.Methods Subjects were chosen from general population and performed endoscopy.Among them,the individuals confirmed to be Hp positive were randomly divided into treatment group and placebo group.The patients in treatment group received OAC triple therapy (omeprazole 20 mg,clarithromycin 500 nag and amoxicillin 1000 re.g,twice daily) for one week.After that,both groups continuously followed up by endoscopy during at 1st,5th,8th and 10th year for incidence and relapse of peptic ulcer as well as status of Hp infection.The patients in treatment group were examined by 13C-UBT for Hp eradication one month after the completion of treatment.Results At the 1st year,the incidence of peptic ulcer between the treatment group and placebo group were 3.7% and 12.85% (P=0.0002),respectively.At the 5th year,they were 5.86% and 14.93% (P=0.0017),respectively.At the 8th year,they were 4.4% and 9.39% (P = 0.044),respectively.The incidence of peptic ulcer of the treatment group significantly decreased after the eradication therapy compared to the placebo group.After the eradication,at the 1st year,the recurrence rates were 3.70% and 38.1% between the treatment group and the placebo group (P=0.0027).At the 5th year,they were 14.81% and 42.86% (P=0.03).At 8th year,they were 14.81 and 47.62% (P=0.03),respectively.At the 10th year,they were 25.93% and 57.14% (P=0.028).Then the recurrence rates of the treatment group significantly decreased compared to the placebo group.During the 10-year follow up study,the rate of Hp reinfection after a successful eradication in the treatment group was high,and it was 46.4% at the 10th year.Conclusion Both the incidence and recurrence of peptic ulcer significantly decreased after Hp eradication.It is necessary of Hp eradication in patients with peptic ulcer.Hp reinfection after a successful eradication is more frequent.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to compare the accuracy of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) in the detection of manic state of bipolar disorders (BD) of single patients and multiple patients. METHODS: 21 hospitalized BD patients (14 females, average age 34.5±15.3) were recruited after admission. Spontaneous speech was collected through a preloaded smartphone. Firstly, speech features [pitch, formants, mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC), linear prediction cepstral coefficient (LPCC), gamma-tone frequency cepstral coefficients (GFCC) etc.] were preprocessed and extracted. Then, speech features were selected using the features of between-class variance and within-class variance. The manic state of patients was then detected by SVM and GMM methods. RESULTS: LPCC demonstrated the best discrimination efficiency. The accuracy of manic state detection for single patients was much better using SVM method than GMM method. The detection accuracy for multiple patients was higher using GMM method than SVM method. CONCLUSION: SVM provided an appropriate tool for detecting manic state for single patients, whereas GMM worked better for multiple patients’ manic state detection. Both of them could help doctors and patients for better diagnosis and mood state monitoring in different situations.
Bipolar Disorder* ; Diagnosis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Methods ; Smartphone ; Support Vector Machine*

Objective: Sex differences have been observed in many aspects of schizophrenia, including cognitive deficits. Despite extensive research into the relationship between metabolic factors and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, few studies have explored the potential sex difference in their association. Methods: We recruited 358 schizophrenia patients and 231 healthy controls. The participants underwent measurements of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. Metabolic risk factors included abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. A collection of these metabolic risk factors has been defined as metabolic syndrome. These diagnoses were based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III. Cognitive performance was measured using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). A descriptive analysis, difference analysis, and linear regression model were used to identify the metabolic risk factors for cognitive function in schizophrenia. Results: Our findings revealed sex differences in the rate of abdominal obesity and hypertension in schizophrenic patients. Additionally, we observed sex differences in the association between metabolic risk factors and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Specifically, hyperglycemia was associated with the immediate memory index score of RBANS in male patients, while dyslipidemia was associated with language, attention, delayed memory index scores, and RBANS total score in female patients. Conclusion Our results suggest that sex should be considered when evaluating the impact of metabolic disorders on the cognitive function of schizophrenic patients. Moreover, our study identifies hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia as potential targets for precise treatment by sex stratification, which could benefit the improvement of cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients.