Sulfite is commonly used in pharmaceuticals as a preservative. We report a unique clinical presentation of localized periorbital edema on the left eye after administration of sulfite-containing dexamethasone. The patient's sulfite sensitivity was confirmed by sulfite oral provocation test: periorbital edema on the same site developed after ingestion of 200 mg sodium bisulfite. She was non-atopic and did not complain of any respiratory symptoms. Allergy skin prick test with 100 mg/ml sodium bisulfite showed a negative result. She also has aspirin-sensitive urticaria which was confirmed by oral provocation test. In conclusion, sulfite can induce a localized periorbital edema, an uncommon manifestation in sensitive patients. Further investigations are needed to clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms.
Allergens/*therapeutic use ; Case Report ; Edema/*etiology ; Female ; Human ; Middle Age ; Orbital Diseases/*etiology ; Skin Diseases/drug therapy ; Sulfites/*therapeutic use

The progress of transplantation has been propelled forward by animal experiments.Animal models have not only provided opportunities to understand complex immune mechanisms in transplantation but also served as a platform to assess therapeutic interventions. While small animals have been instrumental in uncovering new therapeutic concepts related to immunosuppression and immune tolerance, the progression to human trials has largely been driven by studies in large animals. Recent research has begun to explore the potential of porcine organs to address the shortage of available organs. The consistent progress in transplant immunology research can be attributed to a thorough understanding of animal models. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the available animal models, detailing their modifications, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as their historical applications, to aid researchers in selecting the most suitable model for their specific research needs.

The progress of transplantation has been propelled forward by animal experiments.Animal models have not only provided opportunities to understand complex immune mechanisms in transplantation but also served as a platform to assess therapeutic interventions. While small animals have been instrumental in uncovering new therapeutic concepts related to immunosuppression and immune tolerance, the progression to human trials has largely been driven by studies in large animals. Recent research has begun to explore the potential of porcine organs to address the shortage of available organs. The consistent progress in transplant immunology research can be attributed to a thorough understanding of animal models. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the available animal models, detailing their modifications, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as their historical applications, to aid researchers in selecting the most suitable model for their specific research needs.

The progress of transplantation has been propelled forward by animal experiments.Animal models have not only provided opportunities to understand complex immune mechanisms in transplantation but also served as a platform to assess therapeutic interventions. While small animals have been instrumental in uncovering new therapeutic concepts related to immunosuppression and immune tolerance, the progression to human trials has largely been driven by studies in large animals. Recent research has begun to explore the potential of porcine organs to address the shortage of available organs. The consistent progress in transplant immunology research can be attributed to a thorough understanding of animal models. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the available animal models, detailing their modifications, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as their historical applications, to aid researchers in selecting the most suitable model for their specific research needs.

The progress of transplantation has been propelled forward by animal experiments.Animal models have not only provided opportunities to understand complex immune mechanisms in transplantation but also served as a platform to assess therapeutic interventions. While small animals have been instrumental in uncovering new therapeutic concepts related to immunosuppression and immune tolerance, the progression to human trials has largely been driven by studies in large animals. Recent research has begun to explore the potential of porcine organs to address the shortage of available organs. The consistent progress in transplant immunology research can be attributed to a thorough understanding of animal models. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the available animal models, detailing their modifications, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as their historical applications, to aid researchers in selecting the most suitable model for their specific research needs.

PURPOSE: Femorofemoral crossover bypass (FCB) is a good procedure for patients with unilateral iliac artery disease. There are many articles about the results of FCB, but most of them were limited to 5 years follow-up. The purpose of our study was to analysis the results of FCB with a 10-year follow-up period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 2010, 133 patients were operated in Samsung Medical Center (median follow-up: 58.8 months). We retrospectively analysed patient characteristics, the preoperative treatment, the operative procedure, and material used. RESULTS: The indications for FCB were claudication in 110 and critical limb ischemia in 23 patients. Three patients were died due to myocardiac infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, and acute respiratory failure within 30 days after surgery. The one-year primary and secondary patency rates were 89% and 97%, the 5-year primary and secondary patency rates were 70% and 85%, and the 10-year primary and secondary patency rates were 31% and 67%. The 5-year and 10-year limb salvage rates were 97% and 95%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our long term analysis suggests that FCB might be a valuable alternative treatment modality in patients with unilateral iliac artery disease.
Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Infarction ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Ischemia ; Limb Salvage ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Transplants* ; Vascular Patency

Angiomyolipoma is a benign renal tumor composed of thick- walled blood vessels, smooth muscle cells, and adipose tissue. Despite the aggressive biological and histological features associated with angiomyolipoma, the lack of distant metastasis led us to conclude that angiomyolipoma is a benign neoplasm. Epithelioid angiomyolipoma is a recently described variant type of angiomyolipoma of the kidney. Diagnosis is usually made by histological method and immunohistochemical staining with HMB-45. Several reports suggested the presence of malignant epithelioid angiomyolipomas showing multiple metastases and local aggressiveness. We report a case of epithelioid angiomyolipoma with multiple metastases. Local recurrence and liver, bone and lung metastases developed 11 months after radical nephrectomy. Right hepatectomy and wedge resection of left lobe of the liver with radiation therapy were done.
Adipose Tissue ; Angiomyolipoma* ; Blood Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Hepatectomy ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Nephrectomy ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the liver. The indications for operating on these lesions also remain unclear. To address these points, the clinical data of patients with hepatic hemangioma treated with surgical resections at our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of nineteen patients with hepatic hemangiomas who had undergone hepatic resection from January, 1985 to February, 2002 at Hanyang University Hospital. RESULTS: There were 19 patients, whose mean age was 46.7 years. The ages ranged from 34 years-64 years. There were 9 male patients and 10 female patients. The ratio of male and female was 1:1.1. Major symptoms were right upper quadrant pain, mass, epigastric pain, and non-specific GI symptoms. 14 cases of anatomical resections (6 right lobectomy, 3 left lobectomy, 5 left lateral segmentectomy) and 5 non anatomical resections were done. There were no postoperative deaths in this series. 6 patients (31.5%) developed operative complications. All of them were minor complications. During the mean follow up time of 87.8 months, symptomatic relief were achieved in 12 patients out of 14 patients who we could contact with outpatient follow up or telephone interview. One patient died of massive pleural effusion 4 years after operation. CONCLUSION: Hepatic resection in patients who had cavernous hemangioma in the liver was safe and effective treatment modality if patients were selected with suitable indications. Operation indications were severe symptoms, diagnostic uncertainty.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Liver* ; Male ; Outpatients ; Pleural Effusion ; Retrospective Studies* ; Uncertainty

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The pattern of chromosomal gains and losses in HCC with hepatitis B in Korean patients is very complex and involves virtually every site in the genome. This study was done to know the chromosomal aberrations in hepatocellular carcinoma with HBV and relationship between these lesions and previously known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. METHODS: DNA changes in 23 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) were analyzed by CGH technique. RESULTS: Eighteen of the 23 cases showed genetic alterations. The remaining 5 cases showed no detectable aberrations. The losses of chromosome regions 17p (74%), 4q (57%), 16p (52%), 16q (48%), 8p (43%) and 13q (43%) were detected in the order of decreasing frequency. In cases of multiple losses of chromosomes, a combination of 17p, 16p, 16q, 4q, and 8p losses was found in 5 cases (30%). On the other hand, chromosomal gains occurred on 1q (65%), 8q (52%), 20p (48%) and 20q (43%) in the order of decreasing frequency. And the simultaneous genomic gains of these 4 chromosomes were found in 9 cases (40%). Moreover, the combination of 5 genomic losses (17p, 16p, 16q, 4q, & 8p) and 4 genomic gains (1q, 8q, 20p, & 20q) was observed in 4 cases (23%). CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of chromosomal gains and losses in HCC with hepatitis B in Korean patients is very complex and involves virtually every site in the genome. This indicates a high genomic instability. This could possibly be explained either as the result of random chromosomal changes during early development of tumor, or as the highly variable and random pattern of integration of HBV in the HCC. The hepatocarcinogenesis may be the result of cumulative effects rather than those orders of occurrence of those genomic changes. The sites of cellular DNA at which HBV integrates frequently undergo rearrangements, resulting in translocations, inverted duplications, deletions, and possibly recombinational events. But, CGH only detects changes of chromosomal copy number but could not identify translocations, inversions, and other aberrations of chromosome. The chromosomal analysis of HCC with HBV in Korean patients by CGH technique confirms the presence of complex and sporadic, but nonrandom genetic changes in the chromosome. In the future, more detailed oncogenic study could be carried out on the chromosomes which showed abnormal aberrations through this study.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; DNA ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genome ; Genomic Instability ; Hand ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Oncogenes

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cancer is known to be a disease by many factors. However, specific results of reprogramming by pluripotency-related transcription factors remain to be scarcely reported. Here, we verified potential effects of pluripotent-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma cancer cells. METHODS: To better understand reprogramming of cancer cells in different genetic backgrounds, we used four liver cancer cell lines representing different states of p53 (HepG2, Hep3B, Huh7 and PLC). Retroviral-mediated introduction of reprogramming related genes (KLF4, Oct4, Sox2, and Myc) was used to induce the expression of proteins related to a pluripotent status in liver cancer cells. RESULTS: Hep3B cells (null p53) exhibited a higher efficiency of reprogramming in comparison to the other liver cancer cell lines. The reprogrammed Hep3B cells acquired similar characteristics to pluripotent stem cells. However, loss of stemness in Hep3B-iPCs was detected during continual passage. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that reprogramming was achieved in tumor cells through retroviral induction of genes associated with reprogramming. Interestingly, the reprogrammed pluripotent cancer cells (iPCs) were very different from original cancer cells in terms of colony shape and expressed markers. The induction of pluripotency of liver cancer cells correlated with the status of p53, suggesting that different expression level of p53 in cancer cells may affect their reprogramming.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line ; Genetic Background ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells* ; Liver Neoplasms* ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Transcription Factors ; Zidovudine