Objective To analyze the correlation between gross motor function and activities of daily living(ADL)in children with cerebral palsy.Methods 42 children with CP(26 males,16 females,average age 49.5±21.5 months,11 children with spastic quadriplegia,22 with spastic diplegia,5 with spastic hemiplegia,2 with athetosis and 2 with dystonia)were assessed with Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS)and Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM)for the assessment and classification of gross motor function.Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory(PEDI)was used to assess the ADL.The ADL of children with different levels of GMFCS and the correlation between gross motor function and ADL were analyzed.Results The more severe of GMFCS,the less standard score of PEDI.There was the highest correlation between the GMFM66 scores and scaled scores of PEDI in mobility and social function(r=0.84),whereas a weaker correlation appeared between GMFM66 scores and scaled scores of PEDI in social function(r=0.72).Conclusion Since the gross motor function of children with CP greatly affects the ADL,the gross motor function training should be the main item for CP children,the training goal of ADL should be made according to the levels of GMFCS.

Objective To work out the Cerebral Palsy-Gross Motor Function Questionnaire(CP-GMFQ) and evaluate the reliability,validity and responsiveness of CP-GMFQ.Methods 160 children with cerebral palsy(CP)(97 males and 63 females;average age: 47.7±20.1 months,range: 18～90 months) were involved.The first 27 children received second assessment to assess test-retest reliability with a interval of 7 to 18 days.Criterion-related validity was evaluated by comparing CP-GMFQ scores with Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS) levels and scores of Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM).21 children were randomly selected for responsiveness analysis by effect size.After a interval of 3 to 7 months the re-assessment GMFQ and GMFM were tested.30 children were randomly selected for comparative testing time of GMFQ and GMFM.Results GMFQ had excellent test-retest reliability(ICC=0.9940);criterion-related validity was excellent between GMFQ scores and GMFCS levels and GMFM scores(r=0.77～0.92).Effect size of GMFQ(0.34) between GMFM88 and GMFM66,testing time of GMFQ(average 4.7±1.6 min) were significantly less than testing time of GMFM(average 17.7±4.6 min)(P<0.001).Conclusion The reliability,validity and responsiveness of GMFQ are satisfying.The gross motor functions of children with cerebral palsy could be easy and reasonably measured by GMFQ.

Objective To investigate the related risk factors of the previous cemented vertebral body re-wedge after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).Methods In this retrospective case-control study,clinical data of 617 patients treated by PKP from December 2008 to November 2014 were analyzed.According to whether the cemented vertebra wedged again,the patients were divided into cemented vertebral re-wedge group (n =12) and non-cemented vertebral re-wedge group (n =605).The data of age,preoperative bone density,preoperative vertebral osteonecrosis,intraoperative bone cement injection amount,postoperative bone cement leakage,postoperative bone cement filling,postoperative recovery rate of vertebral wedge angle,and presence or absence of adjacent old vertebral wedging were recorded in two groups.All patients were followed up for one year,and the data were summarized and statistically analyzed.Results Single factor analysis showed the factors of whether there were adjacent old vertebral wedge,preoperative vertebral osteonecrosis,cystic bone cement filling,different wedge angle recovery rate,and emergence of previous cemented vertebral body re-wedge after PKP were statistically significant between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no obvious statistical difference in age,preoperative bone density,intraoperative bone cement injection amount,and intervertebral bone cement leakage between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed cystic bone cement filling,preoperative vertebral osteonecrosis,adjacent old vertebral wedging,and higher recovery rate of vertebral wedge angle were prone to appear previous cemented vertebral body rewedge (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Relatively higher recovery rate of vertebral wedge angle,previous adjacent old vertebral wedge,vertebral osteonecrosis,and cystic bone cement filling are risk factors closely related to cemented vertebral re-wedge after PKP,which gives a good reference to assess surgical risk,avoid risk factors and choose right surgical techniques.

Objective: To study the therapeutic effects of combined treatment with Chinese and western medicine in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: 104 CP children were treated mainly with physiotherapy and acupuncture, together with occupational therapy, sensory integration and electrical stimulation. Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) was used to assess the effects of treatment. Results: After treatment for 3.29±0.80 months, the majority of CP children improved their IQ and limb symptoms, with decreased abnormal posture, increased muscle strength and improved motor developmental function. GMFM88 and GMFM66 scores had significantly increased after treatment. Conclusions: Combined treatment with Chinese and Western Medicine has confirmed effects on CP children.

Objective To study the application value of electroencephalogram and CT in children with cerebral palsy.Methods Electroencephalogram and CT examinations were carried out in 224 children with cerebral palsy.Results Abnormal prevalence of electroencephalogram was 47.77%, 58.88% of which were found as epileptic discharge. Abnormal prevalence of CT was 79.46%. The abnormal rate of CT was significantly higher than that of electroencephalogram ( P<0.001). The abnormal rates of electroencephalogram and CT among different types of cerebral palsy were not significantly different ( P>0.05).Conclusion Combination of CT and electroencephalogram will be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment in children with cerebral palsy.

With the emergence and development of new dental materials, chairside computer aided design/computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) materials, as an important part of digital technology, is gaining increasing progress to meet the needs of implant restorations and digital processing technology for the mechanical properties, chemical stability, biocompatibility and processing properties. A large number of in-vitro experiments and clinical studies have been reported on various materials, such as polycrystalline ceramic, glass ceramic and indirect composite. The purpose of this article is to review the performance, the clinical indications and applications of the CAD/CAM materials for chairside digital workflow in implant prosthodontics.

Objective To investigate the effect of cinobufacini on inhibiting colorectal cancer metastasis by regula-ting the polarization of M2 macrophages.Methods THP-1 was induced into M0 type macrophages.The condi-tioned medium of HCT116 cells was collected to stimulate M0 type macrophages.The polarization of M2 type mac-rophages was observed by flow cytometry,real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA experiments.The conditioned me-dium of M0 type macrophages and HCT116-Mφ cells was collected to stimulate HCT116 cells.The ability of migra-tion and invasion was observed by wound healing assay and Transwell assay.The effect of cinobufacini on the via-bility of HCT116 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay.The conditioned medium of HCT116 and HCT116+cinobufa-cini was collected to stimulate M0 type macrophages.The polarization of M2 type macrophages was observed by flow cytometry,real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA experiments.The conditioned media of HCT116-Mφ cells and(HCT116+cinobufacini)-Mφ cells were collected to stimulate HCT116 cells.The changes of migration and inva-sion ability were observed by wound healing assay and Transwell assay.Results After stimulation of M0 type mac-rophages in HCT116 cell conditioned medium,the morphology of M0 macrophages turned into fusiform cells,the proportion of CD11b+CD206+cells increased,and the expression of M2 macrophage markers IL-10 and TGF-β in-creased.The migration and invasion ability of HCT116 cells were significantly enhanced after stimulation in the conditioned medium of HCT1 16-Mφ cells.After the addition of cinobufacini,not only the polarization proportion of M2 macrophages decreased,but also the metastatic effect mediated by M2 macrophages was inhibited.Conclusion HCT116 cells can induce the polarization of M2 macrophages,while cinobufacini can inhibit the tumor metastasis mediated by M2 macrophages by inhibiting the polarization of M2 macrophages.

Objective: To evaluate the primary clinical outcomes of immediate provisionalization with a monolithic crown utilizing a novel chairside computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) workflow for single tooth immediate implant placement. Methods: This pilot study was a prospective within-subjects design. Thirteen consecutive patients were included and diagnosed with untreatable single incisor or premolar with fine general and local anatomical conditions. The trial was conducted at Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, between January 2016 and June 2016. The teeth were extracted atraumatically and implants were immediately placed in the fresh sockets. Two screw-retained interim crowns were fabricated for the same site utilizing different workflows, a monolithic lithium disilicate (LS2) crown produced by CEREC (Sirona, Germany) chairside CAD/CAM system (CER group) and a manually fabricated resin crown utilizing conventional workflow (CONV group) respectively. The patients were blinded to the group allocation of the two interim crowns. After the clinical try-in for both crowns in a randomized sequence, the patients' level of satisfaction was assessed with a virtual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire. The restorations chosen by patients themselves were seated in the implants by one experienced prosthodontist. The accuracy, aesthetic effect and clinical time consumption of both groups were compared. Statistical analyses were performed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: All patients were treated with atraumatic tooth extraction, immediate implant placement using flapless surgery and immediate provisionalization in a single visit. The interim crowns of both groups could be fitted with or without slight adjustments. For each patient, the interim crown of CER group was chosen to be seated with a relatively higher VAS result. The white esthetic score (WES) results demonstrated no statistically significant difference between CER group (7.5±1.1) and CONV group (7.9±0.9) (P>0.05). The mean total work time was significantly different resulting in (131.9±5.0) min for CER group and (205.2±6.3) min(P<0.05). The major difference lied in the laboratory work time, resulting in (113.5±6.3) min for CER group which was significantly shorter than (185.6±6.6) min for CONV group. As for impression taking time, the CER group (7.5±0.8) min was significantly shorter than CONV group (11.7± 1.1) min (P<0.05). However, analysis for clinical adjustment time showed a significantly longer time for CER group [(11.0±2.1) min vs (8.0±2.8) min, P<0.05]. After 3-6 months of observation, the overall survival rate was 100%. Screw loosening occurred in 4 patients and was tightened again. No other major complication soccurred. Conclusions The full digital workflow utilizing CEREC chairside CAD/CAM system to fabricate interim crowns after immediate implant placement in one single visit was feasible. It was more time-efficient and could effectively shorten the laboratory work time compared to the conventional workflow. Patients demonstrated high satisfaction and there was no statistical difference in WES results compared to the conventional workflow. Favorable clinical outcomes were gained in this short-term follow-up study.

Objective: To establish a quantitative three-dimensional method based on intraoral scan and apply it to evaluation of the facial soft tissue contour alterations following single immediate implant and immediate provisionalization (IIPP) in central incisor via intraoral scanning. Methods: This study was a prospective clinical study. The trial was conducted at Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, from January 2016 to September 2017. Twenty-nine eligible consecutive patients (15 women, 14 men) with a mean age of (34.3±12.0) were included and received immediate replacement of the failure maxillary single central incisor. A screw-retained immediate restoration was delivered for each patient. At 6-month follow-up, impression was taken and a screw-retained permanent restoration was performed for each patient. The anterior maxillary region was scanned by an intraoral scanning system at pre-surgery and 1-year follow-up. The Standard Tessellation Language (STL) files were output to a dedicated software and superimposed. Mid-facial recession and gingival zenith symmetry at 1-year follow-up were measured in the digital models. Three-dimensional configurations of the contour change volume were calculated and reconstructed for visual analysis. Furthermore, the following parameters were used to analyze the reconstructed volume: mean contour change in thickness (△d), mesio-distal width (D_W), coronal-apical height (D_H), contour change at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm apical to the free gingival margin on the implant site. Results: Twenty-seven out of twenty-nine enrolled patients were finally available for analysis. At 1-year follow-up, the mid-facial mucosa level at implant site was (0.23±0.39) mm apical to the gingival zenith of the contralateral tooth. In general, a contour collapse was found in every patient. △d, D_W and D_H of the collapsed volume were (0.62±0.22), (11.03±1.74) and (6.82±1.52) mm, respectively. Contour change at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm apical to the free gingival margin on the implant site were (0.54±0.48), (0.87±0.62), (1.03±0.46), (0.96±0.52), (0.90±0.52), (0.89±0.57) mm. Conclusions The described quantitative measurement based on intraoral scan can be an effective method for assessment of soft tissue contour changes. At 1 year following single IIPP treatment in maxillary incisor, free gingival margin is stable, with only mild recession. The mean level of the facial soft tissue contour collapse is 0.62 mm.