Objective To explore the related risk factors for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in type 2diabetes.Methods The clinical data of 412 type 2 diabetes patients,diagnosed between 2003 and 2010,were analyzed retrospectively.The diagnosis of DR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)was confirmed by ophthalmoloseopy and fundus fluorescein angiography.Glycated hemoglobin Alc,glucose,insulin,and C-peptide of fasting plasma,and 1,2 and 3 hours postprandial plasma were measured.According to the above-mentioned data,get the fluctuation of glucose,insulin and C-peptide of 1,2 and 3hour postprandial plasma.Results The morbidity of DR and PDR increased following the longer disease duration.Age,diabetic duration,body mass index(BMI),hypertension grade,HbAlC,fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide,2 and 3 hours postprandial plasma glucose,1 and 2 hours postprandial plasma insulin,1,2 and 3 hour postprandial plasma C-peptide,1,2 and 3 hours postprandial plasma glucose,insulin and C-peptide fluctuation are different statistically among non-DR group,non-PDR group and PDR group(P＜0.05).3 hours postprandial plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin were risk factors of DR (P＜0.05).Conclusions Postprandial plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin were risk factors of DR.Nevertheless,postprandial insulin,fasting and postprandial C-peptide,postprandial plasma glucose,insulin and C-peptide fluctuation were useful for DR diagnosis.

Objective　To investigate the change of epithelium growth factor(EGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), superoxide dismutese(SOD) and hemorrheology (HL) in patients with diabetic retinopathy.Methods　EGF、TNF、SOD levels and HL changes have been measured in 30 NIDDM patients with retinopathy (DR group), 29 NIDDM patients without retinopathy (NDR group), and 29 patients with senile cataract and without diabetes as control (C group). Results　The mean levels of EGF、TNF and blood viscosity were significantly higher in both DR and NDR group than those in C group; the mean levels of SOD was significantly lower in both DR and NDR group than that in C group. The EGF、TNF and blood viscosity was significantly higher in proliferative type DR than in background DR; The SOD was significantly lower in proliferative type DR than in background DR.Conclusion　The development of diabetic retinopathy is related to the increase of EGF、TNF、blood viscosity and decrease of serum SOD.

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement plus hyperextension position reset for acute thoracolumbar vertebral osteoporotic compression fractures has been reported to achieve good clinical efficacy.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement plus hyperextension position reset for Kümmell disease in the elderly.METHODS:Twenty-two old patients with Kümmell disease were included,involving 8 males and 14 females,aged 55-84 years old,and the injuried vertebrae included T11 (n=2),T12 (n=8),L1 (n=7),L2 (n=4),L3 (n=2),L4 (n=2),and L5 (n=1).All patients underwent the unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement plus hyperextension position reset.The visual analogue scale and the Oswestry Disability Index scores,vertebral body height as well as vertebral kyphosis angle were determined before and after treatment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) All patients were successfully operated,pain relieved or disappeared within 24 hours postoperatively.No spinal cord injury,pulmonary embolism and other complications were found.One patient presented with cement leakage without obvious clinical symptoms;two patients had non-adjacent vertebral fractures during follow-up.(2) The visual analogue scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores at 1 day postoperatively were significantly lower than those at baseline (P ＜ 0.05).(3) The anterior,medial and posterior height of involved vertebral body,kyphotic angle of involved vertebral body at 1 day postoperatively were significantly higher than those at baseline (P ＜ 0.05).(4) These results manifest that unilateral percutaneous vertebropiasty with bone cement plus hyperextension position reset to treat Kümmell disease in the elderly can significantly relieve back pain,restore partial vertebral height,correct local kyphosis and improve functional recovery of the injured vertebrae.

Objective To work out the Cerebral Palsy-Gross Motor Function Questionnaire(CP-GMFQ) and evaluate the reliability,validity and responsiveness of CP-GMFQ.Methods 160 children with cerebral palsy(CP)(97 males and 63 females;average age: 47.7±20.1 months,range: 18～90 months) were involved.The first 27 children received second assessment to assess test-retest reliability with a interval of 7 to 18 days.Criterion-related validity was evaluated by comparing CP-GMFQ scores with Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS) levels and scores of Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM).21 children were randomly selected for responsiveness analysis by effect size.After a interval of 3 to 7 months the re-assessment GMFQ and GMFM were tested.30 children were randomly selected for comparative testing time of GMFQ and GMFM.Results GMFQ had excellent test-retest reliability(ICC=0.9940);criterion-related validity was excellent between GMFQ scores and GMFCS levels and GMFM scores(r=0.77～0.92).Effect size of GMFQ(0.34) between GMFM88 and GMFM66,testing time of GMFQ(average 4.7±1.6 min) were significantly less than testing time of GMFM(average 17.7±4.6 min)(P<0.001).Conclusion The reliability,validity and responsiveness of GMFQ are satisfying.The gross motor functions of children with cerebral palsy could be easy and reasonably measured by GMFQ.

Objective To assess the value of 64-slice computer tomography used in the preoperative evaluation of rectal cancer to predict the operative procedures. Methods There were 51 pathologically proven rectal cancer patients recruited, undergoing multi-slice computer tomagraphy (MSCT) assessment preoperatively. Preoperative MSCT stage and predictive operative procedures were recorded to compare with postoperative pathological stage and practical operative procedures. Kappa Coefficient for Diagnosis Coherence and Spearman correlation analysis were performed. Results The overall accuracy of CT-TNM stages were 74.5% which led to high coherence to pathological TNM stage ( Kappa value = 0.658,P=0.000). The univariate analysis showed that distance from tumor to dentate line (F = 3.386, P =0.042 ) and tumor thickness (F = 4.542, P = 0.016) was a statistically risk factor for operative procedures. Moreover, the significant correlation between tumor thickness (cc =0.319, P =0.023 ), as well as CT-M stage (cc = 0.369, P = 0.008) and CT-TNM stage ( cc = 0.365, P = 0. 008), and operative procedures was observed, by means of conducting Spearman correlation. The possibility of developing palliative stoma was 75%, when sufficing both CT-MI stage and tumor thickness ≥20 mm; The possibility of performing sphincter sparing radical operation reached 86% when both CT-T stage < 4 and distance from tumor to dentate line were referred by MSCT. Conclusion The objective parameters influencing development of operative procedures, involving tumor thickness, CT-M stage and CT-T stage, can be rendered by MSCT preoperative assessment, which served as valuable reference for clinical decision of operative procedures in retal cancer.

Hotlines ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; prevention & control ; virology ; Internet ; Preventive Health Services ; methods

Objective To determine the value of differential time to positivity ( DTTP ) of blood culture for the diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection ( CRBSI ) in patients with solid tumors in intensive care unit ( ICU ). Methods A retrospective study was conducted. 615 pairs of peripheral vein blood cultures and instantaneous catheter tip blood culture of 615 patients admitted to ICU of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were collected from August 2011 to March 2014. The DTTP method and ( or ) semi quantitative culture of catheter tip were compared. CRBSI was diagnosed when both cultures were positive for the same microorganism and DTTP ≥2 hours ( 120 minutes ). The result of this procedure was compared with that of organism obtained using the semi quantitative culture of blood at catheter tip with≥15 cfu. Based on the clinical diagnosis, the reliability of two kinds of laboratory examination was compared for the diagnosis of CRBSI by plotting receiver operator characteristic curve ( ROC curve ). Results The result of 615 cases suspected of having CRBSI were analyzed during the study period. Of these, 440 episodes were excluded because cultures were negative for blood obtained through peripheral vein and central vein. Eight episodes were excluded because only peripheral vein blood culture was positive and 57 episodes were excluded because of only central vein blood culture was positive, 68 pairs of blood cultures were excluded due to the presence of multiple catheters and repeated blood withdrawals. Two cases of polymicrobial cultures were excluded from the final analysis due to the difficulty in determining the time of positive result for each individual microorganism. Ten cases in 42 cases of suspected cases of CRBSI were excluded from analysis because catheter was not removed, therefore culture from catheter tip could not be obtained. Using the DTTP method, 14 out of 17 CRBSI cases were diagnosed with DTTP≥120 minutes, while 3 cases were missed;the semi quantitative catheter tip culture was positive in 13 cases, and in 4 cases it was neglected. In 2 cases of CRBSI it was missed by both methods. The area under the ROC curve ( AUC ) of DTTP, catheter tip culture and the combination method was 0.912, 0.882 and 0.941 for diagnosis of CRBSI, respectively. Validity values for the diagnosis of CRBSI for DTTP were:sensitivity 82.35%, specificity 92.31%, positive predictive value 93.33%and negative predictive value 80.00%, and they were higher than those of the catheter tip culture method only ( 76.47%, 84.62%, 86.67% and 73.33%). The specificity and positive predictive CRBSI combination of the two methods in the diagnosis value were up to 100%, the sensitivity ( 88.24%) and negative predictive value ( 86.67%) was also increased, but no significant differences were found with DTTP method (χ2=0.00, P=1.00;χ2=0.00, P=0.98;χ2=0.00, P=0.98;χ2=0.00, P=0.98 ). Conclusions DTTP can be a valid method recommended for CRBSI diagnosis in critically ill patients with acceptable sensitivity, good specificity as well as positive predictive value. DTTP combined with other clinical symptoms can not only avoid unnecessary catheter withdrawal, but it also can help obtain the optimal treatment time and strategy.

Objective To investigate the related risk factors of the previous cemented vertebral body re-wedge after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).Methods In this retrospective case-control study,clinical data of 617 patients treated by PKP from December 2008 to November 2014 were analyzed.According to whether the cemented vertebra wedged again,the patients were divided into cemented vertebral re-wedge group (n =12) and non-cemented vertebral re-wedge group (n =605).The data of age,preoperative bone density,preoperative vertebral osteonecrosis,intraoperative bone cement injection amount,postoperative bone cement leakage,postoperative bone cement filling,postoperative recovery rate of vertebral wedge angle,and presence or absence of adjacent old vertebral wedging were recorded in two groups.All patients were followed up for one year,and the data were summarized and statistically analyzed.Results Single factor analysis showed the factors of whether there were adjacent old vertebral wedge,preoperative vertebral osteonecrosis,cystic bone cement filling,different wedge angle recovery rate,and emergence of previous cemented vertebral body re-wedge after PKP were statistically significant between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no obvious statistical difference in age,preoperative bone density,intraoperative bone cement injection amount,and intervertebral bone cement leakage between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed cystic bone cement filling,preoperative vertebral osteonecrosis,adjacent old vertebral wedging,and higher recovery rate of vertebral wedge angle were prone to appear previous cemented vertebral body rewedge (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Relatively higher recovery rate of vertebral wedge angle,previous adjacent old vertebral wedge,vertebral osteonecrosis,and cystic bone cement filling are risk factors closely related to cemented vertebral re-wedge after PKP,which gives a good reference to assess surgical risk,avoid risk factors and choose right surgical techniques.

Objective To investigate the effects of hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF ) on proliferation and transdifferentiation of human Tenon capsule fibroblasts induced by transforming growth factor .β1(TGF.β1) in vitro. Methods Human Tenon capsule fibroblasts were cultured and divided into blank control group, TGF.β1 treated group and different concentrations HGF+TGF.β1 groups. The TGF.β1 at 10 μg/L was added into culture medium of the TGF.β1 treated group,and different concentrations of HGF (25,50,100,200 μg/L) and 10μg/L TGF.β1 were added into culture medium of the HGF25μg/L+TGF.β1 ,HGF50μg/L+TGF.β1 ,HGF100μg/L+TGF.β1 ,HGF200μg/L+TGF.β1 group respectively,Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) was employed to measure the cell proliferation ( absorbance at 560 nm) . Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate and locate the expression of α.smooth muscle action (α.SMA) in the cells. The expression ofα.SMA protein in the cells was detected by Western blot assay. Results Cultured cells showed fusiform in shape with the positive response for vimentin. The proliferation value of the cells was 0. 203±0. 025,0. 497±0. 101,0. 426±0. 062,0. 354±0. 040,0. 272±0. 084,0. 241±0. 011 in the blank control group, TGF.β1 treated group,HGF25μg/L+TGF.β1 group,HGF50μg/L+TGF.β1 group,HGF100μg/L+TGF.β1 group and HGF200μg/L+TGF.β1 group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups (F=9. 210,P=0. 003). Compared with the TGF.β1 treated group,the proliferation values of the cells were significantly reduced in the blank control group and HGF+TGF.β1 group ( all at P<0. 05 ) . Immunofluorescence staining showed that α.SMA protein mainly located in cytoplasm with the strong red fluorescence in the cells of the TGF.β1 treated group and weak red fluorescence in HGF+TGF.β1 group,and the expression of α.SMA was absent in the blank control group. The percentage of α.SMA.positive cells was ( 60. 0 ± 4. 7 )％ in the TGF.β1 treated group and ( 14. 3 ± 3. 1 )％ in the HGF+TGF.β1 group, with significant difference between the two groups (t=19. 856,P<0. 001). The relative expression levels of the α.SMA protein in the cells were 0. 642±0. 032,1. 330±0. 069 and 0. 884±0. 040 in the blank control group,TGF.β1 group and HGF100μg/L+TGF.β1 group, respectively, showing a significant difference among the groups ( F=13. 370, P<0. 001),and relative expression levels of the α.SMA protein in the cells were significantly lower in the blank control group and HGF100μg/L+TGF.β1 group than that in the TGF.β1 treated group (all at P<0. 05). Conclusions HGF can inhibit the proliferation of human Tenon capsule fibroblasts, down.regulate the expression of α.SMA protein induced by TGF.β1 and arrest the phenotype transformation of fibroblasts in vitro.

Objective To investigate the effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on proliferation and transdifferentiation of human Tenon capsule fibroblasts induced by transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in vitro.Methods Human Tenon capsule fibroblasts were cultured and divided into blank control group,TGF-β1 treated group and different concentrations HGF+TGF-β1 groups.The TGF-β1 at 10 μg/L was added into culture medium of the TGF-β1 treated group,and different concentrations of HGF (25,50,100,200 μg/L) and 10 μg/L TGF-β1 were added into culture medium of the HGF25 μg/L +TGF-β1,HGF50 μg/L +TGF-β1,HGF100 μg/L +TGF-β1,HGF200 μg/L +TGF-β1 group respectively,Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was employed to measure the cell proliferation (absorbance at 560 nm).Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate and locate the expression of α-smooth muscle action (α-SMA) in the cells.The expression of α-SMA protein in the cells was detected by Western blot assay.Results Cultured cells showed fusiform in shape with the positive response for vimentin.The proliferation value of the cells was 0.203±0.025,0.497 ± 0.101,0.426 ± 0.062,0.354 ± 0.040,0.272 ± 0.084,0.241 ± 0.011 in the blank control group,TGF-β1 treated group,HGF25 μg/L +TGF-β1 group,HGF50 μg/L +TGF-β1 group,HGF100 μg/L +TGF-β group and HGF200 μg/L + TGF-β1 group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups (F =9.21 0,P =0.003).Compared with the TGF-β1 treated group,the proliferation values of the cells were significantly reduced in the blank control group and HGF+TGF-β1 group (all at P＜0.05).Immunofiuorescence staining showed that α-SMA protein mainly located in cytoplasm with the strong red fluorescence in the cells of the TGF-β1 treated group and weak red fluorescence in HGF+TGF-β1 group,and the expression of α-SMA was absent in the blank control group.The percentage of α-SMA-positive cells was (60.0±4.7)％ in the TGF-β1 treated group and (14.3±3.1)％ in the HGF+TGF-β1 group,with significant difference between the two groups (t =19.856,P＜0.001).The relative expression levels of the α-SMA protein in the cells were 0.642 ±0.032,1.330± 0.069 and 0.884 ±0.040 in the blank control group,TGF-β1 group and HGF100μg/L +TGF-β1 group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups (F =13.370,P＜ 0.001),and relative expression levels of the α-SMA protein in the cells were significantly lower in the blank controlgroup and HGF100 μg/L+TGF-β1 group than that in the TGF-β1 treated group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions HGF can inhibit the proliferation of human Tenon capsule fibroblasts,down-regulate the expression of α-SMA protein induced by TGF-β1 and arrest the phenotype transformation of fibroblasts in vitro.