An incisional hernia is still one of the common complications of abdominal surgical procedures and is a significant source of morbidity. The exact incidence of incisional hernias has not been well defined, although a number of reports in the literature suggest that it is between 2% and 11%. Repair of incisional hernias is a common procedure from the surgeon's viewpoint. The authors evaluated the clinical data of 34 patients with incisional hernias at the Department of Surgery, Daedong Hospital, Busan, between January 1990 and December 1996. Incisional hernias were more common in females(9 men and 25 women), and the range of ages was 29 to 79. The incidence was highest in lower midline incisions. Some factors supposed to be associated with the development of incisional hernias were a lower midline incision, increased abdominal pressure, wound infection, reincision, and previous incisional hernia. Severe vomiting, abdominal distension, severe coughing, obesity, and pregnancy contributed to the increased abdominal pressure. An appendectomy was the most common preceding operation for the occurrence of an incisional hernia, although the incidence of appendectomies at the author's hospital was the highest of all other operations. The most frequent symptom or sign of the patients was mass or bulging at the previous operation site. Herniation occurred in 18 patients (52.9%) within 1 year after the preceding operation and herniorrhaphies were performed in 14 cases (41.2%) within 1 year after herniation. The size of hernia in 32 patients (94.1%) was less than 10 cm in diameter, and mesh was used in four patients (11.8%). The method of repair was determined by the size of the defect and by the tension around the defect. Postoperative follow up was made by telephone in 20 of the 34 patients. Among them, the authors were notified of two recurrent incisional hernias: One developed after an operation for mechanical obstruction due to an appendectomy. The other recurred at the lower midline incision for an operation due to rupture of the small bowel and was accompanied by wound infection.
Appendectomy ; Busan ; Cough ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hernia* ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Obesity ; Pregnancy ; Rupture ; Telephone ; Vomiting ; Wound Infection

The purpose of this study was to evaluate feasibility of Vertical Multileaf Collimator for determination of irradiation size using Vertical Multileaf Collimator and lead block to determine 4 different irradiation shape in case of Co-60 gamma-ray and 6 MV X-ray. We chose ion chamber, glass dosimeter and EBT chromic film to compare with Vertical Multileaf Collimator results and lead block results. In case of Co-60 gamma-ray and 6 MV X-ray, the central axis point dose normalized at reference field of lead block with ion chamber results for Vertical Multileaf Collimator were estimated higher than lead block about 5.1%, 4.2%. In case of Co-60 gamma-ray, the central axis point dose normalized at reference field of lead block with glass dosimeter results for Vertical Multileaf Collimator were estimated higher than lead block about 2.2%, 7.8%, 7.2%, 4.0% for reference, circle, triangle, cross field, respectively. In case of 6 MV X-ray, the central axis point dose normalized at reference field of lead block with glass dosimeter results for Vertical Multileaf Collimator were estimated higher than lead block about 6.7%, 6.2%, 3.8%, 6.2% for reference, circle, triangle, cross field, respectively. The results of EBT chromic film, Vertical Multileaf Collimator of penumbra size for all irradiation shape was smaller than lead block of those size that 2.0~3.5 mm for Co-60 gamma-ray, 0.5~1.0 mm for 6 MV X-ray. The results from this study, radiation treatment volume that results in shielding block can be minimized. In addition, during radiation treatment for 2, 3-dimensional radiation therapy using a Vertical Multileaf Collimator of this survey can be used to determine variety of irradiation fields.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Feasibility Studies ; Glass

The global obesity epidemic and associated metabolic diseases require alternative biological targets for new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we show that a phytochemical sulfuretin suppressed adipocyte differentiation of preadipocytes and administration of sulfuretin to high fat diet-fed obese mice prevented obesity and increased insulin sensitivity. These effects were associated with a suppressed expression of inflammatory markers, induced expression of adiponectin, and increased levels of phosphorylated ERK and AKT. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of sulfuretin in adipocytes, we performed microarray analysis and identified activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) as a sulfuretin-responsive gene. Sulfuretin elevated Atf3 mRNA and protein levels in white adipose tissue and adipocytes. Consistently, deficiency of Atf3 promoted lipid accumulation and the expression of adipocyte markers. Sulfuretin’s but not resveratrol’s anti-adipogenic effects were diminished in Atf3 deficient cells, indicating that Atf3 is an essential factor in the effects of sulfuretin. These results highlight the usefulness of sulfuretin as a new anti-obesity intervention for the prevention of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
Activating Transcription Factor 3 ; Adipocytes ; Adiponectin ; Adipose Tissue, White ; Animals ; Diet* ; Insulin Resistance ; Metabolic Diseases* ; Mice ; Mice, Obese* ; Microarray Analysis ; Obesity* ; RNA, Messenger