OBJECTIVE: The clearance rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) after conization is generally high, although some HPV infections persist. We investigated the factors that affect the clearance of HPV after conization in patients with negative margins. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 77 patients (mean age 39.9 years, range 25 to 51 years) with CIN 2/3 who underwent loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) conization with negative margins. All patients had a Pap smear and high-risk (HR) HPV testing using Hybrid Capture II system and HPV DNA chip before conization. We used> or =1 relative light units (RLUs) as the cutoff for persistence of HPV after conization. RESULTS: High-risk HPV was detected in 73 of 77 (94.8%) patients before conization. At the 6-months follow-up, the high-risk HPV was eliminated in 60 of 73 (82.2%) patients. The HPV persistence rate after conization was 17.8% (13/73). Univariate analysis showed that persistent HPV infection after conization with negative margins was more likely to occur when the pretreatment viral load was high (RLU/positive control >100 (p=0.027) and the HPV was type 16 (p=0.021). Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative HPV type 16 infection was the only significant independent factor (p=0.021) for HPV persistence out of age, cytology, punch biopsy histology, HPV viral load, and conization histology. CONCLUSION: Conization effectively removes HR-HPV infection. HPV type 16 infection before conization was significantly related to HR-HPV persistence after conization with negative margins. Therefore, patients with HPV 16 infection before conization need to be followed closely.
Biopsy ; Chimera ; Conization ; Follow-Up Studies ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Humans ; Light ; Logistic Models ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVE: Absence of dysplasia in the excised specimen following loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 is an occasional finding of uncertain clinical significance. We evaluated several factors including age, liquid-based Pap (LBP) test, human papillomavirus (HPV) load before treatment, and HPV typing as predictors for absence of dysplasia. Absence of dysplasia in LEEP specimens was analyzed in terms of factors for recurrent disease after LEEP conization METHODS: In total, 192 women (mean age, 39.3+/-8.4 years; range, 24 to 70 years) with biopsy-proven CIN 2/3 were treated by LEEP conization. Age, LBP test, histological grade, HPV load, and HPV DNA typing were evaluated as possible predictors of the absence of residual dysplasia or recurrent disease. RESULTS: Of the LEEP specimens, 34 (17.7%) showed no dysplasia in preoperative biopsies from patients with proven CIN 2/3. Low HPV load (<100 relative light units [RLU]) was significantly related to the absence of dysplasia in LEEP specimens, using logistic regression. Margin involvement and high HPV load (> or =400 RLU) were significant factors for recurrence. CONCLUSION: Absence of dysplasia in LEEP specimens occurred in 17.7% of our specimens. Prediction of the absence of dysplasia in LEEP specimens was associated with low HPV load. Residual/recurrent disease after LEEP was associated with a positive resection margin and high viral load, and was not associated with absence of dysplasia in LEEP specimens. Even if there is no dysplasia in conization specimens, close follow-up for residual/recurrent disease is needed.
Biopsy ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri ; Conization ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light ; Logistic Models ; Recurrence ; Viral Load

The purpose of this study was to evaluate feasibility of Vertical Multileaf Collimator for determination of irradiation size using Vertical Multileaf Collimator and lead block to determine 4 different irradiation shape in case of Co-60 gamma-ray and 6 MV X-ray. We chose ion chamber, glass dosimeter and EBT chromic film to compare with Vertical Multileaf Collimator results and lead block results. In case of Co-60 gamma-ray and 6 MV X-ray, the central axis point dose normalized at reference field of lead block with ion chamber results for Vertical Multileaf Collimator were estimated higher than lead block about 5.1%, 4.2%. In case of Co-60 gamma-ray, the central axis point dose normalized at reference field of lead block with glass dosimeter results for Vertical Multileaf Collimator were estimated higher than lead block about 2.2%, 7.8%, 7.2%, 4.0% for reference, circle, triangle, cross field, respectively. In case of 6 MV X-ray, the central axis point dose normalized at reference field of lead block with glass dosimeter results for Vertical Multileaf Collimator were estimated higher than lead block about 6.7%, 6.2%, 3.8%, 6.2% for reference, circle, triangle, cross field, respectively. The results of EBT chromic film, Vertical Multileaf Collimator of penumbra size for all irradiation shape was smaller than lead block of those size that 2.0~3.5 mm for Co-60 gamma-ray, 0.5~1.0 mm for 6 MV X-ray. The results from this study, radiation treatment volume that results in shielding block can be minimized. In addition, during radiation treatment for 2, 3-dimensional radiation therapy using a Vertical Multileaf Collimator of this survey can be used to determine variety of irradiation fields.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Feasibility Studies ; Glass