I-scan technology is the newly developed image enhanced endoscopy technology from PENTAX,Japan,which can visualize the capillary and the gap of glandular duct of gastrointestinal mucosa.i-scan images are as bright as conventional white-light images.Therefore,i-scan is able to observe much larger areas in a distant view compared with NBI.It has a broad application prospects.However,due to the lack of a unified diagnostic standard,the application of i-scan technology needs further study.This review summarizes the applications of high-resolution electron-staining endoscopy in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases.

Objective To seek an effective and feasible treatment for esophageal carcinoma with unequal fractionation radiotherapy.Methods 160 patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma were randomized into an unequal frationation radiotherpy (UEFRT) group and a conventional fractionation radiotherapy (CFRT) group with 80 cases on each side. All the patients were simulated and irradiated by three port technique. Patients in the UEFRT group received D T70 Gy, at 4 Gy once daily, 5 days in the first week, then at 2 Gy daily, 5 days per week during the following five weeks. In the CFRT group,70 Gy was delivered with the routine regimen. Results The 5 year local control rates in UEFRT and CFRT groups were 46.3% and 27.5%(P

Objective To evaluate the value of i-Scan in the diagnosis of Barrett′s esophagus.Methods 52 patients diagnosed with Barrett′s esophagus by gastroscopies and pathological examinations were observed under the ordinary edoscopy and i-Scan respectively.Besides,the Barrett's esophageal mucosa were classified by Endo with i-scan mode, the target lesions was taken to be biopsied and pathologically examined.Results ( 1 ) In the 52 patients,mucosal lesions were found in 46 cases (88.5%) under i-Scan and 35 cases (67.3%) under ordinary edoscopy respectively,mucosal lesion detection rate in i-Scan was significantly higher than normal white mode( P<0.01).In the 33 patients which found mucosal lesions in the two modes,the definition of lesion margins,morphology of lesion cryptaeand mucosa capillaries revealed by i-Scan were superior to that by white lighted endoscopy ( P<0.05);(2) Under i-scan mode,the detection of specific intestinal metaplasia ( SIM) of typeⅣ,type V in sensitivi-ty,accuracy,specificity were respectively 90.0%,93.5%,94.4%.Conclusion i-Scan is very easy to operate and has a clear lesion of Barrett′s esophagus,which helps to target the lesion at pathological biopsy.

OBJECTIVE To investigate drug resistance of Escherichia coli,especially the prevalence of the genes for TEM and SHV type ?-lactams in ESBLs-producing E.coli. METHODS A total of 2277 strains of E.coli collected in our hospital from Jan 2006 to Nov 2008 were analyzed for drug resistance to 21 kinds of antibiotics such as aminoglycoside,?-lactams and quinolones using VITEK-32 GNS-145 or GNS-448 card following GNI + for identification.PCR methods were used to analyze TEM and SHV type ?-lactams genes in 36 strains of E.coli with ESBLs so as to study their prevalence. RESULTS From them 1025 strains of E.coli were found positive for ESBLs,with a positive rate of 45.0%.Drug resistance rates were 83.0%,74.0%,52.0%,52.0%,29.1%,27.8%,16.5%,47.0%,31.0%,54.5%,53.0%,56.8%,10.0%,53.9%,38.5%,5.0%,4.0%,5.0% and 5.0%,respectively,for ampicillin,ampicillin/sulbactam,cefazolin,cefuroxime,aztreonam,cefepime,ceftazidime,ceftriaxone,cefotaxime,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,gentamicin,amikacin,tobramycin,Co-trimoxazole,nitrofurantoin,piperacillin /tazobactam,cefoperazone/sulbactam and cefoxitin.None was found resistant to imipenem or meropenem.Twenty-five and 14 strains of E.coli were found positive for TEM and SHV genes,respectively(69.4% and 38.9%). CONCLUSIONS Drug resistance of E.coli is severe.The local E.coli with ESBLs shows high positive rates of TEM and SHV genes,which play an important role in its severe drug resistance.

Objective To investigate drug resistance,especially the resistance to aminoglycoside and the prevalence of the genes for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in Escherichia coli producing ESBLs.Methods VITEK-32 GNI+ cards and K-B methods were used to identify E.coli and detect the resistance to 18 kinds of antibiotics such as aminoglycoside and ?-lactams respectively in E.coli isolated from our hospital from January to December,2006.PCR method was used to detect the genes for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes such as aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6')-Ⅰb,aac(6')-Ⅱ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ and ant(2″)-Ⅰ in those 17 strains producing ESBLs.Results Resistance rates were 100.0%,100.0%,41.6%,100.0%,69.5%,30.5%,98.2%,81.0%,81.0%,79.6%,79.2%,34.8%,15.4%,7.1%,7.9%,5.4% and 81.0% for ampicillin,ampicillin/sulbactam,aztreonam,cefazolin,cefepime,ceftazidime,ceftriaxone,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,gentamicin,tobramycin,amikacin,cifoxitin,nitrofurantoin,piperacillin/tazobactam,cefoperazone/sulbactam and co-trimoxazole respectively in E.coli producing ESBLs.No drug-resistant strain imepenem was found.Positive rate was 46.4% for ESBLs.Resistance rates were 52.9%(9/17),100.0%(17/17) and 100%(17/17) for amikacin,gentamycin and tobmycin respectively in those 17 strains producing ESBLs.The most genotype for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes was aac(3)-Ⅱ(94.1%),the second was aac(6')-Ⅰb(35.3%).The positive rates of aac(3″)-Ⅰ and ant(2″)-Ⅰ were 11.8% and 5.9% respectively.of them,one strain was resistant to aminoglycoside on phenotype,but no genes mentioned above was detected.4strains were classical on genotype,one with aac(6')-Ⅰb-Cr,the other one with a new subtype among the 6 strains of E.coli with aac(6')-Ⅰb.Conclusions Drug resistance in E.coli is rather serious.Typically,E.coli producing ESBLs shows multi-drug resistance.Positive rate for aac(3)-Ⅱ takes the first place,followed by aac(6')-Ⅰb among the genes for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes.Aac(3″)-Ⅰand ant(2″)-Ⅰ show both lower positive rates.Aac(3)-Ⅰ and aac(6')-Ⅱ were not found.There exist at least 3 sub-types of aac(6')-Ⅰb,one kind of gene for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in strains of E.coli.Among those sub-types,the classical type is the main,accompanied by aac(6')-Ⅰb-Cr and its new sub-type.

The Delphi method was called into play to determine the level-1 indicator,level-2 indicator and plus-minus indicator for evaluating clinicians of various academic titles,while the ranking method was used to determine the weight of these indicators.The Chi-square test found P＞0.05,proving this indicators system as consistent for clinicians at all levels; the t test found the majority as P＞0.05,indicating the weight of level-2 indicators for dimciam of different titles as different with partial consistence.This system is proved to be scientific,comprehensive,objective and authentic in evaluating clinicians of various levels Targeted evaluation and appraisal system guarantees quality of care and medical safety,which functions as an efficient meansfor better hospital management and better quality of care,paving the wayfor reforms in income distribution system and personnel system in the hospital.

Objective:To construct a self-examination index system for hospital legal practice, and provide effective reference for the self-examination work of hospital practice in accordance with the law.Methods:From May 2021 to September 2022, a multi-dimensional and multi-level indicator system was initially constructed through literature review and expert interviews; Delphi expert consultation method was used to carry out a three-round questionnaire survey, experts were invited to assess the importance of indicators, and the weight values of indicators were processed by using analytic hierarchy process-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.Results:The Cs value of consulting experts′ familiarity with the survey content was 0.84, Ca value of judgment basis was 0.78, Cr value of authoritative evaluation was 0.81, and Kendall W value was 0.630. The index system of hospital self-examination included 5 first-level indexes, 19 second-level indexes, and 30 third-level indicators. The 5 first-level indicators included institutional practice, personnel practice, disinfection and prevention of infectious disease, online diagnosis and treatment, and anti-fraud insurance, with weights of 0.235, 0.186, 0.188, 0.185, and 0.206 respectively. Among the second-level indicators, the weights of rational use of medical insurance fund, internet hospital and internet diagnosis and treatment, organization qualification and practice behavior were the highest, with values of 0.206, 0.185, 0.122 and 0.113 respectively. Among the third-level indicators, the internet hospital physician qualification, whether the hospital had obtained the license to practice, cracking down on fraudulent insurance practices, real-name medical treatment, and reasonable and standardized use of health insurance costs had the highest weight, which were 0.185, 0.122, 0.076, 0.065, and 0.065, respectively. Conclusions:The self-examination index system of medical institutions is scientific, which could help the medical institutions to practice self-examination and ensure medical quality and safety.

To explore how to create and optimize a promotion index system of medical quality evaluation, this article focuses on the hospital visiting process from patients, using analyzing collected those index system from couples of Grade Ⅲ hospitals in Beijing, and combining the results of literal study, field study and specialist consult, according to the different situation of general hospitals and specially hospitals, with the spirit of "maintaining the patients benefits, safeguarding the patients safety,and enhancing the medical quality", introduces the framework of the promotion index system, the rules to select the indicator, and so on, and discusses several problerns related to creating the index system.

From the view-point of a front-line research team in clinical laboratory medicine , the advantages of microfluidic technology and its prospect in the field of in vitro diagnosis ( IVD) were reviewed in this paper. This paper introduces the application of microfluidics in molecular diagnosis , immune detection and microbial pathogen testing , showing the value of this technology in meeting challenges posed by clinical laboratory medicine .Opportunities and challenges of microfluidic IVD technology under the new situation were also discussed.The authors believe this technology will play a great role in promoting the improvement of clinical laboratory technology .

The ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by a newly discovered β Coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). How long the adaptive immunity triggered by SARS-CoV-2 can last is of critical clinical relevance in assessing the probability of second infection and efficacy of vaccination. Here we examined, using ELISA, the IgG antibodies in serum specimens collected from 17 COVID-19 patients at 6-7 months after diagnosis and the results were compared to those from cases investigated 2 weeks to 2 months post-infection. All samples were positive for IgGs against the S- and N-proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Notably, 14 samples available at 6-7 months post-infection all showed significant neutralizing activities in a pseudovirus assay, with no difference in blocking the cell-entry of the 614D and 614G variants of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, in 10 blood samples from cases at 6-7 months post-infection used for memory T-cell tests, we found that interferon γ-producing CD4
Adaptive Immunity/physiology* ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood* ; COVID-19/immunology* ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology* ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology* ; Time Factors ; Viral Proteins/immunology*