Background: This study aimed to investigate the changes in facial width according to the ostectomy level of the proximal segment after orthognathic surgery using intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) in patients with mandibular prognathism. Methods: The participants included 32 individuals who were diagnosed with class III malocclusion prior to surgery. All participants underwent orthognathic surgery using either version of IVRO. The surgery patients were categorized into two groups depending on the type of proximal bone-segment ostectomy technique used: patients whose osteotomy height was at the level of the mandibular tooth occlusal surface (the mandibular tooth surface–level group) and patients whose osteotomy height was at the level of the mandibular inferior border (the mandibular inferior border–level group). The distances between the mandibular width and soft tissue width at the height of the sigmoid notch, mandibular foramen, and alveolar bone and at the anterior-posterior location of the mandibular condyle, mandibular foramen, and coronoid process were compared between the groups. All data were compared to identify differences between preoperative and postoperative measurements. Results: The postoperative change in facial soft tissue width at the intersection of the coronal plane with the coronoid process and the horizontal plane at the height of the mandibular alveolar bone in the group with osteotomy at the level of the mandibular occlusal surface differed significantly from that in the group with osteotomy at the level of the mandibular inferior border, with respective increases (mean ± SD) of 1.3 ± 3.5% and 4.7 ± 5.6%, compared to preoperative measurements (p = 0.050). Conclusions Proximal segment ostectomy at the level of the mandibular occlusal surface must be considered with regard to postoperative facial soft tissue width in vertical ramus osteotomy. Additionally, it is necessary to study the visual effect of the width of the mandible appearing small because of the posterior position of the mandible, even when the mandibular facial width is maintained.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between improvements in lip asymmetry at rest and while smiling after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion. METHODS: This study included 21 patients with skeletal class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry. We used preoperative and postoperative CT data and photographs to measure the vertical distance of the lips when smiling. The photographs were calibrated based on these distances and the CT image. We compared preoperative and postoperative results with the t test and correlations between measurements at rest and when smiling by regression analyses. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between the postoperative changes in canting of the mouth corners at rest, canting of the canines, canting of the first molars, the slope of the line connecting the canines, and the slope of the line connecting first molars. The magnitude of the postoperative lip line improvement while smiling was not significantly correlated with changes in the canting and slopes of the canines, molars, and lip lines at rest. CONCLUSIONS: It remains difficult to predict lip line changes while smiling compared with at rest after orthognathic surgery in patients with mandibular prognathism, accompanied by facial asymmetry.
Facial Asymmetry* ; Humans ; Lip* ; Malocclusion ; Molar ; Mouth ; Orthognathic Surgery* ; Prognathism ; Smiling*

BACKGROUND: The present study introduces the design and fabrication of a simple surgical guide with which to perform genioplasty. METHODS: A three-dimensional reconstruction of the patient's cranio-maxilla region was built, with a dentofacial skeletal model, then derived from CT DICOM data. A surgical simulation was performed on the maxilla and mandible, using three-dimensional cephalometry. We then simulated a full genioplasty, in silico, using the three-dimensional (3D) model of the mandible, according to the final surgical treatment plan. The simulation allowed us to design a surgical guide for genioplasty, which was then computer-rendered and 3D-printed. The manufactured surgical device was ultimately used in an actual genioplasty to guide the osteotomy and to move the cut bone segment to the intended location. RESULTS: We successfully performed the osteotomy, as planned during a genioplasty, using the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) surgical guide that we initially designed and tested using simulated surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical guide that we developed proved to be a simple and practical tool with which to assist the surgeon in accurately cutting and removing bone segments, during a genioplasty surgery, as preoperatively planned during 3D surgical simulations.
Cephalometry ; Computer Simulation ; Computer-Aided Design ; Genioplasty* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Osteotomy

Background: We investigated the efficacy of a maxillary Jackson-Pratt (J-P) suction drain for preventing maxillary sinus hematoma and facial swelling after maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy (LF1). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 66 patients who underwent LF1 at a single institution. Of these, 41 had a J-P suction tube inserted in the mandible and maxilla (maxillary insertion), and 25 had a J-P drain inserted in the mandible only (no maxillary insertion). Facial CT was obtained before and 4 days after surgery. We compared mean midfacial swelling and maxillary sinus haziness by t test and examined correlations between bleeding amount and body mass index (BMI). Results: For the maxillary-insertion group, the ratio of total maxillary sinus volume to haziness (57.5 ± 24.2%) was significantly lower than in the group without maxillary drain insertion (65.5% ± 20.3; P = .043). This latter group, however, did not have a significantly greater midfacial soft tissue volume (7575 mm3) than the maxillary-insertion group (7250 mm3; P = .728). BMI did not correlate significantly with bleeding amount or facial swelling. Conclusions Suction drainage in the maxilla reduced maxillary sinus haziness after orthognathic surgery but did not significantly reduce midfacial swelling.

Background: We investigated the efficacy of a maxillary Jackson-Pratt (J-P) suction drain for preventing maxillary sinus hematoma and facial swelling after maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy (LF1). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 66 patients who underwent LF1 at a single institution. Of these, 41 had a J-P suction tube inserted in the mandible and maxilla (maxillary insertion), and 25 had a J-P drain inserted in the mandible only (no maxillary insertion). Facial CT was obtained before and 4 days after surgery. We compared mean midfacial swelling and maxillary sinus haziness by t test and examined correlations between bleeding amount and body mass index (BMI). Results: For the maxillary-insertion group, the ratio of total maxillary sinus volume to haziness (57.5 ± 24.2%) was significantly lower than in the group without maxillary drain insertion (65.5% ± 20.3; P = .043). This latter group, however, did not have a significantly greater midfacial soft tissue volume (7575 mm3) than the maxillary-insertion group (7250 mm3; P = .728). BMI did not correlate significantly with bleeding amount or facial swelling. Conclusions Suction drainage in the maxilla reduced maxillary sinus haziness after orthognathic surgery but did not significantly reduce midfacial swelling.

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype affects clinical outcomes of HCV infection, in terms of the response to antiviral therapy and progression of chronic liver diseases, and shows geographic differences in distribution. The aim of this study was to elucidate the HCV genotypes in patients with chronic HCV infection in Jeju, which is an island off the Korean peninsula. METHODS: The study population consisted of 162 patients with anti-HCV antibodies and HCV-RNA. HCV genotypes were determined using genotype specific primers. RESULTS: HCV genotype 2a predominated (62.3%), followed by genotype 1b (34.0%) and 2b (3.7%). The prevalence of genotypes differed significantly with age, with HCV genotypes 1 and 2 being more frequent in older and younger subjects (P=0.035), respectively. HCV-RNA levels were higher in patients with genotype 1 than in those with genotype 2 (P=0.001). HCV genotype was not significantly related to sex, clinical diagnosis and potential risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: HCV genotype 2a is most common in Jeju, followed by genotype 1b. Our results suggest that the distribution of the HCV genotype differs between regions in Korea.
Aged ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus/*classification/genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology/*virology ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Rural Population