Objective To construct yeast eukaryotic expression vector carrying human endostatin (ES) cDNA. Methods The functional fragment of endostatin gene in human hepatic tissue was amplified by using RT-PCR technology, and cloned into yeast pPIC9 expression vector. The positive clone was sequenced by using automatized sequencer. Results The endostatin cDNA was successfully cloned. The positive ES clone gene in pPIC9 expression vector was sieved, and its coding sequence was identified to be as same as the previously reported sequence. Conclusion The successful construction of ES gene in pPIC9 expression vector using molecular biological method maybe helpful for the high expression of ES protein, which may lay the foundation for the treatment of malignant tumor through anti-angiogenesis appoach.

Objective:To study the effect of simvastatin therapy on bone density and metabolism in rats with osteoporosis. Methods:Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four group: control group-A (sham operation group), ovariectomized group-B(OVX), OVX with oestrogen treatment group-C and OVX with simvastatin treatment group-D. Thirty days after surgery, oestrogen replacement therapy(nilestriol 1 mg/(kg?d), ig once a week for 12 weeks) in group-C and simvastatin therapy(with simvastatin 5 mg/(kg?d), ig once a day for a week, paused for two weeks,and given for another one week,until 12 weeks)in group-D.After 12 weeks, all rats were sacrificed. On the 12th day and the 4th day before sacrifice,all rats received subcutaneous injections of tetracycline as in vivo label. The proximal tibiae of rats were processed to undecalcified sections and stained with HE or Von Kossa.The microarchitecture was studied by bone histomorphometry. Results:Osteoporotic changes in proximal tibiae were observed in all ovariectomized rats and not in sham-operated rats. There was significant difference in static parameters (%Tb.Ar, Tb.N,Tb.Sp) comparing group C or D with group B respectively(P

AIM:To observe the therapeutic effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of rats and to investigate the underlying mechanism.METHODS:SD rats (n=21) were used to estab-lish a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model by feeding a high fat diet for 12 weeks, and other 11 rats were fed with a normal diet for 16 weeks.The model rats were randomly divided into 2 equal groups:one group was treated with glucagon-like pep-tide 1 analog (0.6 mg· kg-1 · d-1 ) by intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks, the other group using saline as a control.Af-ter treatment, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, blood lipids, liver function and the pathological changes of the hepatic tissues were evaluated and the expression of PKCεat mRNA and protein levels in the liver tissues was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively.RESULTS:Compared with model group, the intervention of GLP-1 significantly re-duced insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), improved the liver function (P<0.05), decreased the liver index and blood lipids (P<0.05).HE staining showed obvious pathological changes of the hepatic tissues in model group, and the inter-vention of GLP-1 significantly reduced lipid droplets in the hepatocytes and improved the structural damage of the liver.The expression of hepatic protein kinase Cε( PKCε) at mRNA and protein levels significantly decreased which were reversed by treating with GLP-1.CONCLUSION:GLP-1 shows good therapeutic effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of rats, pos-sibly by controlling lipid metabolism and reducing insulin resistance, which may be related to PKCεexpression.

Objective: To investigate pathophysiological mechanism of tardive dyskinesia (TD) by comparing the level of serum prolactin ( PRL ) of schizophrenic patients with TD to that of patients without TD (TD-) and normal volunteers. Methods: To assay the level of serum PRL in normal controls (n=44), chronic schizophrenic patients with TD (n=46), and without TD (n=46) by radio-immunity assay (RIA). The TD group and TD^group were matched by age, medication,disease duration matched. AIMS (abnormal involuntary movement scale) was used to measure the severity of TD. Results: The concentration of PRL in serum in the normal group (617?358?IU/ml), patients with TD (1277?1011?IU/ml) and TD- (913?602?IU/ml) had significant difference (P0.05). Conclusion: The concentration of PRL in serum in patients with TD was increased significantly.

Objective:to do neuropsychological tests and apply functional questionnaire in screening of Alzheimer disease in rural area of north China. Method: subjects positive in screening with MMSE were applied a battery of neuropsychological tests including Fuld Object Memory test (FOM), a categorical test (Animal Naming Test), Digit Span Subtest from WAIS-R, and Block Design Subtest from WISC-III. Examination of apraxia and Pfeffer Functional Questionnaire were also applied.Result:There were significant differences of FOM in different groups, such as Alzheimer disease (AD) group, vascular dementia (VD) group, depression group, and VD+AD group. FOM had better sensitivity and specificity, while the sensitivities of RVR and apraxia were low, and the specificity of Digital Span and Block Design were not high enough.Conclusion:FOM may play an important role in diagnosis of Alzheimer disease.

Objective: Affective disorder patients can be effectively treated by electro-acupuncture methods without many side effects, but the mechanism of the treatment is not known. The object of this study was to discover whether there is change of guanine-nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) level in platelets membrane from major depression patients before and after treatment by fluoxetine and electro-acupuncture. Methods:We utilized selective antibodies to quantitate the levels of the G-protein ? subunits in platelets membrane of 78 major depression patients (24 received fluoxetine treatment, 24 received electo-acupuncture treatment and 30 received placebo treatment) and 30 matched comparison subjects.Result:Levels of both G?i and G?q of the patient groups were higher than matched normal comparison subjects before treatment of fluoxetine and electro-acupuncture,the level of G?i and G?q did not change after the treatment of fluoxetine, electro-acupuncture and placebo. The level of G?s wasn't significantly different with matched comparison subjects.Conclusion:The levels of G?i、G?q in platelets membrane from major depression patients are higher than normal, the high levels of G?i and G?q in platelets membrane may be a trait abnormality for major depression patients, not a state abnormality for major depression.

[Objective] To investigate the influence of injection of substance P (SP) and its antagonist into locus ceruleus on electroacupuncture of Neiguan for acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). [Methods] Rabbit model of AMI was set up by ligating left ventricular branch of coronary artery. Forty-nine rabbits were allocated to five groups: Group A (the control group), Group B (electroacupuncture of Neiguan), Group C (injection of SP), Group D (electroacupuncture of Neiguan and injection of SP) and Group E (electroacupuncture of Neiguan and injection of SP antagonist) . Locus ceruleus was located by cerebral stereotaxic apparatus. Dynamic changes of ST segment of electrocardiogram and morphological feature of myocardium were observed. [ Results ] Injection of SP promoted the recovery of AMI and enhance the effect of electroacupuncture of Neiguan for AMI. However, the above effects were counteracted by the injection of SP antagonist. [Conclusion] SP plays an important role in reducing the damage of AMI on electroacupuncture of Neiguan and may serve as an important mediator for the connection of Neiguan and the heart.

Objective To evaluate reoperations for benign bile duct strictures after a prewousRoux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.Methods Clinical date of 28 patients with previous reconstruction of Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for benign bile duct strictures were retrospectively analyzed.For data staftstical analysis t-test and stepwise logistic regression analysis were used.Results Reoperative surgery was performed for residual biliary stones with bile duct stricture in 10 cases(35.7%),simple anastomotic stricture of hepaticojejunostomy in 11 cases(39.3%),remained biliary stricture after initial rear in 6 cases (21.4%).anastomotic leakage with duodenal leakage in one case(3.6%).Mode of reoperation:18 cases (64.3%)underwent hepatic lobectomy with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy,liver splitting approach to Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in 5 cases(17.9%),right hemihepatectomy in one case(3.6%),resection of anastomotic stenosis involved segment and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in one case(3.6%),abdominal drainage and duodenum fistulization and jejunum ostomy in one case(3.6%),choledocholithotomy with T-tube drainage in 2 cases(7.1%);Thirteen patients(46.4%)developed postoperative complications.Conclusion Biliary tract stenosis remains the main cause for reoperation in patients undergoing a faeled reconstruction.Wide and patent biliary tract drainage and reconstruction somenmes necessitate a hepatic lobectomy.

Objective To develop a gut-brain interaction animal model of IBS which combines multiple factors including behavior, visceral sensation and motility. Methods Setting up a multifactor interactional animal model (chronic acute combining stress model, CACS) based on a chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression (CUMS) while combined with wrap restraint stress (WRS) , changes of some indexes were recorded including motility (granules of defecating, time of defecating), visceral sensitivity ( spontaneous contraction of abdominal striated muscles ) and behavior/mind ( sucrose consumption, body weight). G protein subunits were measured by Western blot in both hippocampus and prefrontal cortex simultaneously. Results ( 1 ) Compared with the state before stress given, defecating granules increased, defecating time of glassie from rectum shorten, number of abdominal contraction increased, and sucrose consumption decreased in CACS, however, neither significant change was found on defecating behavior in CUMS nor on sucrose consumption in WRS; (2) Compared with the control group, some G protein submits expression decreased in both CACS and CUMS( P < 0. 05 ) , while no significant changes of any G protein subunits were found in WRS. Conclusion The CACS animal model was a new, brain-gut interaction model, which can mimic part of human symptoms of IBS very well.

BACKGROUND:Pressure sensitive instrumented shoes are fast and easily used tools to measure ground reaction forces. Currently researches about the utilities of these systems in assessment of gait in children with neurological diseases have been started to run.OBJECTIVE: To find the gait characteristics of dynamic plantar pressure in children with spastic cerebral palsy. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.SETTINGS: Department of Rehabilitation, Songgang People's Hospital; Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Children's Hospital; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. PARTICIPANTS: ① Patient group: Twenty children with spastic cerebral palsy were selected from Shenzhen Children's Hospital from May 2004 to April 2005, including 9 boys and 11 girls, aged 26-66 months old, and they all could walk for more than 10 m independently. ② Normal control group: 52 healthy children with normal walking ability were enrolled, including 28 boys.and 24 girls, aged 35-76 months old.METHODS: Ultraflex gait analysis system was used to perform continuous plantar pressure tests of both groups of children. Diagram and data of dynamic plantar pressures in gait were recorded and analyzed with a computer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① 10 sequential gait cycles were chosen from the continuous stable steps to calculate the average data with the software; ② Differences of the characteristic parameters of plantar pressure curve between the two groups.RESULTS: ① The curves of plantar pressure to time of testees in the normal control group were of the wave shapes with two peaks and one valley. Half of the CP children could not perform the two-peak shape pressure curve in the gait analysis. One kind of abnormal plantar pressure curve style was a wave shape with only one peak. Another kind of abnormal plantar pressure curve style was a shape showing asymmetry between sides and variation in different steps even in the same side. Two-peak shapes of dynamic plantar pressure were recorded in 10 CP children. ② Characteristic parameters picked up from the curves of plantar pressure had been compared between the two groups. Significant difference have been found in ts of both sides and tz1,tz2,tz3 on the right side between the two groups. It was shown that the single-limb support time of both sides in the CP children was longer than that in healthy children [left: (0.879± 0.658), (0.472±0.051) s; right: (0.818±0.682), (0.478±0.050) s; P ＜ 0.01]. The tz1 and tz3 on the right side in the CP children were longer and while the tz2 was shorter than those in the healthy children. CONCLUSION: ① Using dynamic plantar pressure gait analysis system, plantar pressure curves can be observed directly, and information about kinetic characters can be drawn straightly. ② Part of patients with spastic CP could not perform the two-peak shape pressure curves in gait analysis. In patient can be recorded of two-peak shape dynamic plantar pressure curves, ts of both sides are shorter than those in healthy children, tz1 and tz3 on the right side is longer and tz2 is shorter than those in healthy children.