AIM:To observe the therapeutic effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of rats and to investigate the underlying mechanism.METHODS:SD rats (n=21) were used to estab-lish a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model by feeding a high fat diet for 12 weeks, and other 11 rats were fed with a normal diet for 16 weeks.The model rats were randomly divided into 2 equal groups:one group was treated with glucagon-like pep-tide 1 analog (0.6 mg· kg-1 · d-1 ) by intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks, the other group using saline as a control.Af-ter treatment, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, blood lipids, liver function and the pathological changes of the hepatic tissues were evaluated and the expression of PKCεat mRNA and protein levels in the liver tissues was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively.RESULTS:Compared with model group, the intervention of GLP-1 significantly re-duced insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), improved the liver function (P<0.05), decreased the liver index and blood lipids (P<0.05).HE staining showed obvious pathological changes of the hepatic tissues in model group, and the inter-vention of GLP-1 significantly reduced lipid droplets in the hepatocytes and improved the structural damage of the liver.The expression of hepatic protein kinase Cε( PKCε) at mRNA and protein levels significantly decreased which were reversed by treating with GLP-1.CONCLUSION:GLP-1 shows good therapeutic effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of rats, pos-sibly by controlling lipid metabolism and reducing insulin resistance, which may be related to PKCεexpression.

Objective To investigate the association between the polymorphisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) gene C270T and sporadic Alzheimer's disease(SAD) in Han Chinese.Methods The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RELP) was used to detect BDNF gene C270T genotype and allele frequencies in 55 SAD patients and 80 age-and sex-matched healthy people(as normal control group).Results The frequencies distribution of BDNF gene C270T genotype and allele in the normal control group were suit to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(?2=0.167,P=0.682).The frequencies distribution of genotype and allele in the SAD group[C/C:52(94.5%),C/T:3(5.5%) and C:97.27%,T:2.73%]and normal control group[C/C:74(92.5%),C/T:6(7.5%) and C:96.25%,T:3.75%] were no statistical differences.Conclusion There is no association between the polymorphisms of BDNF gene C270T and SAD in Han Chinese.

Objective To compare the effects of hypertonic saline,acetic acid and acetic acid-hypertonic saline(AAHS) solution on the ablated volume produced by hepatic radiofrequency ablation(RFA) in rabbits in vivo,and to determine the optimal synergist for radiofrequency ablation.Methods Thirty big-ear white rabbits were equally divided into group A(RFA alone),group B(RFA with 36% NaCl injection),group C(RFA with 50% acetic acid injection),group D(RFA with 50% AAHS injection),group E(50% AAHS injection alone),and group F(36% NaCl injection alone),with five rabbits in each group.Follow-up exam with CT scanning was made.The experimental rabbits were sacrificed by stages.The livers were collected and fixed in 10% formalin.Both the longitudinal and transverse diameter of the necrosis lesion produced by radiofrequency ablation were measured,the results were compared among groups.Results The difference in the lowest impedance value between group A and other groups was statistically significant(P 0.997).The persistent time of group A was significantly shorter than that of both group B and group D(P

Objective To seek more direct evidence of the role of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in controlling visuospatial attention.Methods Forty healthy subjects took the Attention Network Test following continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) applied over the left or right PPC or sham stimulation.The Attention Network Test measures the alerting,orienting and executive control components of visual attention separately.Results Subjects responded to spatial cues significantly slower after cTBS.Alerting and orienting showed deficits after cTBS over the right PPC.cTBS over the left PPC resulted in significant improvements in alerting,but not in the orienting.Furthermore,there were significant differences in the alerting and orienting indices between cTBS over the left and right PPC,but not in the executive control index.Conclusions The results suggest that the right PPC is associated with spatial orienting and the alerting function.The findings supported the theory of inter-hemispheric competition for visuospatial attention.Visuospatial attention bias might be selectively modulated through cTBS.

Objective The impact of complement Clq on inflammation in beta amyloidstimulated microglia.Methods After the cultured BV-2 microglial cells were treated with 100mg/L beta-amyloid fibers (fAβs),some of them were given C1q,others wcrc given C1q and C1qA.Then,interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) in the supernatant and cell lysate were determined by the sandwich ELISA.Results A significant increase in TNF-α started at giving 50 nmol/L C1q after 100 mg/L fAβs (F =1177.27,P＜ 0.05),while the release of TNF-α was significantly suppressed by using 50 nmol/L C1qA on basis of this(P＜0.05).The level of IL-6 showed no above change.Conclusions C1q may enhance the inflammation of Aβ-induced BV-2 microglia cells and TNF-α may play important role in this effect.

Objective To investigate the tracing value of drug-loaded nano-active carbon for lymphatic visualization and its potential application in the lymphadenectomy of gastric cancer. Methods Sixty-three patients with advanced gastric carcinoma were randomized into 2 groups:control group and tracing group. For the tracing group, 5-Fu-loaded nano-active carbon (NP-5-FU) suspension was intratumorally administered by preoperative gastroscope-guided or intra-operative injection. No tracing reagents was given in the control group. The numbers of removed lymph nodes and metastasis-involved lymph nodes as well as the lymph node staining were recorded and compared between the two groups. The adverse effects was monitored. Results The resected lymph nodes in the tracing group were much more than that of control group (43.73 ± 9. 25 vs. 25. 36 ± 4. 73, t = 3.82,P ＜ 0. 05). For the N1, N2 and N3 lymph nodes, 27. 17 ± 5. 82,13.73 ± 4. 61 and 2. 83 ± 0. 15 per case of the tracing group were desected, while they were 14. 45 ± 2. 75,8. 27 ± 1.89, and 2. 64 ± 0. 11 per case in the control group,respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). 26. 2% (211/842) of the lymph nodes in the tracing group showed black intensity,higher than that of unstain lymph nodes (4. 5% ,21/470,χ2 =95. 108,P ＜0. 05) and that in control group (16.9%, 142/837)( χ2 =7.485 ,P ＜ 0.05, ). No local and systemic adverse reactions were observed for the local injection of nano-active carbon. No extension of operating time and increased complications occurred. Conclusion Local injection of nano-active carbon which was loaded with 5-FU around the tumor is a very useful measure to trace the lymph nodes and facilitate the lymphedetectomy and chemotherapy.

Objective　To study the mechanisms of Pericarpium Arecae. Methods　A total of Wistar rats were randomly divided into Pericarpium Arecae group and control group, Pericarpium Arecae decoction or distilled water were given respectively. Changes of gastrointestinal motility rats were assayed by Dextran blue-2000 after 1 and 6 hours. The distributions of SP and VIP in antrum and jejunum were investigated by immunohistochemistry assay. Results　The gastrointestinal motility of rats was markedly enhanced (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The expressions of SP increased significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and the expressions of VIP decreased significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in antrum and jejunum of rats at 1 and 6 h after Pericarpium Arecae decoction was given. The changes were more obvious at 1 h than at 6 h. Conclusion　The kinetogenic effect of Pericarpium Arecae is closely correlated to the increase of SP expression and the decrease of VIP expression in gastrointestinal tract.

Objective To investigate any correlation between walking capacity, center of mass, and pelvic and hemiparetic lower limb motions in stroke survivors. Methods The kinematic variables studied included maximum walking speed, center of mass ( CoM ), pelvic movements and lower-limb movements on the paretic side. These were examined using a three-dimension motion analysis system as thirty-two post-stroke hemiparetic patients walked without aids. Results Average walking capacity was significantly correlated with lateral shifting of the CoM, with paretic limb hip extension, and with deficient knee flexion motions. There was a significant correlation between lateral CoM shifting and paretic limb hip extension and also deficient knee movement. Conclusions Walking capacity after stroke is associated with the lateral shifting of the CoM, paretic limb hip extension and deficient knee flexion. The lateral CoM shifting was associated with paretic limb hip extension and deficient knee movements.

AIM:To observe the effect of spironolactone on myocardial fibrosis of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).METHODS:Sixteen fourteen-week-old male SHRs were randomly assigned to spironolactone and SHR group equivalently(n=8).Rats in each group were given 30 mg ? kg-1 ? d-1 spironolactone and equal sodium chloride respectively for 12 weeks by gavage.Eight fourteen-week-old male SD rats were as control group.Connective tissue growth factor(CTGF),transforming growth factors beta-1(TGF?1),collagenⅠand Ⅲ were measured by qualitative and semiquantitative immunohistochemical staining and semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Masson staining was used to determine total collagen in left ventriculum.Alkaline hydrolysis method was used to detect the concentration of hydroxyproline(Hypro)in the myocardium of left ventricle.RESULTS:Left ventricular index(LVI),collagen volume fraction(CVF),Hypro and the expression of TGF?1,CTGF,collagenⅠand Ⅲ in SHR group were significantly higher than those in SD group(P

Objective To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on HIF-1? and VEGF expressions in acute leukemia bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)and the possible underlying mechanism.MethodsBMSCs from normal health individuals and acute leukemia patients were cultivated.The appropriate time and concentration of ginsenoside Rg3 on BMSCs' proliferation were assessed by MTT.The BMSCs were treated with ginsenoside Rg3,and mRNA levels of HIF-1? and VEGF were detected by RT-PCR.In addition,the expre-ssion of HIF-1?,VEGF,p-Akt and p-ERK proteins were measured by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays.ResultsAfter the addition of ginsenoside Rg3,MTT showed that the appropriate concentration and time was 40 ?g/ml and 24 h respectively.HIF-1? and VEGF expressions at mRNA and protein levels were reduced significantly(P