Calcium calculi account for about 80% of urolithiasis with high incidence and recurrence rate. Recurrent urolithiasis increases the risk of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Comprehensive metabolic evaluation is of paramount importance for the prevention of calcium calculi. With deepening of the study on the pathogenesis of calculi, we find crystallization inhibitors, inflammation and oxidative stress molecules play an important role in the formation of calculi, and susceptibility gene sites of urinary calculi are identified in succession. These may be used as novel markers for the prevention and evaluation of urinary calculi. Models that predict the risk of kidney stone recurrence can help warn people at high risk.

Objective For selecting and developing the excellent Bupleurum chinense to mass-produce seedlings and seeds in high quality.Methods B.chinense was picked from eight different areas,such as Lingchuan and Wanrong county in Shanxi Province,Longxi county in Gansu Province,and Shangluo in Shaanxi Province,etc.Rapid propagation was done.The testa of Zhongchai No.1 was scrapped or seeds were soaked in different phytohormones.The effects on germination rates of seeds were compared.ResultsThe optimum medium for bud propagation was B5supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L KT.The optimum medium for root induction of test-tube plantlets was 1/2 MS added with 0.1 mg/L NAA,0.5 mg/L IBA,and 1.0 mg/L DSC.The annual propagation coefficient of B.chinense plants was more than 1?108,and the survival rate of transplantation reached to 94%—97%.The phytohormone has little effect on seed germination of B.chinense,but scraping the testa could increase the germination percentage of seeds to 20% and shorten the germinating time greatly.Conclusion By tissue culture of excellent B.chinense,a great deal of plants and seeds could be produced in short time.By scrapping testa in a certain extent,the germination of seeds could be increased.

Objective To evaluate the effect of clinical pathway in pulmonary thrombus embolism (PTE) .Methods 60 cases of PTE were admitted department of respiratory from 2011 to 2012 and divided into the experimental group and the control group ,30 cases for each group .The control group was implemented with normal process of hospital management while experimental group de-veloped clinical pathways .The efficacy ,department of respiratory drug costs ,complications and patient satisfaction were recorded and computed .Results The average department of respiratory and drug costs in experimental group respectively was (17 .13 ± 2 .22)days ,(16 545 .04 ± 1 557 .44) RMB and (7 050 .83 ± 372 .74) RMB ;less than (19 .77 ± 3 .41)day ,(17 709 .45 ± 1 902 .05) RMB and (7 345 .75 ± 450 .82) RMB in control group ,there were significant difference between the two groups (P<0 .05) .The satisfaction scores of experimental group and the control group respectively were (93 .47 ± 3 .88)sores and (90 .90 ± 5 .30)scores , there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0 .05) .The therapeutic effect and complication rates between experi-mental group and control group were no significant difference (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The effect of clinical pathway in PTE have a positive role in reducing hospitalization time ,total costs ,drug costs and increasing satisfaction ,it is worth to develop in primary hos-pital .

Adult ; Aged ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology

Tibetan medicine Edgeworthia gardneri is the flower bud of Edgeworthia gardneri, mainly distributed in the eastern Tibet as well as the northwest and west parts of Yunnan. It is called one of the " Eighteen treasures of Qinghai-Tibet" and has been used in many Tibetan secret recipes for a long time. Nowadays, the local people often drink E. gardneri Meisn tea for blood glucose regulation and health care. In this study, the related papers were searched in CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu, PubMed and other databases by using the keywords " Lv luo hua" and " flower of E. gardneri Meisn" . Then the status quo of the flower of E. gardneri was summarized from three aspects: provenance, chemical compositions and extraction method, as well as efficacy and function. It is found that E. gardneri mainly contains coumarins, flavonoids, polysaccharides and polyphenols. The extraction methods of E. gardneri include ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction, supercritical CO₂ extraction, and bio-enzyme-assisted extraction method, et al. The extraction of flavonoids and polyphenols is more common. In terms of medicinal efficacy, it has many medicinal effects such as regulating blood sugar, lowering blood fat, anti-oxidation, enhancing immunity and anti-tumor. The flower of E. gardneri has broad pharmacological effect, attracting more and more scholars to research it. However, studies on its medicinal effectiveness both at home and abroad are mainly focusing on it' s crude extractions or extracts, with no in-depth studies on action mechanism. This review aims to summarize the provenance, main chemical compositions and extraction methods, efficacy and effect of the flower of E. gardneri, especially focusing on the research on the medicinal efficacy and mechanism of the flower of E. gardneri, and provide a reference for the further research of the flower of E. gardneri.

The glomerular filtration rate, which reflects the filtration function of kidney, is defined as the amount of plasma filtered from the kidney per unit of time. It cannot be measured directly, but only indirectly by the clearance rate of substances with specific properties. At present, the estimated GFR based on creatinine and(or) cystatin C has been gradually popularized, and its estimated formulas are all mathematical fitting formulas based on measured GFR. Different estimated formulas refer to different GFR measurement methods, which may lead to differences in GFR estimation. In this paper, several factors of GFR measurement by the clearance rate of substances, including material characteristics, clearance types, blood collection times and time points of plasma clearance, and comparison of different GFR measurement methods, are reviewed, and the new GFR measurement materials are briefly introduced. The plasma clearance of iohexol has a good application prospect because of its operability, easy standardization and promotion. Metabolomics has the potential to discover new markers for the measurement of GFR.

Objective:To evaluate the proper blood collection time and calculation formula by measuring the iohexol plasma clearance as a representative of glomerular filtration rate at the same time of routine enhanced computed tomography (CT) examination.Methods:The prospective study method was applied, and 9 subjects with normal renal function, who admitted in Civil Aviation General Hospital from September 2018 to June 2019, were included. A single bolus of a standard dose (5 ml) (iodine concentration: 350 mgI/ml) was injected. The concentration of iohexol was measured from heparin plasma at fasting state of the subject and at nine different times after the injection, respectively. More than 24 hours after the injection of the standard dose, an enhanced CT-level dose (50 ml) of iohexol was injected to the subject and the concentration of iohexol was measured at similar time points as the standard dose. Using a multi-point method of a standard dose as the standard, the clearance rate was calculated by three kinds of formulas including Groth and Aasted formula, Jacobsson formula and Fleming formula with the single-point method to assess iohexol plasma clearance at 0.5 to 8.0 hours post injection of enhanced CT-level dose. The correlation consistency and accuracy of the multi-point method and the single-point method, as well as the dual-point method and the single-point method were compared, and the proper blood collection time and calculation formula of the single-point method at regular enhanced CT-level dose were evaluated. The correlation between the multi-point method and the single-point method, as well as the dual-point method and the single-point method were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient; the consistency between the multi-point method and the single-point method, as well as the dual-point method and the single-point method were assessed by bias using mean±standard deviation ( SD) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) of mean difference and so on. We assessed the concordance of GFR using GFR±5% ( P5),±10% ( P10) and 1±30% ( P30) intervals. Results:Compared with the multi-point method, the mean deviation of iohexol plasma clearance obtained by the three single-point methods increased gradually from 5 hours after the injection of iohexol ( P<0.05). Compared with the multi-point method, only 3 h results, which was calculated by the Groth and Aasted formula, reached a P value greater than 0.05, a correlation coefficient of 0.938, a mean deviation of (-5.2±8.8) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2, and the concordances were 100% corresponding to P30,77.8% corresponding to P10, and 66.7% corresponding to P5; the 2, 3 and 4 hours results, which was calculated by the Jacobsson formula, reached P values greater than 0.05, when the blood collection time was 3 hours, the correlation coefficient was 0.938, and the mean deviation was the smallest, which was (1.5±6.2) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2, and the concordances were 100% corresponding to P30, 88.9% corresponding to P10, and 66.7% corresponding to P5; the 2 and 3 hours results, which was calculated by the Fleming formula, reached P values greater than 0.05, when the blood collection time was 2 h, the correlation coefficient was 0.956, and the mean deviation was the smallest, which was (-4.5±8.8) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2, and the concordances were 100% corresponding to P30, 77.8% corresponding to P10, and 55.6% corresponding to P5,Compared with the dual-point method, when Groth or Aasted formula was used, the mean deviation was the smallest at 3 hours, which was (-5.3±5.7) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2; when Jacobsson formula was used, the mean deviation was the smallest at 2 hours, which was (1.6±1.6) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2; when Fleming formula was used, and the mean deviation was the smallest at 2 hours, which was (-4.6±4.0) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2. Conclusion:At a regular enhanced CT-level dose, one blood collection can accurately measure the glomerular filtration rate, the proper time for blood collection can be 3 hours after iohexol injection, and the appropriate calculation formula can be Jacobsson formula.

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of the Weitan Waifu patch on the postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS) of gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: The multi-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted with superiority design. Patients with PGS of gastrointestinal cancer diagnosed in 4 AAA hospitals and the abdominal symptom manifested as cold syndrome by Chinese local syndrome differentiation were recruited. These patients were randomly divided into two groups according to 1∶1 proportion. Placebo or Weitan Waifu patch was applied in control group or intervention group, respectively, based on the basic treatments, including nutrition support, gastrointestinal decompression, promoting gastric dynamics medicine.Two acupuncture points (Zhongwan and Shenque) were stuck with placebo in control group or patch in treatment group. The intervention course was 14 days or reached the effective standard. Results: From July 15, 2013 to Jun 3, 2015, 128 participants were recruited and 120 eligible cases were included in the full analysis set (FAS), and 60 cases in each group. 88 cases were included in the per-protocol set (PPS), including 45 cases in the treatment group and 43 cases in the control group. In the FAS, the clinical effective rate in the treatment group was 68.3%, significantly superior than 41.7% of the control group (P=0.003). The medium time of effective therapy in the treatment group was 8 days, significantly shorter than 10 days in the control group (P=0.017). In the FAS, 3 adverse events occurred in the treatment group, including mild to moderate decrustation, pruritus and nausea. The incidence rate of adverse events was 5.0% (3/60) and these symptoms were spontaneously remitted after drug withdrawal. No severe adverse events were observed in the control group. There was no significant difference between these two groups (P=0.244). Conclusion: Weitan Waifu patch is a safely and effectively therapeutic method for patients with PGS (cold syndrome) of gastroenterological cancer. Trial registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register, ISRCTN18291857

Objective:To establish a method for iohexolquantification based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the concentration of blood iohexolafterlow dose and contrast dose injection.Methods:Weperformed the method establishment and evaluation in this study. A HPLC-UV system (high performance liquid chromatography plus ultraviolet detector) was used to establish the method. The linearity, imprecision, recovery rate, limit of detection, lower limit of measuring interval and carryover of the method were evaluated. The stability of iohexol under different storage conditions, the differences of iohexolbetween serum and plasma concentrations, and the drug′s interference with the method were evaluated preliminarily. The single sample t test was used for the stability test of iohexolin samples, and the Wilcoxon symbol rank sum test was used for the comparison of iohexol concentrations between serum and plasma.Results:The linearity of iohexol ranging from 5 to 250 μg/ml ( R2=0.999 9) and from 250 to 4 000 μg/ml ( R2=0.999 8); when the concentration of iohexol was 20-3 000 μg/ml, the intra-and inter-assay coefficient of variation were 1.63% to 3.31% and 2.10% to 4.09%, respectively. The recovery rate was 94.17% to 106.13%; the limit of detection was 1 μg/ml and the lower limit of measuring interval was 5 μg/ml; it shows no carryover at the concentration of iohexol 4 000 μg/ml; after 48 hours at room temperature storage, the relative deviation of the concentration was -5.55% to +5.58%, after repeated freeze-thaw cycles 6 times at -80 ℃, the relative deviation of the concentration was -1.28% to+6.68%; there was no statistic difference between the measurement results between serum and plasma; valsartan and other drugs did not interfere with this methodsignificantly. Conclusion:Awide-range HPLC method for iohexolquantification has been established, which can stably and accurately detect the blood concentration of iohexol at low and contrast doses.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Chuanshanlong granule on Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation protein 88 （MyD88）/nuclear transcription factor -κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway， and to explore the mechanism of its treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis （AIT） in rats. MethodForty AIT models were established following excess iodine and injection of porcine thyroglobulin and Freund's adjuvant into Lewis rats for six weeks. Then the rats were randomly divided into the model group， Chuanshanlong granule low-， medium- and high-dose group （0.52， 1.03， 2.06 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with ten in each group. Rats in the Chuanshanlong granule low-， medium- and high-dose groups were separately given 0.01 mL·g^-1·d^-1 Chuanshanlong granule， and those in the normal group and the model group were given the same volume of deionized water for eight weeks. Serum of rats was taken to measure thyroglobulin antibody （TgAb） and thyroid peroxidase antibody （TPOAb） by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the concentrations of free triiodothyronine （FT₃）， free thyroxine （FT₄） and thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH） were detected. The rat thyroid lobes were stained with hematoxylin and eosin （HE）， and the pathological changes were observed under light microscope. In addition， the relative expression of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB protein and mRNA was determined by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the conditions in the normal group， the serum concentrations of TPOAb and TgAb （P<0.01） and FT₃ and FT₄ （P<0.01） increased and TSH decreased （P<0.01） in the model group. Compared with the conditions in the model group， the concentrations of TPOAb and TgAb in the Chuanshanlong granule treatment groups reduced （P<0.01）， and the concentrations of FT₃ and FT₄ were lowered （P<0.01） while TSH increased （P<0.01） in the Chuanshanlong granule high-dose group. HE staining showed that there was lymphocyte infiltration in the thyroid follicular space， a large number of destroyed or diminished follicular cavities， decreased colloid content， and thinned or destroyed follicular wall in the model group， while the thyroid lymphocyte infiltration in the Chuanshanlong granule treatment groups was significantly less and the structure of thyroid follicles was more complete than those in the model group. Compared with the normal group， the model group had up-regulated relative expression of TLR4， MyD88 and NF-κB protein （P<0.01） and mRNA （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Chuanshanlong granule high-dose group had down-regulated relative expression of TLR4 protein and mRNA （P<0.05）， MyD88 protein （P<0.01） and mRNA （P<0.05）， and NF-κB protein and mRNA （P<0.01）. ConclusionChuanshanlong granule may play a therapeutic role in AIT by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.