Objective To explore the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1C (SREBP-1C) and glucose-regulated protein 94(GRP-94)in hyperhomocysteinmia and to evaluate the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins on hepatocytes lipids metabolism. Methods After hyperhomocysteinmia C57BL/6 mice model being induced by high methionine diet, TGE and CHO of Hepatocytes were determined, and the expression of SREBP-1C and GRP-94 was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. All data were compared to those in control group′s. Results The level of plasmic homocysteine(Hcy) and hepatocytes TGE or CHO of high methionine diet mice at different time point significantly ascended(P

Objective To compare the tracing effects of radionuclide and barium sulfate on lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT), and to explore the value of LHBT combined with radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Methods From November 2010 to November 2012, 89 patients (47 males, 42 females;mean age (45.7±12.9) years) with IBS and 13 healthy volunteers (9 males, 4 females;mean age (43.3±8.6) years) were enrolled in this prospective study.All the subjects underwent LHBT combined with radionuclide imaging.Recording the time when the increment of H2 value >0.005‰ and the OCTT of the radionuclide.Four healthy volunteers also underwent LHBT combined with barium sulfate 1 week after radionuclide imaging.The location of barium sulfate was recorded when H2 value increment >0.020‰.Patients with SIBO received rifaximin treatment, and the effect was observed.χ2 test, Pearson correlation analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to analyze the data.Results (1)In LHBT combined with barium sulfate test, barium sulfate was found still stagnating in small intestine by abdominal X-ray when H2 value increment >0.020‰ in 4 healthy volunteers, and barium sulfate didn′t reach the colon in delayed imaging in 1 patient.(2) The rates of SIBO detected by LHBT in IBS patients and healthy volunteers were significantly different (43.8%(39/89) vs 5/13;χ2=0.133, P=0.716), and those detected by LHBT combined with radionuclide imaging were also significantly different (39.3%(35/89) vs 1/13;χ2=4.970, P=0.026).(3)The time of H2 value increased >0.005‰ correlated well with OCTT in 13 healthy volunteers ((73±31) and (50±19) min;r=0.871, P<0.001) and 54 IBS patients without SIBO ((83±34) and (66±28) min;r=0.735, P<0.001), but there was no correlation in 35 IBS patients with SIBO ((36±30) and (75±30) min;r=0.304, P=0.076).(4)A total of 34 SIBO-positive patients received a rifaximin treatment, with a significant improvement in the frequency of abdominal pain and abdominal distension after the treatment according to Rome Ⅲ diagnostic criteria: 5(4, 6) vs 4(3, 5), 4(1, 6) vs 0(0, 4)(z values:-4.842 and-5.388, both P<0.001).Conclusion LHBT alone is not a valid test for SIBO, and LHBT combined with radionuclide imaging is a good candidate for SIBO diagnosis.

AIM:To explore the effect of homocysteine (Hcy)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes.METHODS: HepG2 cells used in the study were treated with 5 mmol/L Hcy. The concentrations of Hcy, triglycerides (TGE) and cholesterol (CHO) in the cells were measured. In high methionine diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia C57BL/6 mice, the concentrations of TGE and CHO in hepatocytes were analyzed. The mRNAs and proteins expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP-78) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1) were also assessed.RESULTS: The concentrations of Hcy and lipids (TGE, CHO) in HepG2 cells at different time point were elevated after treated with 5 mmol/L Hcy (P0.05,vs 0 week). The mRNAs and proteins expressions of GRP-78 and SREBP-1 in mice at different time point after high methionine diet were higher than that at 0 week (P

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Naoxin'an capsule （NC） against glial cell activation and inflammatory damage in brain of rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced vascular cognitive impairment （VCI）. Method:One hundred and fifty rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group （n=20） and a modeling group （n=130）. Following the modeling with the two vessels occlusion （2-VO） technique， 87 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group， positive drug group （aricept， 0.5 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （0.18， 0.36， 0.72 g·kg^-1） NC groups， with 17-18 rats in each group. After intragastric administration of NC for eight weeks， the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test were conducted to detect the effects of NC on learning and memory ability of VCI rats. Changes in neuronal structure of rat hippocampal CA1 area were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase （TdT）-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） staining. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）， ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba-1）， phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）， and phosphorylated nuclear factor κB （NF-κB）， followed by the measurement of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the brain by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Result:Compared with the sham operation group， the model group displayed obviously decreased spatial learning and memory ability and memory retention ability （P<0.05， P<0.01）， neuronal damage in hippocampal CA1 area， enhanced neuronal apoptosis （P<0.01）， up-regulated GFAP and Iba-1 （P<0.01）， elevated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB （P<0.01）， and increased IL-1β and TNF-α （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， NC at each dose significantly improved the spatial learning and memory ability and memory retention ability of VCI rats （P<0.05， P<0.01）， ameliorated the neuronal damage in hippocampus CA1 area， reduced the apoptosis rate of nerve cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）， down-regulated the expression of GFAP and Iba-1 （P<0.01）， decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and NF-κB （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and lowered TNF-α and IL-1β levels （P<0.01）. Conclusion:NC alleviates the inflammatory damage of the central nervous system caused by activated p38 MAPK and NF-κB and improves chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced VCI in rats by inhibiting the activation of microglia and astrocytes.

Objective:To study the characteristics and clinical significance of mitochondrial injury of T lymphocyte subsets in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).Methods:The clinical data of 57 patients with AIH (AIH group) from June to December 2021 in Hangzhou Xixi Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, while 60 healthy physical examiners were included as healthy group. The peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets (CD 8+ T lymphocyte count and CD 4+ T lymphocyte count) were detected by flow cytometry, and matched mitochondrial staining value according to certain algorithm was used to determine the mitochondrial damage of helper T lymphocyte (Th cell) and suppressor T lymphocyte (Ts cell). The levels of IgG, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured using a Roche E170 automatic electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) titer was measured by immunofluorescence. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of mitochondrial damage of Th cell and Ts cell in patients with AIH. Results:The ALT, AST, IgG, positive rate of ANA titer, CD 4+ T lymphocyte count, CD 8+ T lymphocyte count, rate of Th cell mitochondrial injury and rate of Ts cell mitochondrial injury in AIH group were significantly higher than those in healthy group: (118.90 ± 37.61) U/L vs. (30.96 ± 14.37) U/L, (102.40 ± 36.51) U/L vs. (31.12 ± 14.06) U/L, (18.40 ± 3.71) g/L vs. (13.89 ± 1.98) g/L, 96.49% (55/57) vs. 16.67% (10/60), 438 (323, 637) × 10 6/L vs. 398 (272, 469) × 10 6/L, 296 (211, 296) × 10 6/L vs. 270 (193, 322) × 10 6/L, 61.40% (35/57) vs. 8.33% (5/60) and 82.46% (47/57) vs. 11.67% (7/60), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01 or <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that the AST elevated and CD 8+ T lymphocyte count reduced were the independent risk factors of Ts cell mitochondrial injury in patients with AIH ( OR = 1.06 and 0.99, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10 and 0.99 to 1.00, P<0.05); the ALT elevated and IgG elevated were the independent risk factors of Th cell mitochondrial injury in patients with AIH ( OR = 1.08 and 1.66, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.14 and 1.11 to 2.48, P<0.05). Conclusions:It is of positive clinical significance to measure the T lymphocyte subtype mitochondrial injury in patients with AIH. The probability of mitochondrial injury of T lymphocyte subtype can be predicted by biochemical indexes such as ALT, AST and IgG, so as to indirectly evaluate the liver cell necrosis.

Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid has effects in clearing away heat and detoxifying,and is used to treat pharynx and throat swelling caused by the syndrome of excessive heat and toxin accumulation. Its efficacy is to relieve swelling and pain( redness,swelling and hot pain). It is included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of 2015 Edition,and has been listed in provincial health insurance directories of Shaanxi,Jiangsu,Liaoning,Hunan,Tianjin,Xinjiang and Hebei. It has been recommended by health departments of Beijing,Chongqing and other provinces as a preferred drug for the prevention and treatment of H1 N1 and HFMD,and listed in the diagnosis and Treatment Guide of HFMD by the Ministry of Health,the Clinical Application Guide of Chinese Patent Medicine edited by the Lung Department Disease Branch of China Association of Chinese Medicine,and the Clinical Practice Guide of Single Administration/Combined Administration of Antibiotics in Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases by China Association of Chinese Medicine. To further improve the clinician's understanding of drugs and better guide the rational clinical application,we invited front-line clinical experts from respiratory department,infectious department and dermatology of traditional Chinese and Western medicine to develop and compile the expert consensus. The consensus fully considered the clinical evidence and the expert clinical experience to give recommendations for clinical problems with evidence support and consensus suggestions for clinical problems without evidence support by the nominal group method.This consensus is based on clinical research evidence and expert experience in a simple and clear format,which provides a preliminary reference for the clinical use of the drug.
China ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nonprescription Drugs