Objective: To investigate glucolipid metabolism and sex hormone levels among female children with precocious puberty, so as to provide insights into the illustration of pathogenesis of precocious puberty. Methods: A total of 110 female children with precocious puberty treated in Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital during the period from May 2019 through May 2021 were enrolled and assigned into the idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) group and the premature thelarche alone (PT) group according to the results of gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation tests. The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL), fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) andlipoprotein-a [Lp (a)] levels were detected and compared in children between the ICPP and PT groups. Results: There were 70 cases in the ICCP group, with a mean age of (7.62±1.13) years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of (16.30±2.21) kg/m2 and 40 cases in the PT group, with a mean age of (7.42±1.04) years and a mean BMI of (16.70±2.10) kg/m2 (both P>0.05). The FSH [(3.58±0.80) vs. (2.22±0.75) IU/L], LH [(1.40±0.28) vs. (0.25±0.12) IU/L], P [(0.29±0.12) vs. (0.18±0.08) ng/mL], E2 [(23.28±4.23) vs. (15.54±2.75) pg/mL] and PRL [(8.56±1.93) vs. (6.54±1.50) ng/mL], FINS [(13.24±2.54) vs. (11.10±2.49) U/L], TG [(1.36±0.17) vs. (1.21±0.27) mmol/L], LDL-C [(3.10±0.44) vs. (2.81±0.60) mmol/L], ApoB [(0.78±0.19) vs. (0.71±0.14) g/L] and Lp (a) levels [(252.45±52.10) vs. (202.60±41.28) mg/L] were significantly higher in the ICPP group than in the PT group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of sex hormones and glucolipid metabolism parameters are significantly higher among female children with ICPP than among those with PT.