PURPOSE: The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has been rising rapidly in Korea because of changes of diet and lifestyle. As with adults, obesity in children and adolescents can cause diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases and renal diseases. The aim of the present study is to examine the relation of obesity, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and serum cystatin C concentration in children and adolescents. METHODS: Data of 115 children and adolescents aged between 6 years and 20 years without clinical evidence of renal diseases were included in the study. From May 2004 to December 2004, blood samples were collected from children and adolescents who were seen at the Department of Pediatrics at Chungang University Yongsan Hospital. Obesity degrees and body mass indices (BMI) were measured, and GFRs were estimated from Schwartz's formula. Serum cystatin C was measured by particle enhanced nephelometric immunoassay using Behring Nephelometer II. RESULTS: GFRs were significantly different between the obese group (BMI > 95 percentile, 145.79+/-23.10 mL/min) and the non-obese group (BMI < 95 percentile, 134.61+/-26.19 mL/min) divided by BMI (P=0.031). GFRs were not significantly different between the obese group (obesity degree > 120 percent, 144.29+/-23.08 mL/min) and the non-obese group (obesity degree < 120 percent, 134.54+/-26.57 mL/ min) divided by obesity degree (P=0.051), but were significantly different between severe obese group (obesity degree > 150 percent, 155.55+/-20.40 mL/min) and the non-obese group (P=0.004). GFRs were correlated positively with BMI (r2=0.037, P=0.039), but were not correlated significantly with obesity degree (r2=0.030, P=0.066). Serum cystatin C concentrations were not significantly different between the obese group and the non-obese group, divided by BMI as well as by obesity degree (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Obesity may lead to an alteration of renal hemodynamics such as hyperfiltration, appropriate control and management for obesity is necessary.
Child ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: Current treatments for osteoporosis were prevention of progression, yet it has been questionable in the stimulation of bone growth. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment for osteoporosis aims to induce differentiation of bone progenitor cells into bone-forming osteoblasts. We investigate whether human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-MSCs transplantation may induce bone regeneration for osteoporotic rat model induced by ovariectomy. METHODS: The ovariectomized (OVX) group (n = 10) and OVX-MSCs group (n = 10) underwent bilateral ovariectomy to induce osteoporosis, while the Sham group (n = 10) underwent sham operation at aged 12 weeks. After a femoral defect was made at 9 months, Sham group and OVX group were injected with Hartmann solution, while the OVX-MSCs group was injected with Hartmann solution containing 1 × 107 hUCB-MSCs. The volume of regenerated bone was evaluated using micro-computed tomography at 4 and 8 weeks postoperation. RESULTS: At 4- and 8-week postoperation, the OVX group (5.0% ± 1.5%; 6.1% ± 0.7%) had a significantly lower regenerated bone volume than the Sham group (8.6% ± 1.3%; 12.0% ± 1.8%, P < 0.01), respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the OVX-MSCs and Sham groups. The OVX-MSCs group resulted in about 53% and 65% significantly higher new bone formation than the OVX group (7.7% ± 1.9%; 10.0% ± 2.9%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: hUCB-MSCs in bone defects may enhance bone regeneration in osteoporotic rat model similar to nonosteoporotic bone regeneration. hUCB-MSCs may be a promising alternative stem cell therapy for osteoporosis.
Animals ; Bone Development ; Bone Regeneration ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Models, Animal ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Stem Cells ; Umbilical Cord

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: No-reflow is an important phenomenon for limiting the prognosis of patients following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Coronary stenting is the current standard procedure for primary PCI in AMI. However, stenting is suspected to cause more microembolization, and no-reflow phenomenon. This study was performed to elucidate the risk factors for the no-reflow phenomenon following primary PCI with stenting, in patients with AMI. SUBJCETS AND METHODS: The clinical, angiographic and procedure related parameters were reviewed in patients with AMI that had undergone primary PCI, with stent implantation, within 12 h of the onset of chest pain, at Seoul National University Hospital, Yonsei University Hospital Cardiovascular Center and Chungbuk National University Hospital (n=183). RESULTS: 29 patients (16%) showed no-reflow phenomenon (final TIMI flow grade less than 3). Conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease were not significant risk factors for the no-reflow phenomenon. In a univariate analysis, a high initial CK-MB level (>50 IU) (8.45% vs. 21.9%, p=0.04), low left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) (<50%) (19% vs. 5%, p=0.03) and long pre-dilatation balloon inflation time (>30 sec) (31% vs. 15%, p=0.04) were significant risk factors of the no-reflow phenomenon. A low LV EF and long pre-dilatation balloon inflation time were significant risk factors in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: LV dysfunction at presentation and a long pre-dilatation balloon inflation time were independent risk factors for the no-reflow phenomenon following primary PCI with stenting for AMI. Preventive measures against the no-reflow phenomenon should be considered in patients with these risk factors.
Chest Pain ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Humans ; Inflation, Economic ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Infarction ; No-Reflow Phenomenon* ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul ; Stents* ; Stroke Volume

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: No-reflow is an important phenomenon for limiting the prognosis of patients following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Coronary stenting is the current standard procedure for primary PCI in AMI. However, stenting is suspected to cause more microembolization, and no-reflow phenomenon. This study was performed to elucidate the risk factors for the no-reflow phenomenon following primary PCI with stenting, in patients with AMI. SUBJCETS AND METHODS: The clinical, angiographic and procedure related parameters were reviewed in patients with AMI that had undergone primary PCI, with stent implantation, within 12 h of the onset of chest pain, at Seoul National University Hospital, Yonsei University Hospital Cardiovascular Center and Chungbuk National University Hospital (n=183). RESULTS: 29 patients (16%) showed no-reflow phenomenon (final TIMI flow grade less than 3). Conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease were not significant risk factors for the no-reflow phenomenon. In a univariate analysis, a high initial CK-MB level (>50 IU) (8.45% vs. 21.9%, p=0.04), low left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) (<50%) (19% vs. 5%, p=0.03) and long pre-dilatation balloon inflation time (>30 sec) (31% vs. 15%, p=0.04) were significant risk factors of the no-reflow phenomenon. A low LV EF and long pre-dilatation balloon inflation time were significant risk factors in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: LV dysfunction at presentation and a long pre-dilatation balloon inflation time were independent risk factors for the no-reflow phenomenon following primary PCI with stenting for AMI. Preventive measures against the no-reflow phenomenon should be considered in patients with these risk factors.
Chest Pain ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Humans ; Inflation, Economic ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Infarction ; No-Reflow Phenomenon* ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul ; Stents* ; Stroke Volume