OBJECTIVE:To speed up the perfection of quality standards of traditional chinese medicine decoction pieces and control the quality.METHODS:To present the implication of traditional chinese medicine decoction pieces,and the influ?ence of its quality and processing on decoction.To discuss the present situation of quality standards,and to suggest some mea?sures.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Further perfection of the quality standards of traditional chinese medicine decoction pieces will be beneficial to modernization of industry of TCM and to ensure the safe use of drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To outline the development of phytomedicine in Germany to offer a reference for traditional Chinese medicine.METHODS:From the aspects of research,production and market to make an exposition of phytomedicine's develop?ment in Germany.RESULTS:There existed a gap between Germany and China in technology and standards in production of botanicals.CONCLUSION:We should use the experience of Germany in developing botanicals to draw up international quality standard of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective We summarized the clinical experience of modified ileal ureter substitution for treating long segment ureteral defection.Methods We retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 2 patients with long segment ureteral defect who treated with Yang-Monti ileal ureter substitution between March 2015 and November 2015.One 75 years old male patient was diagnosed as upper ureteral malignance and solitary kidney.The length of defection from renal pelvis to bladder was 22 em.His serum creatinine was 100 μmol/L,blood urea nitrogen was 5.7 mmol/L,serum chloride was 98 mmol/L.Another one 41 years old female patient was diagnosed as middle and lower ureteral iatrogenic injury.The traumatic length was 15 cm.Her serum creatinine was 70 μmol/L,blood urea nitrogen was 5.1 mmol/L,serum chloride was 100 mmol/L.they were both treated by Yang-Monti ileal ureter substitution.The ileal intestinal segment was used for the ureteral replacement,which were more than 15 cm to the ilealcecum.The length of intestine was 10.0 cm and 7.5 cm,respectively.The ileal mesentery was preserved.After closing the mesangial hiatus,the ileal segment was pull into the retroperitoneal space and pulling out via descending colonic mesangial window.The ileal segment was divided into three parts,which was 2.5 to 3.0 cm in each part.Each part was opened via long axis and then rotated 90 degree.The 4-0 absorable suture was used to suture the edge of each intestinal part continuously.The sutured intestine was re-tubularized,using 4-0 absorable suture and the F16 catheter was used as the tube model.The length of reconstructed ureter was 22 cm and 18 cm,respectively.The neo-ureter was re-anastomosed with renal pelvis and bladder wall.Two F6 double J stents were placed in the neo-ureter.Results The operative time was 160 min and blood loss was 200 ml in the first case.In the second case,the operative time was 180 min and blood loss was 220 ml.No significant complications were noticed intra-operation and post-operation.Six months after operation,the male patient's serum creatinine was 112 pmol/L,blood urea nitrogen was 6.1 mmol/L,serum chloride was 106.0 mmol/L and electrolytes were normal.In another patient,serum creatinine was 79 μmol/L,blood urea nitrogen was 5.9 mmol/L and serum chloride was 103.0 mmol/L.The GFR was 24.9 ml/min and 22.1 m]/min 3 and 6 months after operation,respectively.Ureteral obstruction wasn't detected on IVU images 3 months after operation.Conclusions For patient with long ureteral defect,which cannot be replaced by other urinary tissue,YangMonti ileal ureter substitution is one of the optional modalities.As a new technique of ureteral substitution,Yang-Monti ileal ureter substitution is simple and fewer complications and can improve the quality of life in patient compared with traditional ureteral substitution.

Objective To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis and follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) patients after percutaneous radiofrequence ablation ( RFA). Methods The data of 46 HCC cases were reviewed in our study. Results of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) , ultrasound contrast agent sonography and grey ultrasound were compared with each other pre- and after percutaneous radiofrequence ablation. Results Contrast agent ultrasound imaging had the same value with CT in preoperative diagnosis of HCC, with postive likelihood ratio of 1.26 and 1.31, respectively,sensitivity of 97% and 91% and specificity of 23% and 31% respectively. For grey ultrasound the positive likelihood ratio was 0.99, sensitivity and specificity was 76% and 23% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound after percutaneous radiofrequence ablation was 60% and 90% respectively, and the postive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio was 6. 18 and 0. 44 respectively. The difference was significant while compared with CT (P = 0. 012). All cases were followed-up from 1 to 9 months, and all were alive with recurrence found by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in 3 cases. Conclusions Contrast agent ultrasound imaging is sensitive and effective in the diagnosis of HCC and follow-up after percutaneous radiofrequence ablation.

Objective To investigate the deficit of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation in the different age of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like animal model and the protective effect of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside(TSG), which is the main component of Polygonum multiflorum, on ERK activation. Methods A generally accepted animal model of AD - PDAPPV717I transgenic (Tg) mouse was observed from 4 to 16 months old. Tg mice were randomly divided into 3 model groups(4, 10 and 16 months old mice)and TSG treated (at doses 120 and 240 μmol/kg/d) groups. TSG was administered to some Tg mice with an age range 4-10 months. In untreated 10 months old Tg mice, the TSG was administrated to those falling in the age range 10-16 months. For the control group we adopted the same age and background C57BL/6J mice. The ERK1/2 expression and phosphorylation were detected by Western blotting.Results In the 4-month-old PDAPPV717I Tg mice, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 decreased significantly in hippocampus and cortex compared with age matched control. In the 10-month-old Tg mice, decrease of ERK1/2 activation was aggravated in cortex but was less in hippocampus. The treatment of TSG at the doses of 120 and 240 μmol/kg for 6 months (from the age of 4 to 10 months) significantly up-regulated ERK1/2 activation in Tg mice. In the 16-month-old Tg mice, over-activation of ERK1/2 occurred in both hippocampus and cortex. The transgenic mice treated by TSG for 6 months (from the age of 10 months to 16 months) showed significant inhibition of over-activation of ERK1/2. Expression of total ERK1/2 showed no difference among control, Tg model and TSG treated groups.Conclusion PDAPPV717I transgenic mice with an age range from 4 to 16 months revealed the time-dependent deficit of ERK1/2 activation. TSG can bring the down or over activation of ERK1/2 into normal. Because ERK1/2 activation plays the crucial role in cellular signal transduction and learning-memory ability, TSG may have beneficial potential to the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like AD.

Objective To analyze CT morphologic features and pathologic changes of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) and to improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy of PSP.Methods The clinical and CT data of 12 cases with PSP (with total 13 lesions)confirmed by surgery and pathology were collected and analyzed retrospectively.All cases performed CT plain scan,9 cases had contrast CT scan.Results 1 1 cases had isolated lesions,and 1 case multiple lesions.The long-axis diameter ranged from 1.10 cm to 8.03 cm, with an average of (3.53±0.78)cm.Of 13 lesions,3 located in left lung (23.1%,1 in the upper lobes,2 in lower lobe),and 10 in right lung (76.9%,2 in upper lobe,2 in the middle lobe and 6 in lower lobe);8 lesions located in the lower lobe (61.5%),and 5 in upper and middle lobe (38.5%).There were center type of 4 lesions (30.8%),and peripheral type of 9 lesions (69.2%);The shapes of 8 lesions wereovoid or similar round (61.5%),irregular type of 1 case (7.7%),shallow lobe of 4 cases (30.8%);Smooth edge of 10 cases (76.9%), burr edge in 3 cases (23.1%).With contrast CT scan,7 cases (53.8%)had vascular welt sign,6 cases (46.2%)had air crescent sign,6 cases (46.2%)had halo sign,and 6 cases (46.2%)had tail sign.3 lesions (23.1%)had scattered spot calcification,and the other lesions had uniform density.The CT value ranged from 28 HU to 47 HU,with the average of 35 HU;Of 9 cases (with 10 lesions)with contrast CT scan,2 lesions had mild enhancement,5 cases had obvious enhancement,and 3 case had non-uniform enhancement.Enhanced CT value was 60-1 10 HU,with the average of 77.2 HU,and with the maximum of 75 HU.Conclusion If the pulmonary nodules or masses in middle-aged females had single round or ovoid shape,with about 3 cm diameters,soft-tissue density,smooth edge,and with obvious enhancement after contrast CT scan,and accompanied by vascular welt sign,air crescent sign,halo sign,or tail sign, the diagnosis of PSP should be considered.

After a description of the background and popularization of reading therapy, strategies, contents and models for the synergic innovation of reading therapy were elaborated with suggestions put forward for its implementation.

Fibrinolytic Agents ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thrombocytopenia ; chemically induced

Objective To assess the effect of thoracoscopic surgery under laryngeal mask anesthesia and explore the nursing strategies. Methods Thirty-five patients from April to December in 2014 undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were given intubation anesthesia and another thirty-five ones undergoing the same surgery in 2015 received laryngeal mask anesthesia. The two groups were compared in terms of surgery conditions, surgery complication and ambulation time. Results No significant differences were found in surgery time or blood loss between two groups (P>0.05). The postoperative waking time in the mask anesthesia group was significantly shorter than that of the intubation anesthesia group (P<0.05), and ambulation time was significantly shortened (P<0.05). The rates of throat discomfort, hoarseness and gastrointestinal reactions were significantly lower. Conclusions Laryngeal mask anesthesia used in small thoracoscopic surgery for airway management is safe and feasible. Combined with training in respiration and limb function, better analgesia and nursing, it can keep away complications related to intubation anesthesia, shorten hospital stay and accelerate postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective To study the differences between renal clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC)and angiomyolipoma (AML)with minimal fat,whose size were both smaller than 3cm and the lesions center were both located outside the renal contour. Methods 6 cases of CCRCC and 18 cases of AML with minimal fat were analyzed retrospectively.All the lesions were confirmed pathologically.The morphological characteristics,plain and enhanced CT values were obtained for compare.Results The lesion length diameter,morphology,the early excretory phase CT value and the pattern of enhancement were not significant different between the two groups (P>0.05).There was significant difference in the focal cystic and necrotic between CCRCC group and AML group (P<0.05).Plain scan density,enhanced uniformity,pseudo capsule sign,plain CT values,medullary junction CT value and the pattern of enhancement from medullary junction phase were statistically different between those two groups (P< 0.001).Conclusion The focal cystic and necrotic,plain scan density, enhanced uniformity,pseudo capsule signs,plain CT values,the cortex and medullary junction CT value and the enhanced amplitude were very important role in differential diagnosis of CCRCC and AML with minimal fat.