With the development of technology and the deterioration of environment,more and more attention was attracted to the research on fluid dynamics in human upper respiratory tract.In this paper,the methods of research on fluid dynamics in human upper respiratory tract were introduced,and the mechanical models of human upper respiratory tract which were constructed by the scholars in the resent years were summarized.In addition,the current status of research on the airflow movements,the transportation and deposition of the particles in human upper respiratory tract was analyzed.The developing trend of this field was prospected as well.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with septic arthritis.Methods Twelve SLE patients with septic arthritis admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1990 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The median duration from onset of SLE to septic arthritis was 8.5 months (ranged from 1 to 120 months).All patients had received higher doses of steroid therapy (equal to prednisolone 1 mg ·kg-1 ·d-1) and immunosuppressant,and 5 of them had received methylprednisolone pulse therapy.The infectious manifestations included joint pain (all cases),swelling (5 cases),reduced joint function (8 cases) and fever (10 cases).All patients were oligo-arthritis.The hip and knee joints were most commonly involved.Three patients were infected by Salmonella,4 patients were infected by S.aureus,and 3 patients were infected by tuber culosis.Conclusion When SLE patients with long term steroid and immunosuppressant therapy developedacute joint pain and swelling,septic arthritis should be considered.Synovial fluid Gram stain,culture,blood culture and arthroscopy should be performed promptly.Appropriate antibiotics should be administered,and early treatment can improve the outcomes.

Objective To observe the efficacy of extracorporeal liver support by using less fresh frozen plasma in the treat‐ment of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure.Methods A total of 45 patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure were divided into ob‐servation group[plasma perfusion(PP) with a small amount of plasma+ plasma exchange(PE)] ,control group 1(PE) ,control group 2(PP+PE)in terms of the amount of plasma used on the day of treatment. All the patients received artificial liver treatnts 62 times totally.Results The clinical symptoms were improved in the three groups after treatments.There were significant differences in the decrease of alanine transaminase (ALT) ,aspartate transaminase(AST) and direct bilirubin(DBil)rather than the decrease of total bilirubin(TBil)and blood ammonia among the groups.No significant difference was noted in the liver and kidney function among the three groups. The improvement of the coagulation function was poor in the observation group when compared with the control group 1 and control group 2 and there were significant differences.Conclusion During the short sup‐ply of the plasma ,plasma perfusion combined with small amount of plasma can be considered to be used in artificial liver treat‐ments ,which can effectively decrease the level of TBil ,relieve symptoms and decrease the occurrence of complications.

This paper was aimed to study the protective effects and related mechanisms of Zhen-Gan Xi-Feng (ZGXF) decoction containing serum on 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells.The ZGXF decoction containing rat serum with low-,medium-,and high-dose (8,16,or 32 g.kg-1) or blank serum was used to preprocess PC12 cells for 1 h,and cultured together with 100 μM 6-OHDA for 24 h.And then,cells were collected.The fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and fluorescence microplate reader were used to detect the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS).Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2),Nfe2l2,heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1),glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc),and GCL modulatory subunit (GCLm).The luciferase report gene system was used to detect the antioxidant response element (ARE) activation.The results showed that ZGXF decoction-containing serum inhibited the 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress,upregulated the Nfe2l2,HO-1 and GCLc mRNA expressions in cells processed with 6-OHDA.However,it has no significant effect on GCLm mRNA expression.It was concluded that ZGXF decoction-containing serum had protective effects on 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress in PC 12 cells.Its mechanism may be correlated with the upregulation on Nfe2l2 mRNA expression,which activated ARE and further induced its downstream gene of phase Ⅱ detoxifying enzyme,as well as the HO-1 and GCLc mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzyme gene.

Objective To investigate the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in acute myocardium infarction (AMI) rats. Methods The human UC-MSCs were cultured to the 4th generation for experiment. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham group, AMI model group and UC-MSCs group, with 20 in each group. AMI animal model was produced by ligation of anterior descending coronary artery; in the sham group, the threading vein was gone below without ligation. In UC-MSCs group 2×106 UC-MSCs were infused through the caudal vein at 24 hours after successful model production. The animals were sacrificed after 7 days; the myocardial tissue and coronary artery below the ligation line were harvested. The mRNA and protein expressions of IL-6 in myocardium were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot. The positive expression of VEGF in coronary artery was observed by immunohistochemisty. Results Compared with the sham group, the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-6 in myocardium in AMI model group were increased significantly (gray value: 0.732±0.131 vs. 0.321±0.080, 0.678±0.191 vs. 0.286±0.061, both P < 0.05). Compared with the AMI model group, the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-6 in myocardium in UC-MSCs group were decreased significantly (gray value: 0.300±0.104 vs. 0.732±0.131, 0.312±0.101 vs. 0.678±0.191, both P < 0.05). Observation under light microscope, the VEGF positive cells in AMI model group was increased significantly compared with the sham group (cells/HP: 21.1±2.2 vs. 7.6±1.3, P < 0.05), the VEGF positive cells in UC-MSCs group were increased significantly compared with the AMI model group (cells/HP: 41.5±3.1 vs. 21.1±2.2, P < 0.05). Conclusion Human UC-MSCs could promote angiogenesis by the improvement of VEGF in coronary artery and inhibit the inflammation by the reduction of IL-6 in rats with AMI.

Objective To compare the effects of neutral posture training (NPT) and gas resistance training on balance and motor func-tion in stroke patients. Methods From June, 2014 to February, 2016, 44 hemiplegic patients were randomly divided into control group (n=22) and experimental group (n=22). The control group received conventional decubitus trunk muscle training and sitting gas resistance train-ing. The experimental group received NPT. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) before and after training. Results There was no significant differ-ence in the scores of FMA-UE, FMA-LE and BBS between two groups (t<0.962, P>0.05). The scores significantly increased after training in both groups (t>12.248, P<0.001), and were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t>1.972, P<0.05). Conclusion The NPT could improve the motor and balance function of stroke patients, rather than gas resistance training.

The characteristics and rules of acupoint selection of acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia were analyzed. By searching CNKI, VIP, WF, literature regarding acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia from 1980 to 2013 was collected to establish an acupuncture prescription database. The data mining technology was applied to analyze the characteristics and rules of the acupoint selection. As a result, a total of 180 papers were included, involving 148 acupoints. It was found that the acupoints that had high frequency of selection included Hegu (LI 4), Xiaguan (ST 7), Fengchi (GB 20) and trigger points. The acupoints selected were distributed in 14 meridians, in which yangming meridian of hand-foot had a frequency of 41. 58%. The special acupoints including crossing points, yuan-primary points and five-shu points were widely used, accounting for 65. 9%. As for the branch of trigeminal nerve, the top-3 selected acupoints were Yangbai (GB 14), Yuyao (EX-HN 4), Cuanzhu (BL 2) in the first branch, Sibai (ST 2), Quanlian (SI 18), Yingxiang (LI 20) in the second branch, Jiache (ST 6), Xiaguan (ST 7), Dicang (ST 4) in the third branch. In conclusion, it is believed that the clinical treatment of trigeminal neural gia focuses on local acupoints in combination with nerve distribution-based acupoints and distal acupoints, also the special acupoints are emphasized.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Data Mining ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; therapy

Humans ; Interferons ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thalidomide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the effects of the interaction between environmental factors and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene polymorphism in Han and Uygur on alcoholics in Xinjiang. Methods The data of childhood abuse and domestic aggressive behaviors were collected from 284 patients with alcohol dependence from Xinjiang using self-made questionnaires, Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) and Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 (BIS-11). The meth?ods of PCR and DNA sequencing technique were conducted to detect rs1137070 single nucleotide polymorphism loci of MAOA gene. Logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for interaction effects of gene and childhood abuse on domestic violence. Results The scale evaluation identified 143 patients with and 138 patients without domestic violence. Childhood abuse and gene were both risk factors in domestic violence. The interaction effect of childhood abuse with rs1137070 was significant. the relative excess risk, the interaction attribution ratio and the interaction index were 1.00,0.14 and 1.20, respectively. Conclusions The interactions between genes and environmental risk factors may contribute to the domestic violence in Han and Uygur on alcoholics in Xinjiang.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of curcumin on secretion of adiponectin (APN) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human adipose tissues cultivated in vitro. METHODS: Seven male patients with kidney stones were admitted. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and perirenal adipose tissue were collected from the operating-patients, and were cultivated with different concentrations of curcumin (10 and 100 microg/ml) in vitro. The contents of APN and IL-6 in the culture medium of adipose tissue cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after they were cultured for 6 and 24 hours. RESULTS: Compared with the blank control group, the content of APN in the adipose tissue culture medium was increased by 100 microg/ml curcumin (P<0.05) after 6-hour culture, and the content of IL-6 was significantly decreased by 100 microg/ml curcumin after 6- and 24-hour culture (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: 100 microg/ml curcumin can increase APN secretion and decrease IL-6 secretion in human adipose tissues cultivated in vitro.