To introduce the application of Stata software to heterogeneity test in meta-analysis.A data set was set up according to the example in the study,and the corresponding commands of the methods in Stata 9 software were applied to test the example.The methods used were Q-test and Ⅰ2statistic attached to the fixed effect model forest plot,H statistic and Galbraith plot.The existence of the heterogeneity among studies could he detected hy Q-test and H statistic and the degree of the heterogeneity could be detected by,Ⅰ2 statistic.The outliers which were the sources of the heterogeneity could be spotted from the Galbraith plot.Heterogeneity test in Meta-analysis can be completed by the four methods in Stata software simply and quickly.H and Ⅰ2 statistics are more robust,and the outliers of the heterogeneity can be clearly seen in the Galbraith plot among the four methods.

Background Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is an important cause of visual impairment and graft rejection after allograft corneal transplantation in inflammatory corneal diseases. The mechanisms and therapy relating to CNV are intensely investigated at all times. Objective This study was to evaluate the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on CNV induced by alkali cauterization and its mechanism. Methods The animal models of corneal neovasculation were induced in the right eyes in 72 Sprayue-Dawley rats by putting a piece of 3 mmfilter paper with 1 mol/L NaOH at the center of the cornea for 30 seconds. The rats were then divided randomly into the 0.02 mg EPA treatment group (24 rats) ,0.03 mg EPA treatment group (24 rats) ,model group (24 rats) and normal group (6 rats). EPA of 0.04 ml with doses of 0.02 mg or 0. 03 mg or saline solution of 0. 04 ml was injected subconjunctivally in model rats and immediately after cauterization. The presence of CNV and corneal edema were observed daily by slit lamp biomicroscope. 1,4,7 and 14 days after operation, corneal histopathological examination was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The vascular endothelial cells were stained with CD34 by immunohistochemistry,and the expression of IL-1α,IL-6 mRNA and the nuclear factor-κBp65 ( NF-κBp65 ) proteins was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The use of animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by Hebei Province( version 1998 ). Results Under the slit lamp, CNV grew slowly from days 2-4 with obvious corneal edema and defect of epithelium. Larger CNV area and less edema were seen from days 7-10. Maximal vessel growth was observed 14 days after injury with thinner vessels in the model group. Histological examination showed that part of the corneal epithelium was damaged;serious corneal edema, more inflammatory cells and a lot of CNV in the stroma were presented in the model group. However, repairing of the corneal epithelium without CNV ,light corneal edema and less inflammatory cells were found in both the 0. 02 mg EPA and 0. 03 mg EPA treatment groups 7 days after alkali cauterization. The relative area of CNV in the 0. 02 mg EPA treatment group was ( 15.80±6.43 )% and ( 11.06±2. 14)% ,and that in the 0. 03 mg EPA treatment group was (16. 10±7.41 )% and (11.06±2. 51 )%, showing significant reduction in comparison with the model group [ (84. 74±7.77)% and (89.63±7.50) % ] 7 days and 14 days after operation ( P＜0. 05 ). Stronger expression of CD34 in the vascular endothelial cells of the cornea stroma was observed in the model group and an absence of CD34 was observed in the EPA-treated groups on the 7th day. RT-PCR revealed that the expression of IL-1α mRNA and IL-6 mRNA was lower in the EPA treatment groups than the model group ( P＜0. 05 ), and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of NF-κB/p65 in the corneas in the EPA treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the model group on the 4th day after operation (P＜0.05).Conclusion Topical application of EPA suppresses CNV induced by alkali burn possibly by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB,IL-1α and IL-6.

Objective To further evaluate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in the thromboprophylaxis after orthopedic surgery.Methods PubMed,EmBase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Clinical Trials,CNKI,CBM and Wanfang database were systematically searched.All databases had been searched from established up to August 2016.All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of rivaroxaban therapy in patients after orthopedic surgery were selected.Meta-analysis was carried out by using RevMan 5.3 software.The incidence of total venous thromboembolism (VTE),major VTE,deep vein thrombosis (DVT),pulmonary embolism (PE),all-cause mortality,symptomatic VTE,bleeding,major bleeding,clinical relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB),minor bleeding and wound complication were compared and the results were presented with risk ratio (RR) with 95％ confidence interval (CI).Results Totally 32 RCTs of 17061 cases were included in this study,including 9167 cases accepted rivaroxaban (treatment group),other of 7894 cases accepted other drugs (control group).The results of Meta-analysis were as follows.The incidence of symptomatic VTE,total VTE,major VTE and DVT in the rivaroxaban group was lower than that in the low molecular heparin group (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of total VTE,and DVT in rivaroxaban group was lower than that in aspirin group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the efficacy and safety between the rivaroxaban and apixaban group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In the thromboprophylaxis after orthopedic surgery,efiicacy of rivaroxban is better than that of traditional anticoagulant therapy and it will not increase the risk of adverse events such as bleeding and wound complication.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of autograft, cage and autograft plus internal fixation with plate on maintenance of disc height and recovery of spinal cord function.

METHODSFrom March 1998 to June 2004, 117 cervical spondylotic patients who received anterior fusion surgery were reviewed. There were 65 males and 52 females with an average age of 57 years (range from 31 to 72 years). One level was involved in 91 patients, and two levels in 26. Fusion methods included autogenous tri-cortical iliac bone grafting alone in 31 patients, cage with autograft bone in 38 and autogenous tri-cortical iliac bone grafting combined with self-locking plate in 49. The measured fusion length was determined as the distance from the midpoint between the anterior and posterior aspects of the superior endplate of the top level of the fusion to the midpoint of the inferior endplate of the bottom level of the bottom level of the fusion. JOA rating criteria was used for cord function evaluation. One-way variation analysis was used to compare the disc height loss and cord function among the 3 groups.

RESULTSAll patients were followed-up for an average period of 23 months (range, 13 to 59 months). At final follow- up, disc height loss averaged 1.94 mm in autogenous tri-cortical iliac bone grafting group, greater than that in the other two groups (1.48 mm in cage group and 1.25 mm in instrumented group) with statistical significance. Recovery of spinal cord function was satisfactory in all groups at one year postoperatively with no statistical difference. Three implants failure occurred in self-locking plate group and was salvaged with uneventful recovery.

CONCLUSIONSIn anterior cervical fusion surgery, maintenance of disc height could be achieved by proper application of cage or internal fixation with plate.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Cervical Vertebrae ; pathology ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Ilium ; transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; instrumentation ; methods ; Spinal Osteophytosis ; surgery ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo assess the relationship between myocardial regional perfusion using second harmonic myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) by venous injection of Levovist and coronary artery stenosis detected by coronary angiography to determine whe ther MCE can be used to detect coronary artery disease (CAD) and its sensitivity and specificity for detecting CAD.

METHODSThirty-six patients who underwent coronary artery angiography and MCE formed the study groups. Ten myocardial segments (5 each in the apical two- and four-chamber views) from the images were scored for detecting myocardial perfusion as follows: 1, normal perfusion; 2, decreased perfusion; and 3, perfusion defect. The arteries were classified as normal or diseased. The diseased arteries were classified into three groups according to the perfusion scores.

RESULTSThere were significant differences in coronary diameter stenosis among the different perfusion score groups (P < 0.001). There were 10 total occluded arteries, and the myocardial perfusion scores were different because of different collateral circulation. In the normal perfusion group (Group A), the coronary diameter stenosis was 65% +/- 12%, and the myocardial perfusion score index was 1 +/- 0.00. In the decreased perfusion group (Group B), the average coronary diameter stenosis was 82% +/- 8%, and the myocardial perfusion score was 1.93 +/- 0.16. The diameter stenosis was less than 85% in 63% of the coronary arteries (including diameter stenosis < or = 75% in 12% of the vessels). The diameter stenosis was 85%-90% in 22% of the coronary arteries and > 90% in 15% of the arteries. In the perfusion defect group (Group C), the average diameter stenosis was 90% +/- 6%, and the myocardial perfusion score index was 2.89 +/- 0.24. The diameter stenosis was > or = 85% in 94% of the coronary arteries, and the diameter stenosis was < 85% and > 75% only in 6% of the coronary arteries. The overall sensitivity and specificity of MCE in identifying angiographic coronary diameter stenosis was 67% and 100%, respectively. The false negative rate was 32.6% for the 108 coronary arteries. Further subdivided analysis showed the sensitivities in Groups A, B and C were 0, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity increased with increased lumen diameter stenosis of coronary arteries.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a close relationship between coronary artery stenosis and MCE perfusion scores. MCE with venous injection of new generation contrast can define the presence of CAD and lesion graded classifications. Some disagreements between perfusion score and coronary diameter of stenosis may indicate other factors such as different collateral circulation, which should be further investigated. As artery stenosis increases, the sensitivity of MCE is increased.

Adult ; Aged ; Coronary Circulation ; Coronary Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare and distinct variant of DLBCL. It is classified as a unique subtype of DLBCL in the 2008 WHO classification of lymphomas. No standard and effective therapeutic regi-men is available for ALK+DLBCL because it shows a more aggressive clinical course and frequent relapse. Therefore, a standardized and individualized treatment is needed to benefit more patients diagnosed with ALK+DLBCL through a multiple disciplinary team. This arti-cle presents a case of an ALK+DLBCL patient who relapsed after transplantation and was successfully treated with the ALK kinase inhibi-tor Crizotinib.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of indobufen in the prevention and treatment of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or thrombosis.Methods PubMed,EmBase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Clinical Trials.gov,CNKI,CBM and WANFANG database were systematically searched until May 2016.All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of indobufen therapy in patients with ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease or thromboembolic disease were selected.Meta-analysis was carried out by using RevMan 5.3 software.The incidence of cardiovascular death,all-cause mortality,stroke,myocardial infarction,embolism,gastrointestinal reactions and bleeding after the treatment were compared and the results were presented with risk ratio (RR) with 95％ confidence interval (CI).Results Nineteen RCTs of 5304 cases were included in this study,including 2668 cases received indobufen (treatment group),other 2636 cases received other drugs (control group).The results of Meta-analysis were as follows.The incidence of bleeding in the indobufen group was lower than that in the warfarin group (P ＜ 0.01).The incidence of bleeding,gastrointestinal reactions and total adverse effects in the indobufen group were lower than those in aspirin group (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of bleeding and gastrointestinal reactions in the indobufen group were lower than those in the other antiplatelet drugs group (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of embolism in the indobufen group was significantly lower than that in the placebo or blank group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Although the clinical application of indobufen is relatively few,it is an efficacious and safe choice for ischemic cardiac and cerebral vascular diseases and thrombosis treatment.There should be more large-scale original researches to explore its clinical value.

Objective To analyze the status of anemia among children under 5 years of age in the economically less developed rural areas from 6 western provinces of China in 2009. Methods 8141 study subjects were from the program-‘Study on Appropriate Technology of Children Under-nutrition Improvement in Poor Rural Areas'. Results In 2009, the prevalence of anemia among children under 5 years of age in the above said rural areas from 6 western provinces was 24.1％. The prevalence of anemia among male children was much higher than that among female children. The peak of anemia prevalence( 38.5％ ) was among children of 6-11 months. The prevalence of anemia decreased along with the increase of age. Conclusion Results from the study demonstrated that anemia among the preschool children was a public health problem in poor rural areas of western China, Improving the knowledge on reasonable feeding seemed a better way for the prevention and control of anemia plus providing complementary nutrients sprinkle to the affected children.

Objective To analyze the status of vitamin A deficiency among children under 5 years old in poor rural areas of 6 Western Chinese provinces in 2009.Methods The study subjects involved 2091 children from a program-'Appropriate measurements in improving children under-nutrition in poor rural areas'.Results In 2009,prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among children under 5 years old from the poor rural areas of 6 western Chinese provinces was 20.2％,with boys as 20.6％ and girls as 19.7％.Prevalence rates of vitamin A deficiency among children under 5 years old in the highest and lowest areas were seen in Gansu(25.5％)and Guangxi(12.2％)provinces,respectively.The peak of vitamin A deficiency prevalence fell in the 6-11 months age group.The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency declined along with the increase of age.Conclusion Results from this study demonstrated that vitamin A deficiency among children under 5 years old appeared to be a serious public health problem in the poor rural areas of 6 Western Chinese provinces.Education on reasonable ways of feeding and provision of complementary nutrients to children with vitamin A deficiency,should be the key points in the prevention and control programs on this problem.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the trends of food consumption among Chinese residents aged from 18 to 59 years old in 9 provinces (autonomous region) from 1989 to 2006.

METHODSThe paper was based on data collected in 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey of Chinese residents of 24 h in three consecutive day dietary recall data. The healthy residents aged 18 - 59 years with twenty-four-hour dietary recall data were selected as study subjects. The sample sizes of these seven surveys were 5766, 7296, 7019, 7599, 8143, 7168 and 6827, respectively. The trends of their food consumption in each year were analyzed through Kruskal-wallis method.

RESULTSThe intake of cereals decreased significantly from (528.5 ± 192.9) g/d in 1989 to (427.7 ± 173.8) g/d in 2006 (χ(2) = 2833.13, P < 0.01). The minor variation of soybean food intake was observed. The average intake was (22.3 ± 39.4) g/d in 1989 and (18.9 ± 30.5) g/d in 2006 which was still at a low level. The trend of vegetables intake showed a small decrease. It was (374.5 ± 205.9) g/d in males and (346.4 ± 187.6) g/d in females in 2006, respectively. Both quantity and rate of fruits consumption showed an increase trend. Its consumption rate reached at 22.5% (741/3296) in males and 27.7% (1004/3619) in females in 2006, respectively. The average intake increased from (122.4 ± 126.9) g/d in 1989 to (228.5 ± 267.3) g/d in 2006 (χ(2) = 539.66, P < 0.01). At the same time, the daily intake of meat and egg showed a large increase, the average meat intake increased from (97.0 ± 111.5) g/d in males and (80.2 ± 97.0) g/d in females in 1989 to (141.5 ± 125.2) g/d in males and (118.4 ± 111.8) g/d in females in 2006, respectively. The oil consumption showed a significant increase. The average intake increased from (30.4 ± 37.9) g/d in 1989 to (42.8 ± 32.3) g/d in 2006 (χ(2) = 1646.94, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThere have been noticeable changes in the Chinese dietary pattern in the past 17 years. Some changes would be helpful for nutritional improvement in Chinese people, but it also caused some adverse effects on health because of improper food consumption.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Diet ; statistics & numerical data ; trends ; Dietary Fats ; Energy Intake ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meat ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Young Adult