AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of central conreal thickness ( CCT ) using EX500 Excimer Laser workstation (EX500) in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) patients.METHODS:The CCT of 120 eyes (63 patients) who had LASIK between January 2013 and June 2013 were measured by A- scan and EX500. Three groups were classified: >550μm, 500 ~550μm, <500μm according the CCT value of A-scan. The CCT were measured again by corneal flap creating by moria SBK microkeratome. The thickness of the corneal bed stroma were measured by A-scan and EX500 after keratomileusis. All outcomes were analyzed with paired t test.
RESULTS: The average preoperative CCT value was 527. 9±34. 3μm measured by A-scan, 528. 5±34. 6μm measured by EX500. There was no significant difference between these two measurements (t=1. 736, P=0. 085). In group which CCT >550μm, the average preoperative CCT value was 571. 4±17. 3μm measured by A-scan, 572.7±15. 7μm measured by EX500. There was no significant difference between these two measurements (t=1. 857, P=0. 072). In group which CCT 500 ~ 550μm, the average preoperative CCT value was 523. 4±13. 1μm measured by A-scan, 524. 2±12. 4μm measured by EX500. There was no significant difference between these two measurements ( t=1. 934, P = 0. 058 ). In group which CCT <500μm, the average preoperative CCT value 484. 5±9.8μm measured by A-scan, 483. 7±8. 9μm measured by EX500. There was no significant difference between these two measurements (t=1. 395, P=0. 174). The average CCT value after corneal flap lifting was 401. 3 ± 34. 2μm measured by A-scan, 393. 4±38. 9μm measured by EX500. There was a significant difference between these two measurements ( t = 6. 669, P = 0. 000 ). The average thickness of the corneal bed stroma value after keratomileusis was 332. 6±38. 3μm measured by A-scan, 307. 3 ± 37. 1μm measured by EX500. There was a significant difference between these two measurements ( t=17. 165, P=0. 000).
CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between preoperative CCT value measured by A-scan and EX500. After corneal flap lifting and keratomileusis, the CCT value measured by EX500 is smaller than measured by A-scan.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To investigate the protective effect of mesenchymal stem cell ( MSC)-conditioned medium (MSCCM) on myocardial cell line H9c2 and its mechanism.METHODS:Verification of MSC was performed by flow cy-tometry analysis, followed by MTT assay to determine the optimal incubation time of MSCCM with myocardial cells.The cells were divided into 4 groups:normal ( N) group, model ( M) group, M+MSCCM group and MSCCM group.The cells in M+MSCCM group and MSCCM group were pre-incubated with MSCCM for 24 h.The cells in M group and M+MSCCM group were treated with 300 μmol/L H2 O2 for 4 h to imitate oxidative injury of myocardial cells.Mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptotic rate of injured myocardial cells were detected by flow cytometry.The ROS production was measured by fluorescence microscopy.The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and expression of HO-1 was examined by Western blot.RE-SULTS:No difference of mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptotic rate or ROS production between MSCCM group and N group was observed (P>0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, apoptotic rate and ROS produc-tion in M+MSCCM group were significantly lower than those in M group ( P<0.01 ) .The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and expression of HO-1 in the myocardial cells were increased with MSCCM incubation time prolonged.CONCLUSION:MSCCM protects the myocardial cells against oxidative injury induced by H2 O2 .The anti-oxidative mechanism would be as-sociated with the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of isorhamnetin on H9 C2 myocardial cell line and its mechanisms. Methods The toxicity and optimal pro-tective concentration of isorhamnetin were determined by MTT assay. The experimental subjects were divided into four groups:group N ( normal ) , group M ( mod-el) , group M + ISO ( model + isorhamnetin ) , and group ISO ( isorhamnetin only ) . Group M +ISO and ISO were pre-incubated with isorhamnetin for 12 hours while other groups with plain DMEM. Group M and M+ ISO were treated with 300μmol · L-1 H2 O2 for 4 hours after pre-incubation. Mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization of H9 C2 was measured by fluo-rescence microscope. Apoptotic rate and ROS produc-tion of injured myocardial cell line were detected using
flow cytometry. The oxidative indictors were measured by spectrophotometry. The expressions of cytoplasmic cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, Nrf2 and HO-1 were examined by Western blot. Result There was no difference in mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, apoptotic rate, ROS produc-tion, oxidative indictors production and expressions of cytoplasmic cytochrome C, caspase-9,caspase-3, Bcl-2 , Bax between groups ISO and N ( P>0. 05 ) . Apop-totic rate, ROS production, expressions of cytoplasmic cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-3, Bax, MDA pro-duction of group M+ISO were significantly lower than those of group M ( P < 0. 01 ) . And mitochondrial membrane potential, Bcl-2, CAT, SOD and GSH-Px of group M + ISO were increased compared to group M .
Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and expression of HO-1 in myocardial cell line were increased with the prolonged isorhamnetin incubation time. Conclusion Isorham-netin could protect myocardial cell line against H2 O2-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis through the in-
terruption of mitochondrial dependent apoptotic path-way and activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway.

AIM: To evaluate the changes of corneal high - order aberration (including Coma, Spab, RMSh) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with femtosecond laser, sub- Bowman keratomileusis ( SBK ) and laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK). METHODS: Of 82 myopic patients ( 164 eyes ), 31 patients (62 eyes) were treated by FS-LASIK, 31 patients (62 eyes) were treated by SBK, 20 patients (40 eyes) were treated by LASEK. Sirius system was used for measuring the coma aberration, spherical aberration, and high order aberration at 1, 15d,1, 3mo after surgery. RESULTS: 1) Vision: The uncorrected visual acuity of the three groups had no differences (P>0. 05). 2) Corneal aberrations: Three kinds of surgical procedure for patients with corneal aberration had significant impact. The C7, C8, C12 and RMSh of three groups were increased significantly (P<0. 05). The C7, C8, C12 and RMSh were not recovered to preoperative levels after 3mo. But the increase of patients after FS- LASIK was smaller than the other two groups, with statistical significance (P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: Compared with SBK and LASEK, FS - LASIK has better visual acuity in the early postoperative and corneal higher-order aberrations increase is relatively small.

Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression plasmids of human Fas and TNFR1 gene(pcDNA3.0-hFas and pcDNA3.0-hTNFR1)and microRNA(miRNA)expression plasmid of hFas and hTNFR1 named p-hFasmiRNA and p-hTNFR1miRNA,and to investigate their inhibitory effects in vitro.Methods The eukaryotic expression plasmids of human Fas and TNFR1 gene were constructed(pcDNA3.0-hFas and pcDNA3.0-hTNFR1)and have been shown successfully to express hFas and hTNFR1 protein.miRNA expression plasmids of hFas and hTNFR1 named p-hFasmiRNA and p-hTNFR1miRNA complimentary to the sequence responsible for hFas and hTNFR1 respective were constructed,meanwhile irrelevant miRNA plasmid was used as a control.By respective co-transfection of p-hFasmiRNA and pcDNA3.0-hFas,p-hTNFR1 miRNA and pcDNA3.0-hTNFR1 expression construct into 293T cells,the inhibition of hFas and hTNFR1 expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot.Results The experiments showed the significant inhibitory effect of p-hFasmiRNA on hFas and p-hTNFR1miRNA on hTNFR1 expression at 48 h post-transfection both at RNA level and protein level as well in 293T cell lines with the inhibitory efficiency being as high as 87% for hFas and 80% for hTNFR1,respectively.Conclusion The p-hFasmiRNA and p-hTNFR1miRNA were constructed successfully,and it was verified that they could specifically inhibit the hFas and hTNFR1 expression at the cellular level.

Previous study on TNFRl-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis has been implicated in the development of fulminant viral hepatitis.To interfere with the potentially effective target,plasmid named p-mTNFR1shRNA complimentary to the sequence responsible for mTNFR1 was also constructed and further confirmed by sequence analysis.To investigate the effect of mTNFR1shRNA plasmid on mTNFR1 expression in vivo and the disease progress in MHV-3 induced fulminant hepatitis mice model.By hydrodynamic injection of mTNFRlshRNA plasmid,the survival rate of mice,hepatic pathological change were examined and compared between mice with/without mTNFR1 shRNA plasmid intervention.The expression of mTNFR1 was detected by Real-time PCR,immunohistochemistry staining.The mTNFR1 shRNA plasmid significantly reduced mTNFR1 expression in vivo,markedly ameliorates inflammatory infiltration,prolonged the survival time period and elevated the survival rate from 0 up to 13.3% in Balb/cJ mice with MHV-3 induced fulminant hepatitis.This study was designed to explore the opportunity of RNA interference technique in inhibiting TNFR1 expression,which has been reported to be involved in the development of a variety of diseases including fulminant viral hepatitis and severe chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To evaluate effects of the daily average temperature on the daily number of outpatient visits for eczema in Lanzhou city.Methods Clinical data were obtained from outpatients with eczema in the Department of Dermatology of 2 third-grade class-A hospitals in Lanzhou city from January 1st 2007 to December 31st 2015,and meteorological data during this period were also collected.Controlling for confounding factors like long-term trends and day of the week,a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) fitted with quasi-Poisson link function was used to assess the effects of daily average temperature on the daily number of outpatient visits for eczema,and the analysis was stratified by season,age and gender.Results The exposure-response relationship between the daily average temperature and daily number of outpatient visits for eczema could be roughly described by a W-shaped curve.Stratification analysis showed that the effect of the daily average temperature on outpatient visits for eczema was strongest in autumn and winter,followed by summer,and weakest in spring.Low temperature may have lagged,cumulative and persistent effects on the daily number of outpatient visits for eczema,with the maximum relative risk (RR) value (1.12 [95％ CI:1.03-1.22]) observed at-9 ℃ on lag day 14.With a 1 ℃decrease in the temperature,16％ (RR =1.16,95％ CI:1.00-1.03),14％ (RR =1.14,95％ CI:1.02-1.26) and 13％ (RR =1.13,95％ CI:1.02-1.25) increases in the daily number of outpatient visits for eczema were observed in men,teenagers and middle-aged adults respectively (P ＜ 0.05).However,low temperature had no significant effects on outpatient visits for eczema among women or the elderly (P ＞0.05).The effect of high temperature usually occurred following exposure without lag periods,and was gradually weakened over lag time (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In Lanzhou,the effect of daily average temperature on outpatient visits for eczema was strongest in autumn and winter.Changes of the daily temperature may be one of risk factors for eczema.Low temperature had lagged effects on the daily number of outpatient visits for eczema,and the effects were strongest on lag day 14.

So far there exists no corresponding quality test procedures and grading standards for the seed of Prunus humilis, which is one of the important source of base of semen pruni. Therefor we set up test procedures that are adapt to characteristics of the P. humilis seed through the study of the test of sampling, seed purity, thousand-grain weight, seed moisture, seed viability and germination percentage. 50 cases of seed specimens of P. humilis tested. The related data were analyzed by cluster analysis. Through this research, the seed quality test procedure was developed, and the seed quality grading standard was formulated. The seed quality of each grade should meet the following requirements: for first grade seeds, germination percentage ≥ 68%, thousand-grain weight 383 g, purity ≥ 93%, seed moisture ≤ 5%; for second grade seeds, germination percentage ≥ 26%, thousand-grain weight ≥ 266 g, purity ≥ 73%, seed moisture ≤9%; for third grade seeds, germination percentage ≥ 10%, purity ≥ 50%, thousand-grain weight ≥ 08 g, seed moisture ≤ 13%.
Cluster Analysis ; Germination ; Prunus ; growth & development ; Seeds ; physiology

Objective To evaluate effects of daily average temperature on the occurrence of urticaria in Lanzhou city,and to analyze differences in the effects between different populations.Methods Time-series data on daily outpatient visits for urticaria between January 1,2007 and December 31,2013 were collected from the First Hospital of Lanzhou University and Lanzhou University Second Hospital.Daily meteorological data during this peroid were obtained from the Gansu Meteorological Bureau.Distributed lag non-linear models were used to analyze the association between daily average temperature and occurrence of urticaria,and the analysis was stratified by age and gender.Results The association between daily average temperature and daily number of outpatient visits for urticaria was nonlinear.Low temperature had significant lag effects on the daily number of outpatient visits for urticaria,with the maximum relative risk (RR) value (1.014 [95％ CI 1.000-1.023]) observed at 6 ℃ on lag day 18.Stratification analysis demonstrated that the effects of high temperature on the number of outpatient visits for urticaria were apparent on the day of exposure in age groups of 0-18 and 19-64 years,but decreased on the day of exposure in the age group ≥ 65 years.The effects of low temperature,which showed similar trends along with the increment of lag days in all groups,were relatively delayed and occurred 2 to 4 days after exposure.Conclusions Air temperature affects the occurrence of urticaria in Lanzhou city.Low temperature has evident lag effects on the occurrence of urticaria,while high temperature does not have.

This study was designed to explore the RNA interference technique in inhibition of the expression of the mouse fibrinogen like protein 2 (mfgl2), which has been reported to be involved in the development a variety of diseases including fulminant viral hepatitis. A plasmid named p-mfgl2shRNA,complementary to the sequence of mfgl2 was constructed, while another short hairpin RNA (shRNA)which was a mutated form of the mfgl2shRNA sequences was used as a control. A plasmid named pEGFP-mfgl2 expressing the mfgl2-EGFP fusion protein was also constructed for the screening of the effect of p-mfgl2shRNA on mfgl2 expression. By cotransfection of p-mfgl2shRNA and pEGFP-mfgl2 or pcDNA3.1-mfgl2 expression construct into CHO cells or HeLa cells, the inhibition of mfgl2 expression by mfgl2shRNA was analyzed by direct observation through fluorescent microscopy, FACS, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. The experiments showed the significant inhibitory effect of p-mfgl2shRNA on mfgl2 expression at 48h post-transfection in both CHO and Hela cell lines with the inhibitory efficiency as high as 80.1%. The study demonstrated that the construct of p-mfgl2shRNA successfully interfered with the mfgl2 expression in vitro.