Objective:To detect the specificity killing effect of anti-CD4-epirubicin immunoconjugate on T origin lymphoma cells.Methods:The immunoconjugate was made by linking anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody with epirubicin using Dextran T10 as linkage. The affinity and the killing effect of the immunoconjugate in vitro and in vivo were detected by complement independent cytotoxicity, immuno-histochemistry, CFU-GM and ~ 125 I-anti-CD4 radio-immuno-imaging in nude mice.Results:Anti-CD4 immunoconjugate showed a strong affinity and specific killing effect to T origin lymphoma CEM cells.Conclusion:Anti-CD4-epirubicin and ~ 125 I-anti-CD4 could be used for diagnosis and treatment of T origin lymphoma.

【Objective】To observe the influence of medicated diet with spleen-invigorating and phlegm-removing herbs on the therapeutic effect of acupuncture for simple obesity.【Methods】Ninety-six female simple obesity patients with phlegm-damp retention in the interior due to spleen deficiency were equally randomized into two groups by simple random method.Groups A(n=48)and B(n=48)were given dietary control,acupuncture on acupoints of Zusanli(ST36),Pishu(BL20) and Feishu(BL13),and catgutembedment(CE)in auricular points of spleen,stomach and tri-energizer.Group A additionally took a medicated diet for invigorating Qi and strengthening spleen,removing phlegm and draining damp.After one-month treatment,body weight,index of body weight and height were measured,and serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein(LDL)and high-density lipoprotein(HDL)were determined.【Results】Body weight,index of body weight and height,and blood lipid levels were decreased in groups A and B after treatment(P

Objective To provide an anatomical basis for treatment of coronoid process fractures through an anteromedial elbow approach and evaluate its clinical effects.Methods Forty cadaveric specimens of adult upper limb were dissected to evaluate the anatomical relationships between the median nerve branches and the nearby muscles in the field of the anteromedial elbow approach.On the basis of the anatomical study,10 patients with coronoid fracture were treated from June 2014 to June 2015.They were 7 males and 3 females,from 17 to 63 years of age (average,43 years).By the O'Driscoll classification,there were 2 cases of type Ⅰ1,3 ones of type Ⅰ2,one of type Ⅱ1,3 ones of type Ⅱ2 and one of type Ⅲ2.The anteromedial elbow approach through the intramuscular space between the pronator teres and the flexor carpi radialis was used to reduce and fixate the fractures of unlar coronoid process and to explore and repair the medial collateral ligaments in all the patients.The ranges of extension,flexion and rotation of the elbow joint were measured at the last follow-ups;the function of the elbow was evaluated according to Mayo elbow performance scores (MEPS).Results The main branch of the median nerve ran between the lateral and the medial epicondyles of the humerus,27.34 mm away to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.The mean distance between the first pronator teres nerve branch and the coronoid process was 13.19 mm.The mean distance between the flexor carpi radialis nerve branch and the coronoid process was 47.02 mm.The mean distance from the medial epicondyle to the flexor carpi radialis nerve branch was 64.40 mm.All the patientswere followed up for an average of 12 months (from 6 to 18 months).Fractures united after an average of 1.8 months (from 1.5 to 2.0 months).Deformity,instability,pain or limited motion of the elbow joint was not observed during the follow-ups.At the last follow-ups,the mean flexion-extension arc of the elbow was 133.0° (from 120° to 140°),the mean rotation was 144.5° (from 130° to 160°),and the mean MEPS was 98 points (from 95 to 100 points).Conclusions The anteromedial approach through the intramuscular space between the pronator teres and the flexor carpi radiafis is a reliable and safe access for coronoid process fractures,because it leads to less injury to the median nerve than the anterior approach,and exposes the coronoid more favorably than the medial approach to facilitate reduction and fixation of the fracture fragments.

The purpose of this study is to find out anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT)/protease (PR) activity and inhibition of virus replication in cell cultures of novel coumarin analogs and determine their structure-activity relationship. Coumarin derivatives have been demonstrated to inhibit the activity of HIV-1 RT/PR in cell free system. It also shows inhibition effects to HIV-1 replication in cell culture. Based on the Chinese traditional pharmacological characteristics and protein three dimension computer aided design, analogs of tetracyclic dipyranocoumarin were synthesized from natural leading compounds. We studied the relationship of antiviral effects and chemical structures via HIV-1 PR/RT enzyme models and cell culture model system. Seven compounds were designed and tested. Several compounds showed anti-HIV-1 activity in varying degrees, especially V0201 showed much higher anti-HIV-1 activity with 3.56 and 0.78 micromol x L(-1) of IC50 against HIV-1 PR/RT and 0.036 micromol x L(-1) against HIV-1 replication in PBMC cultures. V0201 with a novel structure may be a new leading compound. These new compounds are valuable for development of new anti-HIV drugs in the future.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo) following mandibular nerve transection. The expression of CGRP and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days post-axotomy (dpa) by using immunohistochemical and double-immunofluorescence histochemical methods. And the number of CGRP-positive surviving motoneurons was examined by using image analysis system. The present results showed that there was a "biphasic" up-regulation of CGRP-immunoreactivity at 3 and 35 dpa on the ipsilateral side of the Vmo, and significant changes were also observed on the contralateral side. Quantitative analysis revealed that there was almost no loss of motoneurons in the Vmo but there was an evident increase in GFAP expression around the Vmo neurons on the ipsilateral side after axotomy. The present results suggest that the up-regulation of CGRP may exert its trophic effects in both the acute stress reaction and the recovery of the injured motoneurons, and the activated astrocytes may be well involved in this process.

Objective To observe the function of kidney compromised and histopathological changes of renal tissue in heatstroke rats under the dry-heat atmosphere of desert in order to find the mechanism for provide a rationale of clinical treatment.Methods Forty-eight anaesthetized rats were divided into six groups (n =8 in each group):mild heatstroke group with its control group,moderate heatstroke group with its control group,and severe heatstroke group with its control group.The rats of three heatstroke groups were placed in a dry-heat environment prolonged with 41 ℃ and 10％ humidity,and the three control groups were placed in a room temperature prolonged with 25 ℃ and 35％ humidity.At heatstroke status of each group,arterial blood samples were collected from each group for testing creatine kinase (CK),creatinine (CREAT),uric acid (UA) and urea,kidney tissues and muscle tissues were taken for pathological examinations.Results Pathological examination showed dilatation and congestion of vessels,thrombosis,bleeding,protein casts and endothelium injury were found in the heatstroke rats.In mild heatstroke,the pathological changes mainly manifested as dilatation and congestion of vessels ; in moderate one,the changes mainly manifested as thrombosis; and in severe one,changes mainly manifested as bleeding and protein casts.Muscle tissues presented rhabdomyolysis,especially in severe one.The differences in biomarkers between three different degrees of heatstroke showed statistical significance (CK:F =136.204,P =0.000;CREAT:F =172.865,P=0.000; UA:F=546.454,P=0.000; urea:F=73.823,P=0.000).There was no significant difference in UA between mild heatstroke group and its control group (t =1.943 ;P =0.072),and the differences in rest biomarkers showed statistical significance between each heatstroke group and its control group (P =0.000).Conclusions The kidney injury developed during heatstroke in dry-heat environment of desert suggests that we should be alert to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC),myolysis and acute kidney failure,and should monitor the blood biochemical changes closely and treat it energetically,rescuing a heatstroke patient in dry-heat environment of desert.

Objective Through the evaluation of acute myocardial infarction patients care burden of caregivers,to understand caregiver stress con?dition,and to investigate the effective predictors of acute myocardial infarction patients care burden of caregivers,so as to provide the basis for im?provement of the care burden. Methods A cross?sectional study was conducted through convenience sampling using Zarit Caregiver Burden Inter?view as the measuring tool. Questionnaires were collected by face?to?face structured interviews towards caregivers. Care burden of caregivers was eval?uated on these primary caregivers of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results Caregivers of patients with myocardial infarction endure high care burden level. There were statistically significance among patients with different ages or revenue,the relationship of caregivers with patients,nurs?ing hours per day,psychological alignment and patients′self?care ability. Conclusion Caregivers of patients with myocardial infarction endure high care burden level. The relationship between caregivers and patients,the patient′s gender,nursing total time,nursing time every day,and the pa?tient's life self?care ability are contributed to be predictive factors. Future interventions should be strengthen on the psychological ability of the align?ment as well as measures to improve the self?care ability of the patient's life.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of OX40L gene silence in dentritic cells by RNAi through lentiviral vector, so that to explore the influence of CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory cells by blocking OX40/OX40L costimulation signals. Methods Serial plasmids were constructed, consisting of lentiviral vector framework, containing different OX40L siRNA sequences. The most effective packaged one by 293T cells to be the operating siRNA vector named OX4OL-RNAi-LV was chosen. The negative comparing vector was NC-GFP-LV. DCs isolated from C57BL/6 mice by magnetic selecting system were cultured in vitro and divided into 3 groups. Experimental group and negative control group were transfected with OX40L-RNAi-LV and NC-GFP-LV, respectively, and the blank control group was given the same volume culture solution. The MOI was 25. The status of transfection and GFP expression was monitored by GFP fluorescence. 6 days later, CD86 positive DCs were isolated and were co-cultured with CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory cells isolated from na(y)ve BALB/C. 6 days later, the proliferation and apoptosis of Tregs were evaluated by flow cytometry.Results The most effective siRNA sequence targeted the C,CTCATACAAGAATGAGTA episode of OX40L gene. The suppressive ratio of the OX40L protein expression was 73.1%. While the MOI was 25, the DCs transfected ratio by lentiviral vectors was at the level of 86. 4%. After co-cultured for 6 days, the CD4+CD25 +T regulatory cells of experimental group have a higher proliferation index (respectively, 38.3% vs.24.5 % ,22. 9%, F = 95.40, P = 0. 000) and lower apoptosis percentage ( respectively, 8.7 % vs. 20. 1%,19.8%, F=244.22,P=0. 000) than negative group and blank group. Conclusions The OX40L siRNA lentiviral vetor was constructed. This vector could effectively transfect DCs and block OX40/OX40L pathway, so to promote CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory cells proliferation in vitro.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of virulence genes(ply, pspA, nanA, lytA, psaA) among Streptococcus pneumoniae recently isolated from clinical patients. Methods The 133 strains were isolated from patients in three teaching hospitals in Chongqing from 2006 to 2008. Polymerase chain reaction was used to screen for virulence genes (ply, pspA, nanA, lytA, psaA). Results The positive rate of lytA, psaA, ply, nanA and pspA in 133 clinical isolates were 94.7%, 85.0%, 82.7%, 84. 2% and 60.2%, respectively. The positive rates of the lytA, psaA, ply, nanA and pspA genes in 87 common serotypes isolates was 100%, 87.4%, 86.2%, 89.7%, 67.8%, respectively. Conclusion The total positive rates of five virulence genes in the 133 clinical strains were high. The positive rates of five genes in the com-mon serotypes isolates were higher than those in the no-common serotypes. These genes are important virulence genes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. They could be candidates for protein vaccine of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Objective To analyze the clonal gene rearrangement and complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) repertoire of TCR β-chain in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens of lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Methods The TCR CDR3 region genes of 24 TCR Vβ subfamilies were amplified by utilizing RT-PCR technology, and the CDR3 lengths of TCR β-chain were analyzed with gene scan technology for 2 cases with lymph node reactive hyperplasia and 3 patients with lymph node metastasis of breast cancer. The clonality of T cells presumed by spectra typing was further confirmed by CDR3 sequencing. Results TCR β-chain presented specific repertoire skewing in metastatic lymph node,and only 3-5 TCR Vβ subfamily of T cells were identified, respectively. Clonal expanded T cells, including oligoclonal, polyclonal patterns, in one or more Vβ subfamilies were found in all cases. The oligoclonal expanded T cells had different CDR3 amino acid sequences. Conclusion There are characteristic T cells cloning proliferation and selected usage of TCR Vβ subfamily T cells could be found in metastatic lymph node.The sequences of CDR3 in different TCR clone proliferation are mostly different.