The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships of optimistic bias about gastric cancer, self-efficacy of healthy dietary behavior and unhealthy dietary habit in Korean adult men. The subjects were 394 men aged from 20 to 64 who lived in Seoul, Kyonggi Do, Kwang-Ju, Jeonnam Do. Data was collected by questionnaire surveys using convenient sampling. The instruments used for this study were extracted and modified from Lee's(2003). The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/PC 10.0 version. Unhealthy dietary habit in adult men indicated a significantly negative correlation to optimistic bias about gastric cancer(r=-.159, p=.002) and self-efficacy of healthy dietary behavior(r=-.470. P=.000). The most significant predictors influencing unhealthy dietary habit in adult men were age and self-efficacy of healthy dietary behavior. The variance explained was about 24%. These results suggested that men of young age and lack of self-efficacy of healthy dietary behavior are likely to have unhealthy dietary behavior. Therefore. considering age and facilitating self-efficacy are needed in nursing education and intervention for dietary habit change.
Adult* ; Bias (Epidemiology)* ; Education, Nursing ; Food Habits* ; Gwangju ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Lasers, Solid-State*

No abstract available.
Lasers, Solid-State*

Skull base surgery has developed through the evolution of imaging, anatomic research, surgical approach and reconstructive techiques. The basic disciplines of approaching skull base lesions are to provide direct vision, minimize brain retraction, allow excellent exposure and minimal blood loss. Although many advantages listed above are reported, objective long-term follow up results about post-operative complications of this procedures were not introduced. This study was designed to review the complications of skull base approach that we experienced 43 cases by a team approach with neurosurgery-supraorbital rim osteotomy, orbitozygomatic osteotomy, orbitozygom aticoglen-oidotomy, orbitozygomaticoglenoidocondylotomy, and transfrontonasomaxillary osteotomy-through objective evalutation criteria. The result of this study demonstrated that the type of complications were consisted with perioperative infection (5 cases), subdural empyema (1 case), CSF leakage(1 case), hematoma (1 case), meningitis (3 cases), ophthalmic nerve injury (1 case),facial nerve injury (2 cases), T-M joint problem ( 2 cases), & enophthalmos ( 2cases). In conclusion, after performing the different skull base approaches, we analyzed several complications of the above procedures. We analyzed with the purpose of preventing complications in the next skull base approach.
Brain ; Empyema, Subdural ; Enophthalmos ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hematoma ; Joints ; Meningitis ; Ophthalmic Nerve ; Osteotomy ; Skull Base* ; Skull*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* ; Iron*

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps* ; Hand*

BACKGROUND: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common peripheral vestibular disorder that often resolves spontaneously. It was long believed that the condition was caused by inorganic particles in the cupula of the posterior semicircular canal. Management of this condition includes medication, surgery, physical exercise and more recently particle repositioning maneuvers. Among the various therapies, exercise therapy (ET) reported by Brandt-Daroff was based on the theory of cupulolithiasis and is designed to treat BPPV through dispersion of the debris from the cupula. METHODS: Fifty four patients with BPPV were treated with ET to determine the effectiveness. Fifteen additional patients with BPPV were treated with only medication and served as a control group. RESULT: Forty eight of 54 cases (88.9%) treated with ET showed improvement after 2 weeks. With medication alone, 8 of the 15 cases (53.4%) showed improvement after 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The most important benefit of this maneuver seemed to be more expedient recovery than that with medication alone.
Exercise ; Exercise Therapy* ; Humans ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo*

Pathological study was performed on the 135 cases (137 lesion) of early gastric cancer (EGC) diagnosed during the period from 1970 to 1988. The gastrectomy specimens were obtained from Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan Paik Hospital. The statistical analysis was applied on the point of pathological and epidemiological aspects. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The proportion of patients with EGC of all gastric cancer diagnosed in Pusan area during the period of 1970 to 1974 was 1.3%, those during 1975 to 1979 was 1.7%, those during 1980 to 1984 was 7.8%, and those during 1985 to 1988 was 20.0% respectively. 2) The model age group was 6th decade in both sexes. The average age of patients with EGC was 50. 1-year-old in men and 47. 9-year-old in women respectively. The sex ratio (M/F) was 2 : 1 but it was lower for young people than for old people. 3) The proportion of sites involved by the EGC in the stomach was as follows : the antrum 61%, the body 39%, and the cardia and fundus 0.01%. The intestinal type cancer more frequently involved the lower portion than the upper portion of the stomach. 4) Regarding the distribution of the gross types of EGC, the elevated group (Type I, IIa) accounted for 14%, the flat type (Type IIb) accounted for 4%, and the depressed group (Type IIc, III) accounted for 82%. There was no correlation between the gross type and the depth of the lesion. The elevated group was more frequent in intestinal type than in diffuse type. 5) The size distribution of the EGC was as follows : 46% of the lesions were smaller than 2.0 cm in diameter, 47% were between 2.1 to 5.0 cm, and 7% were larger than 5.1 cm. There was no correlation between the size of the lesion and the gross type. 6) The intestinal type of EGC was 77 lesions (56.2%) and the diffuse type 60 lesions (43.8%). The ratio of both types (I/D) was 1.3 : 1, and it was lower for younger people than for old people. 7) Ten of 135 cases (7%) had lymph node metastases. The metastatic rate of EGC confined to submucosa was much higher than that of EGC confined to mucosa only, but the metastatic rate was not related with the size of the lesion.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: IL-4 is known as a potent stimulating factor and, TNF-α and IFN-γ suppress collagen synthesis of dermal fibroblasts. However, relatively little is known about interaction of these cytokines. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interactional effect of TNF-α and INF-r for the type I collagen gene expression and promoter activation produced by IL-4. METHODS: Using dermal fibroblasts from the normal skin cultured with three cytokines, IL-4, TNF-α and IFN-γ, we examined Northern blot analysis with each cDNA and assayed CAT activity with human pro a 2(l)collagen(COL1A2)/CAT reporter gene chimeric construct. RESULTS: Compared to the control, treating with IL-4 resulted in prominent elevation of both type I procollagen mRNA levels and prce 2(I) collagen promoter activity. IL-4 with TNF-α suppressed the IL-4 induced elevations, whereas IL-4 with IFN-γ did not reveal the obvious suppression of the elevations produced by IL-4. Fibroolasts treated with IL-4 together with IFN-γ and TNF-α completely abolished the type I procollagen gene expression and the activation of COL1A2 promoter gene elicited by IL-4. CONCLUSION: IL-4 induced enhancement of type I collagen gene expression was synergistically suppressed by TNF-α and IFN-γ on transcriptional level.
Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cats ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I ; Cytokines ; DNA, Complementary ; Fibroblasts* ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans* ; Interleukin-4* ; Necrosis* ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin*

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to develope a structural model of health insensitivity and to verify the model of health insensitivity. METHOD: There were three theoretical variables in the hypothetical model. The endogenous variable was health insensitivity which is a concept including bluntness of health risk perception and unhealthy behavior. The exogenous variables were composed of personal factors and socio-cultural factors. In personal factors, neuroticism, external health locus of control, blunting style of information-seeking, deficit of self-efficacy, knowledge deficit related to health, health-related experience, age and education were included. Whereas socio-cultural factors include perceived group size of unhealthy behavior and stereotypes of unhealthy behavior. RESULT: Personal factors and sociocultural factors were significant in explanation of the health insensitivity. Relationship between personal factors and sociocultural factors was significant, too. However, the optimistic bias as part of health insensitivity was not supported by these data. GFI, AGFI and PGFI were .95, .92, .65, respectively. Therefore, this model was verified to be a good fit to the data and parsimonious. CONCLUSION: Nursing to change unhealthy behavior has focused on personal factors rather than sociocultural factors. Based on this result, however, the sociocultural factors should be considered as well.
Adult* ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Education ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Models, Structural* ; Nursing