Objective To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis and follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) patients after percutaneous radiofrequence ablation ( RFA). Methods The data of 46 HCC cases were reviewed in our study. Results of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) , ultrasound contrast agent sonography and grey ultrasound were compared with each other pre- and after percutaneous radiofrequence ablation. Results Contrast agent ultrasound imaging had the same value with CT in preoperative diagnosis of HCC, with postive likelihood ratio of 1.26 and 1.31, respectively,sensitivity of 97% and 91% and specificity of 23% and 31% respectively. For grey ultrasound the positive likelihood ratio was 0.99, sensitivity and specificity was 76% and 23% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound after percutaneous radiofrequence ablation was 60% and 90% respectively, and the postive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio was 6. 18 and 0. 44 respectively. The difference was significant while compared with CT (P = 0. 012). All cases were followed-up from 1 to 9 months, and all were alive with recurrence found by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in 3 cases. Conclusions Contrast agent ultrasound imaging is sensitive and effective in the diagnosis of HCC and follow-up after percutaneous radiofrequence ablation.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexamethasone addition in block anesthesia before surgery on postoperative quality of life after extraction of impacted mandibular wisdom teeth. Methods Using a random number table, 120 cases of patients were divided into experimental and control groups, each group contains 60 cases whose mandibular wis?dom tooth will be extracted. Before the surgery, the experimental group patients perform local block anesthetic injection with 3 mL out of 5 mL mixture of 2%lidocaine 4 mL+dexamethasone 1 mL (5 mg) to block nerve. The control group was given block anesthesia of inferior alveolar nerve with 3 mL of 2%lidocaine block anesthesia alone. Improved postoperative symp?toms severity scale (PoSSe) was used to evaluate patients’quality of life after tooth extraction comprehensively and quantita?tively by analysis and comparison of the two sets of scores. Results The experimental group’s PoSSe scores were 18.059 1 ± 13.210 9, which was lower compared with control group (27.819 3 ± 15.716 9). In experimental group, diet, language, swelling, pain and daily points were lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Topical application of dexamethasone in mandibular wisdom tooth extraction reduces postoperative adverse reactions in a certain degree and im?prove postoperative quality of life.

Basal Ganglia Diseases ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; adverse effects ; Male ; Palliative Care ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognostic factors for Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in children.Methods A retrospective review of patients diagnosed as LCH was carried out between January 2007 and December 2012 in Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University.Target patients were divided into multi-organ high-risk groups (Group Ⅰ),multi-organ low-risk groups (Group Ⅱ),single-organ groups (GroupⅢ),and the corresponding intensity of chemotherapy was given.SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the findings.The correlations among the affected organ,the early treatment response and the prognosis were analyzed.Results A total of 217 patients were analyzed including 127 boys and 90 girls with ratio of 1.4 ∶ 1.0 and a median age of 36 months (ranged from 2 months to 14 years) on the diagnosis of LCH,and there were 132 cases (60.8％) in group Ⅰ,33 cases (15.3％) in group Ⅱ and 52 cases (23.9％) in group Ⅲ.The median age on diagnosis was 20 months in group Ⅰ,42 months in group Ⅱ and 72 months in group Ⅲ.The most frequently affected organ was the bone (176 cases,81.2％).Among 217 patients,55 cases (25.3％) had recurrence and 12 cases died.The rate of 3-year overall survival was expected to be 90.78％.The rate of 3-year event free survival was expected to be 76.5％.Myelosuppression,liver function damage and infection were the most common side effects due to chemotherapy with the percentages of 48.4％ (105 cases),24.0％ (52 cases) and 12.4％ (27 cases).Risk organs involvement and no-response to initial therapy (after 6 weeks) indicated a worse prognosis (x2 =10.60,12.84,P =0.017,0.001).Conclusions Incidence of LCH in boys is slightly higher than girls in children.Peak age at onset of LCH in children is 1-3 years old.Bone is the most frequent involved organ.Involvement of risk organs and no-response to initial therapy are key factors in determining worse prognosis.A rescue therapy should be introduced earlier in these patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of automated urine formed elements analyzer and/or urine dipstick analyzer for examination of urinary formed elements in screening urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods 148 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from the UTI patients and 284 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from non-UTI subjects were selected. Bacteria culture was performed for bacterial colony counting and identification. Bacteria counts ( BACT), yeast-like fungus and WBC were performed by UF-looOi automated urine formed elements analyzer. Leukocyte esterase test (LEU) and nitrite test (NIT) were performed by URISYS 2400 urine dipstick analyzer. We evaluated data obtained from urine dipstick analyzer, UF-1000i and combination of UF-1000i with urine dipstick analyzer and the results was compared with those obtained from quantitative bacterial culture. Then we evaluated the sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. Results Among the 148 patients with UTI, the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture was 73.6% (109/148), the positive rate of LEU and NIT detected by dipstick test 26. 4% (39/148).There was significantly statistical difference between bacterial culture and strip test(χ2 = 55.68 ,P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of urine flow cytometry by UF-1000i with either positive of BACT and WBC was 91.2%(135/148), which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. There was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 14. 70, P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of anyone positive among BACT, WBC, LEU and NIT was 94. 6% (140/148) when detected with combination of dipstick test and UF-1000i, which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. And there was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 20. 45, P < 0. 05 ). The sensitivity of dipstick test was low (26. 4% ,39/148 ), and specificity was high ( 99. 3%, 282/284 ) . The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of BACT detected by UF-1000i in diagnosing urinary tract infection were 92. 6% ( 137/148 ), 39. 8% ( 113/284 ). 44. 5% ( 137/308 ) and 91.1% ( 113/124 ), respectively. If the dipstick test was combined with UF-1000i, the sensitivity, negative predictive value, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy were 98.0% ( 145/148 ), 97.1% ( 100/103 ). 35.2% (100/284) ,44. 1% (145/329) and 56. 7% (245/432), respectively. Conclusions The combination of urine dipstick test and automated urine formed elements analyzer UF-1000i plays an important role in early diagnosis of UTI. And it has significant value in diagnosis of UTI, especially for the patients with negative bacterial cultures of urine sample.

Objective To establish a method of inducing dendritic cells(DC)from rat bone marrow cells in vitro,and identify the phenotype and function characteristics.Methods The rat bone malToW cells were collected and cultured in vitro under the condition of recombinant rat GM-CSF(rrGM-CSF)and recombinant rat IL-4(rrIL-4).After 2 weeks,the morphological character of DCs was observed under light microscope and scanning electron microscope.Expression of MHC-Ⅱ,CD80 and CD86 were detected by flow cytometry.The ability to stimulate allogenic T cells of the cultured DCs was detected by mixed lymphocyte reaction.Results DCs showed typical morphology with elongated dendritic processes under inversion microscope and scanning electron microscope.DCs at day 6 revealed immature phenotype,including MHC-Ⅱ(29.03 ±4.39)%,CD80(21.98±7.08)%and CD86(25.94±6.80)%.DCs at day 12 showed higher expression of MHC-Ⅱ(74.05±5.97)%,CD80(79.85±6.53)%and CD86(81.00±7.47)%,and stimulatory capacity of allogenic T cells,compared with that in DCs at day 6.Conclusion Matured DCs could be generated from rat bone marrow cells and attendance with rrGM-CSF and rrIL-4,which present the feasibility for further research on its application to allograft immunorejection.

Objective To investigate the risk factors which indicate behavior problems and degree of conflict function defects in different subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder( ADHD),and to compare behavioral problems,family environment and conflict function in children with and without ADHD.Methods 87children with ADHD and 38 matched controls performed Simon-Stroop task while questionnaires (Parent Symptom Questionnaire and Family environment Scale)were acquired from their parents.Results Questionnaire indicated that children with ADHD-combined(ADHD-C) had the highest score of conduct problem( 1.05 ± 0.44),learning problem ( 1.97 ± 0.52 ),hyperactivity-impulsion ( 1.56 ± 0.60) and hyperactivity index ( 1.45 ± 0.40 ) than ADHDⅠ(0.65±0.32,1.58 ±0.58,1.06 ±0.46,1.01 ±0.31) and matched controls ( 0.42 ±0.24,0.77 ±0.49,0.58±0.40,0.55 ±0.34) in PSQ.ADHD-Ⅰ and ADHD-C had higher score of contradiction(3.28 ± 1.70,4.61 ±2.56 ) and lower score of family cohesion (6.75 ± 2.27,6.61 ± 2.03 ),emotional expression (5.03 ± 1.54,5.06 ±1.91 ),knowledge (3.83 ± 2.30,3.61 ± 1.81 ) and entertainment (3.70 ± 2.12,3.47 ± 2.32 ) than matched controls (2.36 ± 1.44,8.06 ± 1.71,6.03 ± 1.54,4.86 ± 1.91,4.83 ± 2.29) in FES-CV.Behavior data indicated that the correct rate of children with ADHD-Ⅰ and ADHD-C in Simon-incongruent trials( Siin:0.76 ± 0.13,0.69 ±0.13 ) and Stroop-inconsistent trials( Stin:0.82 ± 0.10,0.78 ± 0.08 )were lower and reaction time of children with ADHD-Ⅰ and ADHD-C in the Siin ( (876.4 ± 97.34) ms,( 893.8 ± 130.1 ) ms) and Stin ( ( 864.4 ± 91.82 ) ms,(860.2 ± 125.0) ms) were longer than matched controls ( (Siin (0.81 ± 0.11 ) ms,(810.4 ± 136.1 ) ms; Stin (0.87 ± 0.08 ) ms,(797.4 ± 136.1 ) ms).Pearson correlation analysis suggested that some factors in the FES-CV had correlation with behavioral problems.Conclusion This finding indicates that poor family environment is the risk factor that indicate behavioral problems in children with ADHD and behavioral problems,conflict function defeet of ADHD-C are more serious than ADHD-Ⅰ and matched controls.

ObjectiveTo explore the particular inner world of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)with the sandplay therapy and the initial sandtray's clinical diagnosis role and value on the ADHD.MethodsThe differences of the initial sandtrays between 28 children with ADHD and 24 normal children were compared.Results 1.On the use of toys,the experimental group was significantly higher in transports ((5.04 ±6.60),(1.38 ±2.12),t=2.73) and lower in stones((0.00 ±0.00),(8.00 ± 12.33),t=-3.18).2.On the scene of sandtrays,the experimental group was significantly higher in the fight( x2 =12.96,P ＜ 0.01 ),dynamic scenes ( x2 =13.37,P ＜ 0.01 ).3.On the use of self-images,the experimental group was lower than the normal children,and the differences were significant ( x2 =4.75,P ＜ 0.05 ).4.There were no significant differences in the use of sand between two groups( x2 =3.46,P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionThe results show that the children with ADHD have significantly characteristics in sandtrays.Initial sandtray is valuable to be an aid to clinical diagnosis and intervention means.

Objective To analyze the antioxidant activities of extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. by different solvents, and to determine the contents of total flavonoids. Methods By employing colorimetric method, contents of total flavonoids in different extracts were determined. The free radical scavenging activity of each extract was measured by DPPH method. Results Different extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. by different solvents were provided with DPPH free radical scavenging activities, of which the ethyl alcohol extracts were the highest in scavenging activities. In addition, total flavonoids content of ethyl alcohol extracts was significantly higher than that of others. Conclusion The antioxidant activity of extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. was related to the content of total flavonoids in it.

Objective To investigate the role of GABAB1 receptors in spinal dorsal horn neurons in the development of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Methods Sixty pathogen free male SD rats aged 4 weeks weighing 150-170 g were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 30 each): control group and DNP group. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 50 mg/kg. Blood glucose levels and paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli were measured at 3, 5 and 7 weeks (T1, T2, T3 ) after IP STZ/NS ( n = 10 each). The animals were sacrificed after PWL measurement. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of GABAB1 receptors by immuno-histochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results The blood glucose levels were significantly higher while the PWT was significantly lower at T1,T2 and T3 in group DNP than in control group. The expression of GABAB1 receptor mRNA and protein in spinal dorsal horn was significantly lower at T2 and T3 in DNP group than in control group. Conclusion The expression of GABAb1 receptors is down-regulated in spinal dorsal horn neurons in rats with DNP.