Evaluation methods of chronic sinusitis ( Visual Analogue Score and Lund-Kennedy Score) were recom-mended by the 2009 Chinese Medical Association otolaryngology head and neck surgery to nasal Science Group,and retrospective analysis of the functional endoscopic sinus surgery for noninvasive fungal sinusitis treatment effect of 143 patients. VAS of preoperative was 5.8±1.0,postoperative score was 3.9±1.0, 2.4±0.9 after 3 months,6 months, respectively (P<0.01). Lund-Kennedy Score of preoperative was 7.7±2.1, postoperative score was 3.7±1.9, 1.6±1.4 after 3 months,6 months respectively (P<0.01).

Objective To investigate the different characteristics of gastrointestinal migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC) of different origin in fasting state and the effects of motilin (MTL) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the MMC of the gastrointestinal tract of different origin in rats. Methods Three bipolar silver electrodes were chronically implanted on the antrum, duodenum and jejunum. Seven days later twenty-four experimental rats were divided into two groups. One group were injected with porcine MTL via sublingual vein, while the other group was perfused with UDCA into the stomach. The gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity was recorded one hour before and two hours after the test substances infusions on these conscious fasting rats. Results Among the total sixty-eight MMCs recorded in fasting rats under control, 67% started in the duodenum, and 33% started in the antrum. The MMC cycle duration and duration of phase Ⅲ of antral origin were longer than those of duodenal origin. Administration of porcine MTL could induce a premature antral phase Ⅲ of antral origin. However, perfusion into the stomach with UDCA resulted in a shorter MMC cycle duration and longer duration of phase Ⅲ of duodenal origin. Conclusion In fasting rats, MMC may originate from the antrum and duodenum, respectively. The different characteristics of MMC of different origin may contribute to the large variations within subjects. Pocrine MTL and UDCA can affect the MMC of different origin of the gastrointestinal tract in fasting state.

Background Cystoid macular edema(CME) is an important cause of visual impairment of central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO).Spectral-Domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) has increased speed and higher resolution,offering a better chance of understanding the morphological changes and pathogenesis of CME. Objective This study was to survey the morphologic features of macular edema associated with CRVO by SD-OCT. Methods Clinical data of the patients with CRVO diagnosed in Department of Ophthalmology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2008 to August 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.SD-OCT features of macular edema induced by CRVO were analyzed and recorded.Results The average macular foveal thickness was(527.5±218.2) μm in macular edemas eyes.Main morphological changes included 55 cases(84.6%) of CME,15 cases of(23.1%) serous macular detachment(SMD),and 10 cases(15.4%) of simple macular edema,and these findings occurred at the same time in some eyes.Cystoid spaces in the parafoveal region were seen in the inner nuclear layer,outer plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer,and discontinuous or weak inner segment/outer segment(IS/OS) line was often seen in CME.The incidence of CME associated with incomplete posterior vitreous detachment(PVD) was 14.5%,and that of neural epithelial edema associated with incomplete PVD was 10.0%,showing an insignificant difference between them(χ2=0.000,P=1.000).The average area of SMD was 1838.4μm ×1428.1μm×190.1μm,and the incidence of partial PVD was higher(χ2=4.266,P=0.039).Conclusion SD-OCT can reveal the micro-morphological change of macular zone in macular edema eye.SD-OCT enabled visualization of its spatial extent in each retinal layer and the condition of IS/OS layer.Serous macular edema is related with partial PVD.

Animals ; Calcium ; analysis ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Motilin ; pharmacology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BackgroundIdiopathic epiretinal membranes(ERMs) is a common eye disease condition that leads to progressive decline of visual acuity. Studying the risk factors relating to this disease will shed light on its pathogenesis and allow opthalmologists to screen the affected individuals among the high-risk population and prepare for prevention and management strategies. ObjectiveThis survey was to investigate the risk factors of idiopathic ERMs in the population undergoing routine health check-ups. MethodsThe clinical data of idiopathic ERMs was obtained from the population of routine health check-ups in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2009 to October 2010. The examination outcomes were compared between the individuals with and without idiopathic ERMs. The demographic and clinical factors associated with idiopathic ERMs were analyzed and assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Result A total of 27 400 people were included in the survey and idiopathic ERMs were diagnosed in 76 cases. No obvious eye complaint was obtained from the idiopathic ERMs. The number of people affected with idiopathic ERMs was 12 ( 12/11 659 ) in the below 40 years group, 21 (21/4595) in the 51-60 years group and 32 (32/2544) in the over 60 years group. Hypertension, diabetes, diedyslipidemia, renal function insufficiency ,and cataract were found in 42％ ,5％ ,66％ ,6％ and 8％ of the patients, respectively. The univariate logistic regression analyses revealed that significant correlations were found between age,hypertension,hyperlipidemia and history of cataract( P＜0. 01 ). Multivariate regression models showed that the risk of idiopathic ERMs increased in age of 51-60( OR=2. 5,95％ CI:1. 2-5.4,P=0.02) and over 60 years( OR =7.3,95％ CI:3.4-15.6 ,P＜0.01 ) and patients suffering from hyperlipidemia ( OR--2. 1,95％ CI:1. 3-3.5, P＜0. 01 ). ConclusionsOver the age of 50 years and hyperlipidemia are primary risk factors of idiopathic ERM.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Modified Dachengqi Decoction (MDD) as whole course therapy on mediators of inflammation in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) model rats, and to compare interventional advantages over intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) of SAP rats between whole course therapy of MDD and early stage therapy of MDD.

METHODSTotally 190 SD rats were divided into five groups according to random digit table, i.e., the sham-operation group, the model group, the octreotide (OT) group, the early stage MDD treatment group, the whole course MDD treatment group, 38 in each group. SAP models were established with retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreaticobiliary duct. Three hours after modeling normal saline (NS) was administered to rats in the sham-operation group and the model group by gastrogavage, once per 12 h.1.35 µg/100 g OT was subcutaneously injected to rats in the OT group, once every 8 h. 0.4 mL/100 g MDD was administered to rats in the early stage MDD treatment group, and 6 h later changed to NS (once per 12 h).0.4 mL/100 g MDD was administered to rats in the whole course MDD treatment group, once every 12 h. The accumulative survival rate and morphological manifestations of pancreas and small intestine were observed under microscope 48 h after modeling. Pathologic scores of the pancreas and small intestine were conducted at 4, 6, 24, and 48 h after modeling. Contents of serum amylase (AMY), alanine transaminase (ALT), and TNF-α were also detected. The expression of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in the small intestine tissue was also detected by Western blot. The positive rate of bacterial translocation in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) was observed within 48 h. Correlations between serum TNF-α or HMGB1 in small intestinal tissue and pathological scores of the pancreas or the small intestine were analyzed.

RESULTSThe accumulative survival rate was 100. 0% in the sham-operation group, 79. 2% in the whole course MDD treatment group, 70. 8% in the OT group, 45. 8% in the early stage MDD treatment group, and 37.5% in the model group. At 6 h after modeling, pathological scores decreased more in the whole course MDD treatment group, the early stage MDD treatment group, the OT group than in the model group (P < 0.05). At 24 and 48 h after modeling, pathological scores of the pancreas and the small intestine decreased more in the whole course MDD treatment group and the OT group than in the early stage MDD treatment group (P <0. 05). At 6, 24, and 48 h after modeling, serum contents of AMY and ALT both decreased more in the whole course MDD treatment group, the early stage MDD treatment group, the OT group than in the model group (P < 0.05). At 48 h after modeling serum contents of AMY and ALT both decreased more in the whole course MDD treatment group and the OT group than in the early stage MDD treatment group (P < 0.05). At 6 h after modeling serum TNF-α levels decreased more in the whole course MDD treatment group, the early stage MDD treatment group, the OT group than in the model group (P < 0.05). At 6, 24, and 48 h after modeling the level of HMGB1 in the small intestinal tissue decreased more in the whole course MDD treatment group, the early stage MDD treatment group, the OT group than in the model group (P < 0.05). Of them, HMGB1 levels at 24 and 48 h were lower in the whole course MDD treatment group and the OT group than in the early stage MDD treatment group (P < 0.05). The number of MLNs bacterial translocation at 48 h after modeling was lower in the whole course MDD treatment group and the OT group than in the early stage MDD treatment group and the model group (P < 0.05). Serum TNF-α contents within 6 h were positively correlated with pathological scores of pancreas (r = 0.579, P < 0.01). ROC curve showed that serum TNF-α contents could predict the severity of SAP (ROC = 0.990, 95% Cl: 0.971 to 1.000). HMGB1 in the small intestine was positively correlated with pathological scores of the small intestine (r = 0.620, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSEarly stage use of MDD could effectively reduce the release of TNF-α, while whole course use of MDD could effectively inhibit the expression of HMGB1. The latter could preferably attenuate injuries of the pancreas and the small intestine, lower MLNs bacterial translocation, and elevate the survival rate.

Animals ; Bacterial Translocation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; HMGB1 Protein ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; Octreotide ; Pancreas ; Pancreatitis ; drug therapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Taurocholic Acid ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Background Uveal effusion syndrome is uncommon in clinic.To understand the clinical characteristics of uveal effusion syndrome is helpful for rescuing visual acuity of patient.Objective This study was to discuss the diagnosis,classification and surgical outcome of uveal effusion syndrome.Methods This was a descriptive study.The clinical data of 14 eys from 10 patients with uveal effusion syndrome,ineluding ophthalmologic examination,B-scan sonography,ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM),fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA),indocyanine green angiography (ICGA),surgical treatment and prognosis,were retrospectively analyzed.The follow-up period was 6 months.Results The fundus findings of all impacted eyes showed bullous-shape retinal detachment (RD).B-scan sonography revealed retinal and choroidal detachment.A annular peripheral ciliochoroidal detachment was observed in the cases under the UBM.FFA exhibited leopard spots without any leakage from choroid into the subretinal space.ICGA demonstrated diffusely choroidal granular hyperfluorescence in the very early phase,which presented with an increasing intensity as time lapse until the late phase.Full-thickness sclerectomy was performed on 4 eyes of 2 patients and subscleral sclerectomy was performed in 1 eye of 1 patient,achieving a retinal anatomic reattachment after surgery.All of the patients finished the fellow-up.No recurrence of RD was seen during the followup duration.Conclusions Comprehensive preoperative evaluation,including ophthalmologic ultrasonography,MRI and CT,is crucial for accurate classification of uveal effusion syndrome and determine of proper management strategy.

Aim To establish the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic(PK-PD) modeling to characterize the antipyretic effects of coptisine, an active component in coptis chinensis on rats.Methods Nine healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, each with three.The rats in the first group were injected intravenously with lipopolysaccharide(LPS,100 μg·kg-1) alone.The second and third group rats were given coptisine high-dose(3.87 mg·kg-1) and coptisine low-dose(1.93 mg·kg-1) by tail vein injection at 30 min after LPS injection, respectively.Body temperature was measured at different time points, and blood samples from tail vein were collected simultaneously.The blood concentration of coptisine was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography.Monolix software was used to model PK-PD of coptisine mean plasma concentration and temperature effects,by population computation with non-covariates.Besides.the model with advantage was selected by the fitting goodness.Results Coptisine could inhibit body temperature of endotoxin-induced fever in rats significantly.Two-compartment linear elimination model was used to describe the final PK model.Gaussian function, an input function of body temperature changes, which was used to depict PD model, the PK and PD models were connected by the Emax model.At last, the final model was fitted better;the fitting results indicated that the EC50 of antipyretic effect of coptisine was 89.7 μg·L-1, and the Emax was 1.88℃.Conclusions Coptisine has a powerful anti-pyretic effect on endotoxin-induced pyrexia of rats with high potency, Low in vivo distribution and quick clearance.

AIM: To investigate the sensibility of pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP) on the diagnosis of glaucoma in different temporal frequency.METHODS: The P-VEP were recorded in 51 eyes of 30 primary glaucoma (PG) patients, 16 eyes of 13 ocular hypertension (OHT) patients and 46 eyes of 23 age-equivalent normal people using an array of different temporal frequency and then the patients were compared respectively with the normal group.RESULTS: The P100 wave amplitude in OHT group was significantly lowered at 8Hz, and was lowered at all temporal frequency in PG group, especially when the temporal frequency was higher.CONCLUSION: The P-VEP can be abnormal when the PG is still in its early stage, so it can be an index of early diagnosis and this is more obvious when the temporal frequency is higher, especially at 8Hz.

Objective To explore the application of ABCD3 score on stratifying the antithrombotic treatment strategy in patients with capsular warning syndrome (CWS).Methods The clinical features of 15 patients with CWS were analyzed retrospectively,and the risk of stroke were evaluated by ABCD3 score and to guide the treatment of Stratifying antithrombotic therapy.The status of patients hospitalized,discharged and discharged after 90 d were evaluated.Results The frequency of patients with CWS accounted for 2.51％ (15/ 597) of all patients with transient ischemic attack(TIA),and the mean age in patients with CWS was (70.27 ±8.29) years old.The duration of the first onset was (10-30) min,the mean time was (17.33±1.53) min,and ABCD2 score was 5.0-9.0 points,mean score was 7.00±0.26 points,and the total episodes of CWS were 51 times during 24 hours,the mean duration was (18.13 ± 15.36) minutes ((3.0-60.0) min).All 15 cases presented with limb hemiparesis.Of them,9 cases had dysarthria,5 case with ipsilateral facial palsy.All 15 cases CWS patients showed no signs of cortical deficit.The mean NIHSS score at onset was 1.0-6.0 points,mean scores was 3.20±0.31 points.Fourtheen patients were treated with clopidogrel plus aspirin,and 2 cases with administration of the loading dose 300 mg of clopidogrel,1 case was treated with clopidogrel plus aspirin orally followed by intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis.The average hospital periods of all 15 patients was (7.67±0.29) days.The NIHSS score were 0 point at discharge.There was no symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or death within 90 days follow-up periods.Conclusion CWS is prone to develop a completed stroke.Stratified antithrombotic therapy guiding by ABCD3 score may decrease the risk of ischemic stroke.