Objective To investigate the status of the disease of the fluorosis and arsenism caused by coal-burning in Ankang city of Shaanxi. Methods Nine survey spots were chosen to carry out the epidemiological investigation of adult skeletal fluorosis and arsenism in the coal-polluted areas of Ankang, respectively using Determination of Fluorine in Coal (GB/T 4633-1997) to determine the coal fluorine and using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry(HCAFS) to determine coal arsenic. The diagnose of the adult skeletal fluorosis followed the Diagnosis of Clinical Classification for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis Standard(GB 16396-1996), that of arsenism using Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Arsensim (WS/T 211-2001). Results Totally 569 adults were investigated over the age of 16, among which 121 cases were skeletal fluorosis, with a total detection rate of 21.27%. Four cases of II degree and higher skeletal fluorosis patients were identified, accounting for 0.70% of the number of subjects. One hundred and thirty-two cases of arsenic poisonin were detected, in a rate of 23.20%. Ninety-five patients were identified with moderate or severe arsenic poisoning, accounting for 16.69% of subjects. A positive correlation was found between the detection rates of the skeletal fluorosis and the arsenism(r = 0.816, P < 0.01), as well as between the detection rate of skeletal fluorosis and fluoride content of coal(r = 0.775, P < 0.05). The detection rate of arsenism and arsenic content of coal also had close relationship (r = 0.761, P < 0.05). The detection rate of skeletal fluorosis in the group aged 40 - ,50 - , and 60 - [27.20%(34/125) ,29.27%(36/123), 28.13%(36/128)] was increased, compared the group of less than 40 years age[7.77%( 15/193), X~2 = 21.969,25.648,23.856,P<0.01].For the detection rate of arsenism,male[33.67%(99/294)]was obviously higher than female[12.00%(33/275),)(X~2=37.162,P<0.01].Conclusions A high detection rate of fhorosis is correlated with arsenic poisoning,but the probability of the two diseases simultaneously occurred in a person is not high.In this polluted area.when fluoride accumulates to a certain level as in aduh,the detection rates no longer varies obviously;however,that of arsenism increases along with the age.

Objective To investigate the effect of hemorrhagic shock on intestinal epithelial tight junction and expression of protein Occludin.Methods Twenty-four SD rats were allocated to sham operation group,hemorrhagic shock 0.5-hour,2-hour,and 4-hour groups according to random number table,with 6 rats per group.A model of hemorrhagic shock in the rat was induced by the improved Wiggers method.Blood samples were drawn from abdominal aorta.Activity of plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) was determined by active colonmetric method; content of plasma D-lactic acid (D-LA) by spectrophotometer method; plasma endotoxin levels by turbidimetry; bacterial translocation by bacterial culture of mesenteric lymph nodes and liver tissues; pathological changes of intestinal mucosa by light microscope; ultrastructure of intestinal epithelial cells by electron microscopy; Occludin mRNA expression in small intestinal mucosa by RT-PCR; Occludin expression by Western blot and imnmnohistochemical method.Results Levels of DAO [(72.68-± 10.24) mg/ml],D-LA [(9.28 ± 0.53) μg/ml] and endotoxin [(41.25 ±3.68) pg/L] in hemorrhagic shock 0.5-hour group increased markedly as compared with those in sham operation group (P ＜0.05).Bacteria were cultivated from the liver tissues and mesenteric lymph nodes in hemorrhagic shock 2-hour group and much more colonies of bacteria were observed in hemorrhagic shock 4-hour group (P ＜ 0.01).Morphology and ultrastructure of the small intestinal epithelium manifested immediate damage in hemorrhagic shock 0.5-hour group and much worse detriment was obsevved with a prolonged bleeding time.Occludin mRNA expression in small intestinal mucosa decreased in hemorrhagic shock 0.5-hour group,followed by a further reduction in hemorrhagic shock 2-hour group (P ＜0.05).Localized expression of Occludin in hemorrhagic shock O.5-hour group was weakly positive.Occludin content in hemorrhagic shock 2-hour group showed significant reduction when compared with that in hemorrhagic shock O.5-hour group (P ＜ 0.01) and its localized express was negative as well.Conclusion Occludin expression in intestinal epithelial cells decreases obviously with a prolonged bleeding time,which is presumed to be an important basis for disruption of cellular tight junction.

Objective To characterize the changes in the dimensions during systolic and diastolic periods in the aorta with ECG-gated multi-detector CTA scans.Methods The CT angiograms of 115 patients (78 males,mean age 55.2 ± 9.4 years;37 females,mean age 60.1 ± 8.5 years) both in systolic and diastolic periods were obtained on a 64-slice ECG-gated multi-detector CT scanner.The diameters were measured at four anatomic levels of the aorta.(Level A:1 mm proximal to the innominate artery;Level B:1 mm distal to the left common carotid artery;Level C:1 mm distal to the left subclavian artery;Level D:10cm distal to the left subclavian artery).On each level,the maximal and the minimal diameters were measured both in systolic and diastolic periods.Results The paired sample t test results showed a significant difference between the systolic and diastolic diameters in all individual subjects on every level (P ＜0.001).The mean maximum diameter changes were 1.95％ (range-2.0％ to 7.0％),2.12％ (range-3.0％ to 6.0％),1.88％(range-1.0％ to 8.0％)and2.47％(range-3.0％ to 10.0％)at level A,B,C and D,respectively.The mean minimum diameter changes were 1.43％ (range-3.0％ to 5.0％),2.67％ (range-2.0％ to 11.0％),1.75％ (range-14.0％ to 9.0％)and 2.99％ (range -2.0％ to 11.0％) at level A,B,C and D,respectively.Conclusions The differences of the aortic diameters between systolic and diastolic periods are significant.The pulsatility of aorta in Chinese population may be different from published Western literature.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation of coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis in the infected area,the usage of defluoridation stove and the formation of related behavior; to evaluate the control effect,so as to provide a theoretical basis for superiors' policy-making.MethodsNine villages in three counties of Ankang city and Hanzhong city Shanxi province were monitored in 2010.Choose five disease infected villages with oven changed in the three monitoring counties,and 10 families were randomly selected in each of the nine monitoring points and every chosen village,and a survey on the stove using and related behavior changes was carried out.By using Dean method,the dental fluorosis of every child aged 8 - 12 in the monitoring villages was examined.Meanwhile 10 copies of urine samples were randomly collected in each age group in the above-mentioned villages.The content of fluoride in urine was determined by F-ion selective electrode(WS/T 30-1996) and evaluated according to “The Normal Concentration of Urinary Fluoride of Population” (WS/T 256-2005).Twenty men over 25years old in the monitoring counties were randomly selected in each age group to be examined skeletal fluorosis by X-rays,and diagnosis was based on “The Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis Standard”(WS 192-2007).ResultsThe proper utilization rate and the qualified households of iron stoves and improved stoves,the correct drying rate and the correct storage rate of peppers and coms were all low.The washing rate of corns and peppers before eating was higher than 95％.Of the 350 children being examined of dental fluorosis in the 9 monitoring villages,the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 59.71％ (209/350).A total of 871 adults over the age of 25 were examined,and the detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 17.22％ (150/871).A total of 350 copies of children urine samples were tested and the fluoride content were between 0.07 - 2.02 mg/L,the geometric mean value of fluoride content was 0.66 mg/L.ConclusionsThe coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis in Shanxi is in a growth phase,many defluoridation stoves are out of order,and the formation of healthy behaviors is low.To strengthen the disease surveillance,health education and management of defluoridation stoves are keys to prevent coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis in the future.

Objective To investigate the running conditions of the water improvement projects and the role of these projects in reducing fluoride in drinking-water type of fluorosis in Shaanxi province, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease. Methods Forty-eight villages of 16 counties in Xi'an, Baoji, and Yulin cities of Shaanxi province were monitored in 2009. Five water samples were collected randomly in water unimproved monitoring villages by the position of east, west, south, north, and center parts. In water improved monitoring villages, 3 tap water and one source water samples were collected. Water fluoride was tested using fluoride ion selective electrode method according to the "Standard Testing Methods for Drinking Water" (GB/T 5750-2006). All school children aged 8 to 12 in monitored villages were examined their dental fluorosis using Dean criteria. All people over 16 years old were examined clinical skeletal fluorosis, and 30% of the project counties were randomly selected, then randomly selected one village among these counties, clinically diagnosed patients with skeletal fluorosis were examined again by X-ray using "Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis"(WS 192-2007). Urine samples of 30 children aged 8 to 12 and of 20 adults over the age of 16 were randomly collected, urinary fluoride was tested according to "the Determination of Urinary Fluoride by Ion Selective Electrode Method" (WS/T 89-19%). Results Of the 22 water improvement projects that in normal operation, fluoride level of 8 source waters exceeded the standard, accounting for 36.36%(8/22), and projects scrapped 5. Two hundred and two water samples were tested. In water improved historical diseased areas, the median of water fluoride of source water and tap water were 0.72,0.62 mg/L, respectively, and the average rate of water fluoride exceeded the standard ere 36.36%(8/22) and 31.94%(23/72), respectively. In water unimproved historical diseased areas, the median of water fluoride was 1.00 mg/L, and the average rate of water fluoride exceeded the standard was 39.81%(43/108). Detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 was 16.06% (367/2285), dental fluorosis index was 0.30, and the prevalence was negative. Detection rate of clinical skeletal fluorosis among adults over 16 years old was 5.09%(1542/30 272), a totally of 198 people had X-ray film taken, positive 68, the positive detection rate was 34.34%(68/198). One thousand and fifty-one copies of children's urine samples were tested, geometric mean of urinary fluoride was 0.95 mg/L; nine hundred and fourteen copies of adults urine samples were tested, geometric mean of urinary fluoride was 1.16 mg/L Conclusions Drinking-water type of fluorosis affects a large area in Shaanxi province, the disease is still serious, and the task of prevention remains very arduous. Further intensify the water improvement project in diseased areas, and strengthen disease monitoring, health education and water improvement project management is the key to prevention and control of endemic fluorosis.

AIM: To investigate the expression of NKG2A,NKG2D and their ligands in pregnancy uterine micro-environment and to probe the function of NKG2A and NKG2D imbalance expression during the immunotolerance at the fetal-maternal boundary.METHODS: Decidual lymphocytes and peripheral lymphocytes were obtained from 30 women during 6-9 weeks of pregnancy who were undergoing selective termination.FACS technology was used to detect NK cells number and NKG2A,NKG2D expression.RT-PCR was used to investigate HLA-E and MICA mRNA in trophoblast tissue.RESULTS: Natural killer cells predominate,accounting for 70% of pregnancy endometrial lymphocytes.FACS results indicated that NKG2A was significantly increased in decidual NK cells as compared with that in peripheral NK cells,accounting for 97.86%?1.75% and 33.35%?10.92%.The difference between them in NKG2A expression was significant(P

Objective To investigate the etfect of microenvironment simulated by colon carcinoma homogenate supernatant on the differentiation and development of human dendritic ceils (DCs), and to investigate the function of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) during this process . Methods Fresh colon carcinoma and peri-cancer tissues were collected to prepare homogenate supernatant. The pe-ripberal blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured with 1640 medium including rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4. Then the colon carcinoma homogenate supernatant, peri--carcinoma homogenate supernatant and VEGF-A were added to the cultures at day 2. Antigen of colon carcinoma cell line SW620 was added at day 4 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added at day 6. DCs were collected at day 8 for further study. The con-tent of VEGF-A was tested by ELISA. The morphology and the immunopbenotype of DCs were checked by microscope and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of CDIa was tested by RT-PCR, and the prolif-eration and killing rate of T cell was measured by CCK-8. Results The content of VEGF-A in the homoge-nate supernatant of colon carcinoma was significantly higher than that of the peri-carcinoma (P ＜ 0. 05). Compared with normal DCs, the cell morphology of colon carcinoma homogenate aupernatant group was in-hibited, and the cell number was decreased. Besides, the positive expression rate of DC surface markers de-creased (P ＜ 0.01). The capacity of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and killing capacity of T cells de-creased(P ＜0.01). However, there was almost no difference between VEGF-A group and normal DCs on the cell morphology and cell number, and VEGF-A had no obvious inhibition on the expression of DCs sur-face markers (P ＞ 0.05). But VEGF-A group had significantly inhibitory effect on the MLR and T cells kill-ing. Conclusion The tumor microenvironment simulated by the colon carcinoma homogenate supernatant obviously has inhibitory effect on the differentiation and function of DCs, and VEGF-A has the inhibitory effect on DC function, but the inhibitory effect is not through the inhibition of the expression of DC costimu-lators.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Azetidines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Nicotinic Agonists ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Pyridines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective To observe the effects of Dahuangfuzi decoction on the intestine barrier functional of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. Methods The 60 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group ( n = 19 ), ANP group ( n = 21 ), and Dahuangfuzi treatment group ( n = 20). The rats of ANP group were induced by injecting 1 ml/kg of 4% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatiobiliary duct, and jejunal fistula was esablished. The rats of treatment group received Dahuangfuzi decoction (2 ml, repeated at 4 and 8 h)through jejunum distal stoma tube 0. 5 h after ANP induction. The other 2 groups received same amount of normal saline. Blood sample was collected through abdominal aorta, 24 h after ANP induction, and the serum amylase, endotoxin, D-lactate, plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) were detected. Pancreas, small intestine tissue was harvested for pathologic examination, index of intestinal epithelial damage was measured and ultrastructural changes in small intestinal mucosa was observed. Results The expression of serum amylase, endotoxin,D-lactate, DAO in sham operation group was ( 152 ± 32 ) U/L, (6.95 ± 2.10) pg/L, ( 3.96 ± 1.08 ) μg/mland ( 14.26 ± 2.67 ) μg/ml, while the corresponding values were ( 1549 ± 93 ) U/L, (40.48 ± 3.41 ) pg/L,( 12.34 ± 1.23 ) μg/ml and ( 80.28 ± 3.54) μg/ml in ANP group, and they were (655 ± 49 ) U/L, ( 19.55 ±2.50) pg/L, (6.75 ± 1.36 ) μg/mland ( 20.69 ± 7.53 ) μg/ml in treatment group. The values in ANP group were significantly higher than those in sham operation group. The values in treatment group were significantly lower than those in ANP group, but significantly higher than those in sham operation group ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0. 01 ). The thickness and height of intestinal mucosa in ANP group were ( 389.44 ± 29.87 )μm and ( 16.52 ±3.73) μm, which were significantly lower than those in treatment group [(501.95 ± 45.38 )μm, (27.82 ±5.17)] μm, and in sham operation group [( 658.72 ± 57.49 ) μm, ( 35.49 ± 6.43 )μm, Index of intestional epitholial donage in ANP group was 3.72 ± 0.65 which is significently higher than those in theatment (2.12 ±0.37 ) and in sham operation group (0.85 ± 0.24). The intestinal mucosa histological and ultrastructural changes in Dahuangfuzi treatment group were better than those in ANP group. Conclusions Dahuangfuzidecoction can significantly decrease the damage of intestine barrier function in ANP rats.

One hundred eighty-four cases of awake craniotomy in Xijing Hospital from September 2010 to June 2019 were retrospectively included in the study.Patients were divided into Asleep-Awake-Asleep (AAA) group and monitored anesthesia care (MAC) group.In AAA group, general anesthesia was used in the early arousal period, sedatives and analgesics were stopped during the arousal period, and the bispectral index (BIS) value was maintained at 60-80 in the late arousal period.In MAC group, dexmedetomidine and remifentanil were intravenously infused in the early arousal period, and the BIS value was maintained at 60-80 in the late arousal pericd.Dexmedetomidine and remifentanil infused were reduced or stopped according to the Observer′s Assessment of Altertness/Sedation score during the arousal period, so that the patient could be awakened at any time, and the BIS value was maintained at 60-80 in the late arousal period.Compared with AAA group, the consumption of local anesthetic and remifentanil was significantly decreased, the operation and anesthesia time was shortened, the requirement for rescue analgesia was decreased, mean arterial pressure, end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (P ETCO 2) and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) were increased and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2) was decreased after laryngeal mask insertion or sedation, and heart rate and PaO 2 were decreased, P ETCO 2 and PaCO 2 were increased after awakening in group MAC ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in anesthesia failure rate in the awake craniotomy, incidence of adverse events during the arousal period, intraoperative incidence of tachycardia/bradycardia and hypertension/hypotension, Observer′s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score during the arousal period, rate of postoperative visual analogue scale score>5 after surgery, postoperative requirement for rescue analgesia, neurological deficit rate and rehabilitation discharge rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with those after laryngeal mask insertion or after sedation, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, P ETCO 2 and PaCO 2 were significantly increased, and PaO 2 was decreased after awakening in AAA group ( P<0.05), and no statistically significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above after awakening in MAC group ( P>0.05). In summary, MAC shortens the operation and anesthesia time, no artificial airway is required, and it is suitable for the short time and minor operation.AAA has a better hemodynamics and oxygenation in the early arousal period, but the patient′s stress is more obvious after awakening, and effective prevention and intervention are needed.