The clinical features and lung CT findings of 174 heart failure patients,including 85 cases with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and 89 cases with reduced LVEF were reviewed.Patients with normal LVEF had a higher proportion of hypertension,diabetes and obesity than patients with normal LVEF; and cough and dyspnea were more common.The lung CT findings in patients with normal LVEF were frequently presented as interstitial lung edema,increased pulmonary texture,subpleural line,Kerley lines and diffuse ground-glass opacity.Patients with reduced LVEF had a higher proportion of coronary heart disease and clinical manifestations of acute left heart failure,and central alveolar edema presented in lung CT images.Results suggest that heart failure patients with normal LVEF usually have longer clinical history and occult symptoms,and have a different lung CT imaging features from those in heart failure patients with reduced LVEF.

16 and the distribution of severe trauma more than 2 anatomic parts.They were randomly divided into two groups:intensive insulin treatment group(n=31)and control group(n=31).Intensive insulin treatment group received insulin with insulin pump in order to maintain blood glucose levels at 4.0-6.1 mol/L,while the control group received routine insulin treatment in order to mmaintain blood glucose levels at 10.0- 11.0 mol/L.Plasma levels of TNF-?,IL-1,IL-6, CRP,APACHEⅡscores and cure rate were analyzed before and after the treatment.Data was expressed as mean?standard deviation.Two- tailed T test and ANOVA were used for comparison in SPSS 10.0,and changes were considered as statistically significant if P value was less than 0.05.Results After the intensive insulin treatment, patient's hemodynamic parameter apparently improved,APACHEⅡscores descended,and the levels of TNF-?, Ib-1,IL-6,CRP all declined,in comparison with control group,there were significant differences. Intensive insulin treatment might improve patient's general condition and decrease complications and mortality of severe multiple trauma.

Sequences of circular RNAs (circRNAs) produced from back-splicing of exon(s) com-pletely overlap with those from cognate linear RNAs transcribed from the same gene loci with the exception of their back-splicing junction (BSJ) sites. Therefore, examination of global circRNA expression from RNA-seq datasets generally relies on the detection of RNA-seq fragments span-ning BSJ sites, which is different from the quantification of linear RNA expression by normalized RNA-seq fragments mapped to whole gene bodies. Thus, direct comparison of circular and linear RNA expression from the same gene loci in a genome-wide manner has remained challenging. Here, we update the previously-reported CIRCexplorer pipeline to version 3 for circular and linear RNA expression analysis from ribosomal-RNA depleted RNA-seq (CIRCexplorer3-CLEAR). A newquantitation parameter, fragments per billion mapped bases (FPB), is applied to evaluate circular and linear RNA expression individually by fragments mapped to circRNA-specific BSJ sites or to linear RNA-specific splicing junction (SJ) sites. Comparison of circular and linear RNA expression levels is directly achieved by dividing FPBcirc by FPBlinear to generate a CIRCscore, which indicates the relative circRNA expression level using linear RNA expression level as the background. Highly-expressed circRNAs with low cognate linear RNA expression background can be readily identified by CIRCexplorer3-CLEAR for further investigation. CIRCexplorer3-CLEAR is publically avail-able at https://github.com/YangLab/CLEAR.

Objective To establish an analytical method combining gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS)to detect diazepam residue in bait nest materials and fish samples,and improve the pretreatment steps of samples to make the experimental results accurate and the sample processing convenient and fast.Methods Taking diazepam as the research object,samples were extracted with methanol and dichloromethane/n-hexane as solvents according to the type,and the supernatant was taken for detection after centrifugation.Results The diazepam standard sample showed a good linear relationship in the range of 10～10 000 ng/mL.The retention times in methanol and mixed solvent were 13.54 min and 13.83 min,respectively,and the correlation coefficients were 0.998 and 0.999,respectively;The limit of detection(LOD)of using methanol as extraction solvent was 2 ppb,and limit of quantification(LOQ)was 6 ppb.The LOD of using mixed solvents was 5 ppb,and the LOQ was 15 ppb.When the sample is a bait nest material,the GC-MS spectrum was clear and standard,and the peak shape was sharp and prominent;When the sample is biological specimen,the GC-MS spectra are disturbed by matrix,while the LC-MS data is more accurate and faster.Conclusion It is more appropriate to use GC-MS to determine the content of bait nest materialsamples,and it is more accurate to LC-MS to determine the content of fish samples due to the complexity of the organism.

OBJECTIVETo observe the change of cytokine interleukin IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) occurred in acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning rats and to investigate the mechanism of acute lung injury caused by paraquat (PQ) poisoning.

METHODSAll 72 healthy adult Wistar rats were random assigned into normal control groups, paraquat high dose group (120 mg/kg), paraquat middle dose (60 mg/kg) group, paraquat low dose group (30 mg/kg). Three observing periods of time included 8, 24, 72 h and the standards of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10 were determined.

RESULTSEvery index of the PQ group was significantly higher than that in the NS group at the same period of time (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In the 72 h group, the high dose group was significantly higher than the middle and low dose group (P<0.05), and there was no significantly difference between the middle and low dose group (P>0.05). For the comparison of index in the same dose group, the group of 72 h was much higher than 8 h group and 24 h group (P<0.05), and there was no difference between the 8h group and 24 h group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe cytokine may play an important role in paraquat-induced acute lung tissue injury.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Cytokines ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-1beta ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Shigella isolated from children with diarrhea for the guidance of clinical treatment and prevention and control of bacillary dysentery.

METHODA total of 156 strains of Shigella were isolated from feces of children with diarrhea in Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital from January 2008 to December 2010. The antimicrobial resistance of the strains was detected by disk diffusion method and the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in these isolates were determined using phenotypic confirmatory test; the isolates of ESBLs producing Shigella sonnei were analyzed by REP-PCR.

RESULTAmong 156 strains of Shigella isolated, the most common groups were Shigella sonnei (130 strains, accounting for 83.3%) and Shigella fleaneri (26 strains, accounting for 16.7%), and 81 (51.9%) strains were identified as ESBLs producers, and the positive rates in 2008, 2009 and 2010 were 32.0%, 41.4% and 59.8%, respectively. The results of antibiotic susceptibility test displayed that the resistance rates of ESBLs producing Shigella to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, cefotaxime, piperacillin were higher than 90%. However, the resistance rates to cefepime, ceftazidime, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were low; The resistance of ESBLs producing strains to piperacillin (100% vs. 77.3%), cefotaxime (100% vs. 0), ceftazidime (14.8% vs. 0), cefepime (28.4% vs. 0), cotrimoxazole (95.1% vs. 86.7%) was significantly higher than that of non-ESBLs producing strains (χ(2) = 20.605, 156.000, 12.037, 24.979, 45.040, respectively; P < 0.05). No isolate was resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem. There were 7 genotypes among 74 ESBLs producing Shigella sonnei, respectively type A (50), type B (12), type C (8), type D (1), type E (1), type F (1), and type G (1).

CONCLUSIONThe isolation rate of ESBLs-producing isolate was high in Shigella from pediatric patients with diarrhea, and the number is going up year by year, and these ESBLs producing Shigella sonnei strains in genotype A are dominant in recent years, Piperacillin/tazobactam is the drug of choice for children with ESBLs producing Shigella infection.

Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Feces ; microbiology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Penicillanic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Piperacillin ; pharmacology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Shigella ; classification ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; beta-Lactamases ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo understand the demography changes and behaviors in drug users.

METHODSelf-reported questionnaires was used and longitudinal investigation was conducted in one of the detoxication centers in Beijing in 1998 and 2000. Drug users were randomly chosen.

RESULTSResults showed that age of drug users tend to become younger with the numbers of drug users aged below 25, increased from 18.7% in 1998 to 28.2% in 2000. Majority of drug users remained males, but the proportion of females seemed to increase. Distribution of occupation showed that the largest increase fell among individual enterprisers, from 15.2% in 1998 to 25.9% in 2000. With educational back-ground, the proportion of lower than elementary education level, including illiterate, increased. Fifty percent of drug users were unmarried which increased from 40.8% in 1998 to 53.2% in 2000. Needle sharing was quite common, 16.5% in 1998 and 11.9% in 2000, but the decrease was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Fifty-seven point three percent of the injecting drug users did not have constant partners to share equipments. Proportion of extra-marriage sexual practice increased from 12.5% in 1998 to 27.5% in 2000, and significant difference (Chi-square = 12.50, P < 0.001). Multiple partners in extra-married drug users was also found (mean = 2). Compared to 1998, condom use during every sexual practice increased in 2000, but 47.7% drug users still never used condom.

CONCLUSIONIn summary, as the quick increase of drug users, sharing of injecting equipment and high-risk sexual behavior, including multiple partners and unprotected sex, were quite common, with the possibility of HIV epidemic in drug users.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Needle Sharing ; adverse effects ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Safe Sex ; statistics & numerical data ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of astraga-lus combined with 1,6 -diphosphate in the treatment of pediatric viral myocarditis( PVM) and its effect on cellular immune function of pediatric patients.Methods Eighty-one children with PVM were randomly di-vided into control group ( n=44 ) and experiment group ( n=37 ).Oral mulvital and 200 mg· kg -1 · d-1 of intravenous 1,6-diphosphate were given to children in the control group as the basic treatment.And chil-dren were given 100 mg · kg -1 of astragalus plus 10% glucose 100 mL intravenous as well as the basic treatment of control group.After 3 -week treatment , the total efficacy , side effect and cellular immune func-tion of children were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results The total efficacy of experiment group ( 97.3%) was much higher than that of control group (81.8%)(P<0.05).The cellular im-mune function ( CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +and NK cell percentage ) was sig-nificantly improved in children compared with prior -treatment condition ( P<0.05 ) , and a much higher improvement was detected in the experi-ment group ( P<0.05 );the myocardial enzymes ( creatine kinase , crea-tine kinase isoenzyme , and lactate dehydrogenase ) were decreased after treatment, and the experiment group showed a much higher improvement. ( P<0.05 ).Only one patient had rash in the experiment group during the treatment.Conclusion Astragalus com-bined with 1,6-diphosphate has significant clinical efficacy and few side effects in children with viral myocarditis .The cellular immune function of patients can be improved by the combination regimen.

Objective Hydrocephalus is one of the most common complications of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). In this study, the effect of serial lumbar puncture (LP) on severe neonatal IVH is evaluated. Methods The effects of serial LP on 30 neonates hospitalized with severe IVH at Xinhua hospital since 1993 was evaluated. Another 30 neonates with severe IVH who had not been treated for preventing post-IVH hydrocephalus were used as the control group. Results Of the 30 cases which received serial LP therapy, the cerebral ventricles of 25 cases stopped enlarging and shrank distinctly. The effective rate was 83.3%. The average age when serial LP therapy initiated was (15.0±13.5) days, the average treatment course was (16.9±12.9) days. The serial LP therapy was repeated (6.4±4.7) times. The avarage interval of LP was (2.9±2.7) days and the average CSF volume removed was (6.7±1.6) ml. The average time of LP taking effect was (9.6±5.5) days. Ten cases received diamox treatment during the course of serial LP. After 1-2 weeks' combined treatment, the enlarged ventricles of 8 cases returned to normal or remained steady. Eighteen of 25 ases were followed-up for (8.3±1.9) months. Their physical and mental development were normal. Cranialcerebral ultrasound examination found that the shapes of cerebral ventricles of 14 cases were normal and the cerebral ventricles of another 4 cases enlarged slightly. The treatment with removed CSF >5 ml/time or with a shorter interval of LP (<2 d) acheived better effect (P<0.05 or 0.01). In the control group, the cerebral ventricles of 23 cases enlarged moderately or severely (6 of them complicated with hydrocephalus). Conclusions Serial LP is a safe and effective method for severe neonatal IVH in preventing post-IVH hydrocephalus.

Objective To explore protection mechanism of Hedysari polysaccharide (HPS) on myocardial fibrosis of db/db mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy.Methods Sixty db/db mice (7-week-old) were randomly divided into five groups:high-dose experimental group,middle-dose experimental group,low-dose experimental group (HPS:200,100,50 mg · kg-1),control group(rosiglitazone:4 mg · kg-1) and model group(0.9％ NaCl,gavege);while 12 db/m mice (7-week-old) were normal group.Each group had 12 mice.Blood glucose was detected at the baseline before intervention and at end of 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after intervention separately.The activity of blood lipid,superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by biochemical method after 8 weeks.The degree of myocardial fibrosis was observed by masson staining.The qPCR method and Western blotting method were used to detect the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ),nuclear transcription factor 2 kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA in myocardial tissue.Results The activities of SOD(mg · mL-1)in model group,high-dose experimental group,middle-dose experimental group,control group were 140.70 ± 1.04,145.81 ± 0.99,142.21 ± 1.09,145.70 ± 1.10,respectively with statistical difference compared with the model (P ＜ 0.05).The activities of GSH-PX(U ·mg-1) in above four groups were 110.91 ±0.82,114.94-0.78,112.10 ±0.86,114.84 ±0.86 with statistical difference compared with the model(all P ＜0.01).The contents of MDA(nmol · mg-1) were 7.20 ±0.49,5.82 ±0.52,6.62 ±0.67,5.80 ±0.52 in the four groups which significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).The expression of PPARγ mRNA were 0.34 ± 0.11,0.68 ± 0.05,0.48 ±0.03,0.49 ±0.03,0.93 ± 0.05 and protein above were 0.75 ±0.12,1.78 ±0.08,1.44 ±0.07,1.07 ±0.05,1.63 ±0.02 in above five groups with statistical difference compared with the model(all P ＜0.05).NF-kappa B mRNA were 3.35 ±0.81,1.67 ±0.22,2.34 ±0.39,2.05 ±0.44 and protein were 1.17 ±0.04,0.56 ±0.12,0.86 ±0.13,0.55± 0.12 in the four groups with statistical difference compared with the model (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion HPS can reduce the development of myocardial fibrosis by increasing the expression of PPARγ and inhibiting the activity of NF-κB,controlling oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction through the PPARγ-NF-κB signaling pathway.