Prostate cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the urinary system and mostly found in elderly men. Like most tumors, prostate cancer involves a variety of molecules in its occurrence and progression. More studies on the development of prostate cancer focus on the tumor markers, DNA damage repair related genes, and tumor invasion and metastasis related factors. This article presents an overview on the research progress in these three aspects.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; Biomedical Research ; DNA Repair ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

Objective To analyze the potential risk factors of sudden death at home in senile people. Methods 38 cases of cardiac arrest in a community occurring at home from 1993 to 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. The data concerning their condition of health before death, the diagnosis of the diseases confirmed, the predisposing causes of cardiac arrest, and the season and time of death were collected and analyzed. Results It was found that hypertension, CHD and diabetes were the predominant diseases in senile patients died of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Most of the deaths occurred in April, 73.7% of the deaths occurred during 6:00-18:00, and 81.6% cases occurred in their homes. Conclusion In senile patients, the cardiovascular diseases may be the main risk factors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The patients with myocardial infarction, arrhythmia and heart failure constitute the high risk group of cardiac arrest. Usually death occurs without a portent.

Objective To observe the changes of systolic time interval after neonatal asphyxia and explore its relationship with clinical manifestation and prognosis. Methods Tow-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography were employed to detect tow - dimension parameters and left and right ventricular STI in 27 mild and 18 severe asphyxiated neonates as well as 14 normal controls and its relationship with clinical manifestation and prognosis was analyzed. Results There was no difference in cavity and thickness of heart and great arteries between normal and asphyxiated neonates. In acute stage mild and severe asphyxiated neonates had a shorter right ventricular ejection time (RVET) than normal neonates and a longer right ventricular prejection period (RPEP) was found in severe neonates than that in normal and mild asphyxiated neonates. Left ventricular preejection time (LPEP) was prolonged in comparison with normal neonates in acute stage and convalescence. There were more cases with increased RPEP/RVET in severe asphyxiaed group than those in mild and normal group in acute stage. The incidence of heart failure in acute stage and disability in late period was higher in cases with increased RPEP/RVET than that with normal RPEP/RVET. Conclusion Asphyxia has more severe damage to right ventricle than that to left ventricle. Cases with increased RPEP/RVET are prone to suffering from heart failure in acute stage and more likely to undergo disability in late period.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of argon plasma coagulation(APC) in treating patients with Barrett's esophagus.Methods Two reviewers independently searched the Cochrane Library(Issue 2,2008),MEDLINE(January 1948 to November 2008),and CNKI(January 1999 to November 2008),respectively.The quality of the included studies was assessed according to the guidance in the Cochrane Handbook of systematic reviews of interventions.Results Six randomized controlled trials involving 253 patients with Barrett's esophagus met the inclusion criteria and were included.One trial reported that the ablation rate of patients in the APC group was significantly higher than that in the endoscopic surveillance group.Followed up one year,the ablation rate in APC group was 63% compared with 15% in the control group(P

0.05 ). On the contrary, the COX-2 score in nabumetone group was obviously lower than that in the operation group (P 0.05 ). Conclusion Nabumetone has obvious therapeutic effects on bile-reflux gastritis caused by duodenogastric reflux. Nabumetone can significantly decrease the level of COX-2 in the gastric mucus membrane.

Objective To study the effects of mild hypothermia on nervous cell apoptosis and activity of Caspase - 3 after hypoxia -ischemia brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal rats. Methods Seven - day SD rats were divided into sham operation group,normothermia HIBD group (HIBD group) and mild hypothermia HIBD group(mild hypothermia group). In HIBD group,the left carotid of rats was ligated and animals were exposed to 8% oxygen for 2 h.and in mild hypothermia group,hypothermia of 31 - 32 1C lasting 8 hours was used just after HIBD. L sing methods of TUNEL and AC - DEVI) - AMC, the apoptotic cell rate and Caspase - 3 activity level were determined in sham operated group, HIBD group and mild hypothermia group separatively. Results The apoptotic cell rate and Caspase - 3 activity level were significantly lower in sham - operated group and mild hypothermia group than those in HIBD group. Conclusion One of the mechanisms of brain protection by mild hypothermia may be contributed to the decrease of neural cell apoptosis and the activity level of Caspase 3 HIBD.

Objective To design a hemostatic clip and evaluate its efficacy and success rate of closure of stomach wall defect after full thickness resection (FTR).Methods A full thickness circular or linear resection (3 to 5 cm) was made on each model's antrum with needle knife and insulated-tip knife.The specimens were divided into 2 groups, using either an interrupted or continuous suturing method.Then the closure condition, suturing time, number of clips required and success rate of closure were compared.Results All 12 defects were successfully closed.The average closing time of interrupted and continuous suturing group were 13.33 ± 1.09 and 10.17 ±2.11 minutes, and the mean number of clips used were 4.67 ± 0.82 and 2.67 ± 0.82.The success rate was 100％.Conclusion This newly designed clip is a fast, reliable and convenient tool for stomach wall defect closure after FTR.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Shock, Septic ; etiology ; microbiology ; Streptococcal Infections ; complications ; pathology

Abnormalities, Multiple ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Alopecia ; pathology ; Bone Diseases, Developmental ; pathology ; Diarrhea ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity ; pathology ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of low-dose once-daily tadalafil combined with Shuganyiyang Capsules in the treatment of mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction (ED).

METHODSNinety patients with mild-to-moderate ED were equally randomized to groups A, B and C to receive Shuganyiyang Capsules, tadalafil, and tadalafil + Shuganyiyang Capsules, respectively. The scores of the patients on IIEF-5 and SF-PAIRS (15-Item Short Form of Psychological Interpersonal Relationship Scales) were recorded before and at 1 and 3 months after treatment.

RESULTSThe IIEF-5 scores of groups A, B and C were 10.13 +/- 1.55, 11.00 + 1.60 and 10.73 +/- 1.91 before treatment, and 13.77 +/- 2.11, 17.77 +/- 2.13 and 17.17 +/- 3.84 at 1 month after treatment, significantly higher in B and C than in A (P <0. 001) , but with no remarkable difference between B and C (P =0. 411). At 3 months after treatment, the IIEF-5 scores were 15.77 +/- 2.05, 18.07 +/- 2.24 and 19.37 +/- 3.76 in the three groups, dramatically higher in B and C than in A (P <0.001) as well as in C than in B (P<0.05). The scores on sexual self-confidence, sexual spontaneity and time concerns in SF-PAIRS were 3.90 +/-0.80, 8.67 +/- 1.94 and 14.43 +/- 1.92 before medication, 5.83 +/- 1.02, 9.90 +/- 1.75 and 11.17 +/- 1.68 at 1 month and 6.73 +/- 0.98, 11.07 +/- 2.08 and 10.67 +/-1.60 at 3 months after medication in group A; 4.17 +/- 0.87, 9.37 +/-1.43 and 14.47 +/-1.57 before medication, 6.47 +/-0.78, 10.83 +/- 2.18 and 10.20 +/-1.56 at 1 month and 6.83 +/-0.91, 11.30 +/- 1.88 and 9.47 +/- 1.57 at 3 months in group B; and 4.23 +/-0. 94, 9.50 +/- 1.89 and 14.67 +/- 2.91 before medication, 8.03 +/- 1.67, 13.43 +/-1.10 and 9.70 +/-1.21 at 1 month and 8.93 +/- 1.78, 14.70 +/- 1.26 and 8. 87 +/- 0. 97 at 3 months in group C. Compared with the baseline, the SF-PAIRS scores of the three groups were all significantly improved after treatment (P <0. 05) , and markedly higher in C than in the other two groups (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONLow-dose once-daily tadalafil combined with Shuganyiyang Capsules is obviously effective in the treatment of mild-to-moderate ED, which not only improves the patients'erectile function, sexual self-confidence and sexual spontaneity, but also reduces their time concerns.

Adult ; Carbolines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Tadalafil ; Treatment Outcome