Objective To review the results of limb lengthening over an intramedullary nail in management of femoral defect and length discrepancy.Methods Femoral lengthening over an antegrade intramedullary nail was applied to treat length discrepancy of 4 to 7 cm for three cases,and femoral defects of 8 and 11 cm respectively for two cases from January 2001 to December 2003.The nail and an external fixator(Ilizarov external fixator for bone defect and Orthofix limb-reconstruction system for discrepancy)were applied concomitantly at the time of femoral osteotomy.After a mean fixation time of 16.2 days(13 to 24 days),gradual distraction began at a rate of 0.25 millimeter four times a day.When the managed femur reached the expected length,the nail was locked and the fixator was removed in patients with length discrepancy.The procedure was not finished in patients with bone defects until bony consolidation was partially seen.Results All the patients were followed up for a mean time of 36.4 months(range,22 to 47 months).The mean gain in length was 7.2 cm(range,4 to 10 cm)with good consoli- dation,the mean duration of external fixation was 5 months(range,3 to 8 months),and the mean external fixation index was 0.75 month per centimeter(range,0.57 to 1.00 month per centimeter).Neither axial deviation nor re-fracture occurred.At the last follow-up,the mean range of movement of knee was 107?(80?to 135?).Con- clusions In management of defect and length discrepancy of limbs,lengthening over an intramedullary nail has the advantages of short duration of external fixation,good protection against refracture,and earlier rehabilitation of knee joint,as well as disadvantages of long operation time,massive intraoperative bleeding,high cost and much post- operative scarring.

OBJECTIVE:To outline the development of phytomedicine in Germany to offer a reference for traditional Chinese medicine.METHODS:From the aspects of research,production and market to make an exposition of phytomedicine's develop?ment in Germany.RESULTS:There existed a gap between Germany and China in technology and standards in production of botanicals.CONCLUSION:We should use the experience of Germany in developing botanicals to draw up international quality standard of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To construct a THANK adenovirus vector and observe expression of THANK in SMMC-7721 cell line after THANK adenovirus infection. Methods: Human THANK cDNA was cloned into shuttle vector pAdTrack-CMV, and the resultant plasmid was linearized and subsequently cotransformed into E.coli BJ5183 with an adenoviral backbone plasmid pAdEasy-1.Recombinants were then selected and the linearized recombinant plasmid was transfected into 293 cell lines. Finally, THANK recombinant adenovirus production was observed by fluorescent microscope and confirmed by PCR and Western blot analysis. Further THANK adenovirus were used to infect SMMC-7721 cells with different MOI. The expression of THANK in SMMC-7721 cells was observed by fluorescent microscope and by PCR and Western blot analysis. Results: A human THANK recombinant adenovirus vector was constructed and infected SMMC-7721 cell line with high efficiency. The expression of THANK in SMMC-7721 cells was over 35 ng/ml 5 d after transfection. Conclusion: Adenovirus can induce stable expression of THANK in SMMC-7721 cells.

Aim To analyze THANK gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) stimulated with different stimulators and to clone whole length human THANK gene. Methods PBMC were conventionally isolated and cultured in RPMI1640 containing 10％ FCS. After stimulated with LPS,TNF α ,IL 2,IFN γ ,PHA or PMA,the THANK gene expression in PBMCs was analyzed by RT PCR and THANK cDNA was cloned. Result RT PCR detection showed that THNAK gene expressed in PBMCs after stimulated with interferon γ for 3 days, whereas THANK'expression could not be detected after stimulated with LPS,TNF α ,IL 2,IFN γ ,PHA or PMA respectively. Then THANK gene was cloned by cloning PCR product and sequenced. Conclusion Human THANK gene is cloned successfully, thus providing the possibility for further research of THANK'function.

Objective To understand the schistosomiasis endemic situation of surveillance sites in order to offer the scientific evidence for schistosomiasis control in Yunnan Province.Methods According to the protocol of national surveillance of schistosomiasis,four national sites in Yunnan Province were surveyed and the results were analyzed.Results In the four surveillance sites in Yunnan Province,the average infection rate of schistosomiasis of residents was 1.92%,and the infection rates of cattle and water buffaloes were 3.65% and 6.59% respectively.The snail area was 99.44 hm2,and the average density of the snails was 0.37 snail/0.1 m2,and the snail infection rate was 0.08%.There was the feature of higher infection rate and lower infection intensity in residents in Yunnan.Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis falls obviously after the control.However,the domestic animals still play an important role in the transmission of schistosomiasis,and the snails are not well controlled in some sites.So the surveillance and control to cattle and the snail should be continuously strengthened.

AIM: To investigate the roles of protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in delayed protection mechanism of anoxia preconditioning (APC) in rat cardiomyocytes.METHODS: The anoxia/reoxygention (A/R) injury, APC and PMA (an activator of PKC) preconditioning models were established in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and the effects of PKC and ERK blokers on the models were observed. ERK activity was assayed at 10 min after preconditioning in every group. The cellular MDA, SOD, cell viability and LDH release were measured at the end of the study. RESULTS: Compared with the cardiomyocyte in A/R group, the percentage of viable cells and SOD activity were greatly increased (P

The practice of English teaching of microbiology course using the original edition of Microbiology (Prescott LM et al., 5e, 2002) as textbook have been carried out for two years for undergraduate students majoring in Biology. The strengths of this book are comprehensive coverage, flexibility of organizing, and emphasis on the enhancing the overall ability of students. Its content is excellent with fundamental knowledge, systematic arrangement and up-to-date currency, which helps instructor to construct a suitable system in the course structure and curriculum, as well as to enrich the teaching content and to increase teaching effectiveness. The selection of original edition of English textbook in microbiology course is useful to train high-quality biological talents possessing international view and the adaptive ability of globalization process.

Objective To induce mice bone marrow(BM) mono-nuclear cells into dendritic cells(DC) in vitro,and then produce function vaccine of anti-myeloma by bone marrow derived dendritic cells(BM-DC).Methods Mono-nuclear cells separated from mice bone marrow were cultured in tissue culture plastics which supplemented granulocyte-macrophage clonystimulating factor(GM-CSF),IL-4.During the 8 days,there were numerous of mature DCs outgrown,and then fused with SP 2/0 myeloma cells in logarithmic growth phase cultured with 8-azaguaine by polyethylene(PEG).The resulting purified DC/myeloma hybrids were generated by selecting with hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine(HAT).The specific anti-tumor activity was examined in vitro.Results Mono-nuclear cells derived from BM cultured by supplement propriate cytokines milieu in tissue culture plastics,and then exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LPS).There were plenty of mature DCs appear as early as day 8,and exhibit dramatic veils of cytoplasm and extensive dendrites in their surfaces,high express CD11c(83.19%),major histocompatibility complex(MHC)-Ⅱ(95.25%),CD86(89.24%),their capacity to stimulate primary T cell responses in mixed leukocyte reaction(MLR) would be shown strongly.Hybrids could grow well through PEG fusion and HAT selection.These hybrids could stimulate naive T cells into cytotoxic T-lymphocyte(CTLs) directed against SP 2/0 myeloma,and exhibit strong specific killed ability.Conclusions BM-DCs is fused with tumor cells ensure the tumor associated antigens could be processed and presented effectively,and stimulate specific anti-tumor immunity so that prevent or cure this kind of tumor.So it's feasible in practice to produce anti-tumor vaccine by BM-DCs.

Objective To summarize the computed tomography (CT) features of small intestinal obstruction caused by primary abdominal cocoon and investigate the essentials of diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Methods The retrospective descriptive study was adopted.The clinical data of 1 patient with small intestinal obstruction caused by primary abdominal cocoon who was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University on October 6,2014 were collected.The patient underwent abdominal CT on admission and at 10 hours after admission.The patient received emergency exploratory laparotomy after preoperative preparation,and then postoperative regular symptomatic treatment and pathological examination.Results of abdominal CT were observed,including imaging features of abdominal masses,extent of small intestinal obstruction,situation of intestinal tube within the masses,vessel distribution in the mesentery and fibrous capsules around the mesentery.Situation of operation,routine blood test,biochemical indicator,blood coagulation indexes,postoperative recovery,complications,results of pathological examination and situation of patient during follow-up were recorded.The follow-up by telephone interview and outpatient examination was applied to the patient till October 31,2015,including detecting the dietary,with or without symptoms of abdominal pain and distension,haematemesis and hematochezia,routine blood retest,liver function,renal function and CT.Results Results of abdominal CT on admission:(1) coronal plain scan of abdominal CT showed that there were signs of incomplete intestinal obstruction,and local small intestinal dilatation and gas accumulation in left abdominal region without specific sign.(2) Plain scan of abdominal CT showed that there were the coated sign with thickened fibrous capsules around the intestinal tube, banana shape ' with agglomerate and expanding-distortion intestinal tube and aggregative,stretching and twisting mesentery with abnormal vessel distribution.(3) Sagittal reconstruction images of abdominal CT showed that a huge mass consisted of fibrous capsules as cocoon and agglomerate and expanding-distortion intestinal tube was petal-like and fixed on posterior abdominal wall.(4) Coronal reconstruction images of abdominal CT showed that agglomerate and expanding-distortion intestinal tube was annularly surrounded by uneven thickness fibrous capsules with abnormal vessel distribution in the mesentery.Results of abdominal CT at 10 hours after admission:(1) coronal plain scan of abdominal CT showed that small intestinal obstruction was obviously exacerbated and expanding intestinal tubes were increased and aggravated.(2) Plain scan of abdominal CT showed that a typical sign of small intestinal obstruction was exacerbated and there were multiple air-fluid levels in the agglomerate and expanding-distortion intestinal tube with fluid and gas accumulation.Patient underwent successful enterodialysis + resection of fibrous capsules.During operation,a huge mass in the intestine from suspensory ligament of duodenum to ileocecum was fixed on posterior abdominal wall and surrounded by dense,smooth and white fibrous capsules,partial colon was also surrounded by fibrous capsules and greater omentum was missing.Patient received the postoperative supporting treatments of fasting,anti-infection and inhibition of acid.Number of white blood cells,absolute value and percentage of neutrophils,levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were 17.10 × 109/L,15.70 × 109/L,91.5％,127.49 mg/L and 1.370 μg/L by blood routine retest at postoperative day 1,respectively.Patient had normal liver,renal and coagulation functions.Fluid diet intake at postoperative week 1 was gradually replaced by normal diet intake.Patient had normal liver and renal functions by blood routine retest at postoperative day 10 and a good recovery without intestinal fistula,abdominal and pulmonary infections and other complications.Postoperative pathological examination showed that gross specimen was mainly composed of cocoon-shaped,grayish white and tough fibrous capsules.Fibrous capsules were consisted of proliferative fibrofatty tissues by microscope observation,with small vascular hyperplasia and large numbers of the inflammatory cell infiltration.Patient was diagnosed with small intestinal obstruction caused by primary abdominal cocoon after operation,and followed up for 1 year with normal diet intake and without abdominal pain and distension,nausea and vomiting,melena and discomfort.There was normal blood routine retest,liver and renal functions and distribution of the intestine in abdomen by CT examination.No dilatation of the intestinal tube was found and strip-like high density shadow in ileocecum was detected and considered as remnant fibrous capsules.Conclusion Imaging features of small intestinal obstruction caused by primary abdominal cocoon include agglomerate and expanding-distortion intestinal tube fixed on abdomen,partial intestinal tubes dilatation,intestinal fluid accumulation and air-fluid level,aggregative,stretching and twisting mesentery with abnormal vessel distribution,thickened fibrous capsules around intestinal loops and among intestinal tubes.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of the cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) treated in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods 74 cases (hospitalized from January 2012 to December 2013) with advanced pancreatic cancer (Ⅲ ~ Ⅳ stage) were selected. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: CIK cells treated group (38 patients) and chemotherapy group (36 cases). Patients in CIK cells group received CIK cell infusion therapy , and patients in chemotherapy group received only gemcitabine. The efficacy and safety of all patients were observed. Results The efficacy rate of CIK cells group was 29.0%, with no statistical significance compared to chemotherapy alone group (16.7%). Disease control rate was 63.2%, with statistical significance compared to the chemotherapy group (38.9%). The PFS was 3 months (95%CI:2.5 ~ 3.5), OS 6.8 months (95%CI:6.1 ~ 7.5). 6-month survival rate 41.7%, with statistically significance compared to chemotherapy group. Conclusion CIK cells treated in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer is feasible and safe , and can improve disease control rate , improve immunity and produce clinical benefit in patients.