Objective To investigate the impact of dietary protein intake on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adult residents, and to provide a reference for formulating diabetes prevention and control measures. Methods The research was based on cross-sectional survey data from the Nutrition and Health Follow-up Study of Chinese Residents in Chongqing (2021). Energy and nutrient intake was calculated in combination with the Chinese food composition table. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between dietary protein and diabetes, and then restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between dietary protein intake and the development of diabetes. Results Among the 1 415 adult residents, dietary intake of total protein, animal protein, and plant protein was 69.69g/d, 26.26g/d, and 43.43g/d, respectively. The ratio of protein to energy supply was 14.31%, and the prevalence of diabetes was 18.02%. Comparing with the residents in the first percentile of total dietary protein intake, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios of those in the second and third percentile were 1.754 and 2.453 respectively. Comparing the residents in the third percentile with those in the first percentile, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios of diabetes were 1.592 for protein energy supply ratio, and 1.558 for animal protein intake. Conclusion High protein intake, high protein energy supply ratio and high animal protein intake may increase the risk of diabetes, and different types of protein may have different effects on diabetes.

Objective To construct large medical model named by "Huaxi HongYi"and explore its application effectiveness in assisting medical record generation. Methods By the way of a full-chain medical large model construction paradigm of "data annotation - model training - scenario incubation", through strategies such as multimodal data fusion, domain adaptation training, and localization of hardware adaptation, "Huaxi HongYi" with 72 billion parameters was constructed. Combined with technologies such as speech recognition, knowledge graphs, and reinforcement learning, an application system for assisting in the generation of medical records was developed. Results Taking the assisted generation of discharge records as an example, in the pilot department, after using the application system, the average completion times of writing a medical records shortened (21 min vs. 5 min) with efficiency increased by 3.2 time, the accuracy rate of the model output reached 92.4%. Conclusion It is feasible for medical institutions to build independently controllable medical large models and incubate various applications based on these models, providing a reference pathway for artificial intelligence development in similar institutions.

Objective To develop a time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay kit for the rapid,accurate and quantitative detection of S100B protein in serum and to evaluate its performance.Methods The test strip was prepared using time-resolved fluorescent microsphere-labeled anti-S100B polyclonal antibody and rabbit IgG antibody,labeling pads,sample pads,S100B nitrocellulose films and absorbent paper,and an S100B time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay kit was obtained by assembling the cartridge.The performance of the kit developed was evaluated by standard curve,accuracy,minimum detection limit,linear interval,specificity,reproducibility and stability.The reference intervals of 199 pieces of healthy human serum and plasma samples from a certain region were detected with the kit,and the clinical performance of the kit and Roche Elecsys S100 kit was tested by synchronous blind method to assess the consistency of the results of the two kits for 142 samples.Results The S100B time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay kit had the standard curve beingy=(1.133 02+1.752 24)/[1+(x/1.082 20)×(-0.603 52)]-1.752 24,R2=0.999 08 and the linear range being[0.05,30]ng/mL,which met the requirements of the relative deviation of the accuracy within±15％,the minimum detection limit not hgier than 0.05 ng/mL,the relative deviation of specificity within±15％and the coefficient of variation of intra-and inter-batch difference less than 15％.The stability test results indicated that the kit was valid for 12 months at 2-30 ℃ conditions.The reference intervals of serum and plasma samples measured by the kit were both lower than 0.3 ng/mL.Clinical trials showed that the results by the kit and Roche Elecsys S100 Assay Kit were in high agreement(Kappa=0.906 1＞0.80)and met the requirements.Conclusion The kit developed detects the concentration of S100B protein in serum quickly,accurately and quantitatively,and provides references for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases,autoimmune diseases,cerebrovascular diseases and etc.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):47-55]

Objective To compare the application effect of intermittent androgen deprivation(IAD)and continued androgen deprivation(CAD)on advanced prostate cancer and influence on prognosis.Methods The patients with advanced prostate cancer were divided into treatment group(86 cases)and control group(62 cases)according to the cohort method.The treatment group was given IAD regimen(subcutaneous injection of 3.6 mg goserelin once every 28 days)combined with oral administration of flutamide(250 mg every 3 times a day)or combined with oral administration of bicalutamide(50 mg once a day),and the control group was treated with CAD regimen(bilateral orchiectomy combined with continuous flutamide or bicalutamide orally,with the same dosage as the treatment group).The observation follow-up time of both groups was ≥9 months.Efficacy,serum total testosterone(TT),prostate specific antigen(PSA)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were compared between the two groups after treatment,and the side effects of treatment,quality of life[Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate(FACT-P)]and disease progression were evaluated.Results At 9 months after treatment,the objective response rates(ORR)in treatment group and control group were 30.99％(22 cases/71 cases)and 29.09％(16 cases/55 cases),and the disease control rates(DCR)were 71.83％(51 cases/71 cases)and 69.09％(38 cases/55 cases)respectively(P＞0.05).Serum TT levels in treatment group and control group were(25.53±9.44)and(22.51±8.28)ng·dL-1,PSA levels were(4.48±1.02)and(4.32±0.95)ng·mL-1,and VEGF levels were(121.03±35.26)and(118.65±33.42)pg·mL-1 respectively(all P＞0.05).The incidence rates of hot flash in treatment group and control group were 21.13％and 56.36％,the incidence rates of breast swelling pain were 16.90％and 34.55％,and the incidence rates of osteoporosis were 8.45％and 25.45％respectively(all P＜0.05).The scores of physical condition of FACT-P in treatment group and control group were(24.15±4.22)and(20.28±3.71)points,the scores of life condition were(20.28±2.94)and(17.81±2.84)points,scores of prostate cancer specific(PCS)module were(33.21±6.32)and(28.42±5.43)points,respectively,the difference were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The cumulative progression-free survival rates in treatment group and control group were 61.97％and 58.18％(P＞0.05).Conclusion IAD is as effective as CAD in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer and has a similar effect on the prognosis of patients,but the former one has fewer side effects of treatment and helps to improve the quality of life of patients.

AIM To investigate the variation rules of main secondary metabolites in Hedysari Radix before and after rubbing strip.METHODS UPLC-MS/MS was adopted in the content determination of formononetin,ononin,calycosin,calycosin-7-glucoside,medicarpin,genistein,luteolin,liquiritigenin,isoliquiritigenin,vanillic acid,ferulic acid,γ-aminobutyric acid,adenosine and betaine,after which cluster analysis,principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used for chemical pattern recognition to explore differential components.RESULTS After rubbing strip,formononetin,calycosin,liquiritigenin and γ-aminobutynic acid demonstrated increased contents,along with decreased contents of ononin,calycosin-7-glucoside and vanillic acid.The samples with and without rubbing strip were clustered into two types,calycosin-7-glucoside,formononetin,γ-aminobutynic acid,vanillic acid,calycosin-7-glucoside and formononetin were differential components.CONCLUSION This experiment clarifies the differences of chemical constituents in Hedysari Radix before and after rubbing strip,which can provide a reference for the research on rubbing strip mechanism of other medicinal materials.

ObjectiveTo investigate the structural and functional characteristics of gut microbiota in common traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea （IBS-D）. MethodsIBS-D patients who visited the Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， and healthy participants from the Physical Examination Centre of the same hospital were recruited from 1st January 2020 to 31st March 2021.The IBS-D patients were classified into syndrome of liver constraint and spleen deficiency， and syndrome of spleen deficiency and dampness exuberance； together with the recruited healthy participants， there were liver-constraint group， dampness-exuberance group， and healthy group. General information， including age， gender and body mass index （BMI）， were collected， and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptom Severity Scale （IBS-SSS） as well as Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life Scale （IBS-QOL） scores were additionally collected from IBS-D patients. Fresh fecal samples were also collected and tested by macro-genome sequencing technology for abundance statistical display， PCoA， Anosim， LEfSe bioinformatic analysis of the annotated gut microbiota structure and function. ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the general information of the participants in the three groups （P＞0.05）； the difference in the IBS-SSS and IBS-QOL scores between liver-constraint group and dampness-exuberance group were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. The study included 28 cases each in liver-constraint group， dampness-exuberance group， and healthy group. The number of specific genes to patients in liver-constraint group was 269 135， with 216 156 in dampness-exuberance group and 249 759 in healthy group， accounting of total 1 784 036 in the three groups. There were differences in the relative abundance distribution of the top ten species of gut microbiota among the three groups， with smaller differences at the phylum， class and order levels， and larger differences at the family， genus and species levels. There were differences in the relative abundance of structure and function of the gut microbiota among the three groups. Species PCoA and Anosim analyses at the species level showed significant differences in the composition of the microbiota among the three groups. Further LEfSe analyses showed that patients in liver-constraint group were screened for 14 dominant strains， of which Clostridium sp. CAG 217， Lachnospira pectinoschiza， Anaerotruncus sp. CAG 528， Paeniclostridium sordellii， Eubecterium sp. CAG 76， Bacillus cereus were affected to a greater extent in abundance differences； dampness-exuberance group screened 24 species of dominant bacteria， of which Roseburia inulinivorans， Eubacterium sp. CAG 251， Roseburia hominis， Unclassified Eubacterium rectale， Roseburia intestinalis， and Megamonas funiformis were affected to a greater extent in abundance differences； no dominant functional genes were screened for patients in liver-constraint group， and dampness-exuberance group was screened for flagellum assembly （ko02040）， porphyrin metabolism （ ko00860）， salmonella infection （ko05132）， and benzoic acid degradation （ko00362）. The differentially dominant functional genes in liver-constraint group and dampness-exuberance group may mainly focus on metabolism （including biodegradation and metabolism of exogenous substances， energy metabolism， lipid metabolism， etc.）. ConclusionIBS-D with syndrome of liver constraint and spleen deficiency is characterized by the enrichment of 14 gut microbiota， such as Clostridium sp. CAG 217， while IBS-D with syndrome of spleen deficiency and dampness exuberance is characterized by the enrichment of 24 gut microbiota， such as Roseburia inulinivorans， and 4 functional enrichments， such as flagellum assembly. Clostridium sp. CAG 217 and Roseburia inulinivorans are expected to be biomarkers for IBS-D patients in the two syndromes， respectively.

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

Forensic examination materials are often plagued by trace amounts,mixes,and other factors.Single-cell isolation technology can solve these forensic problems to some extent by studying each cell individually to obtain comprehensive and reliable information.There are many single cell isolation techniques available in research reports,such as flow cytometry,laser capture microdissection,etc.This review will summarize the most common single cell isolation techniques used by researchers today,and summarize the application of various techniques in forensic science,summarize the selection strategies for single-cell isolation techniques in different scenarios based on cost,degree of automation,yield,cell damage rate,and the availability of relevant forensic platforms,and finally explore the forensic application prospects of single-cell isolation techniques.In general,single cell isolation can be applied to multiple fields such as mixed stain examination,post-mortem time inference,pre-and post-mortem injury determination,forensic toxicology analysis,forensic microbiology and forensic anthropology.The development of single cell isolation technology is of great value to the application of forensic medicine,and will provide a new way of deciphering difficult examination materials.

This study was aimed at understanding the genomic characteristics of the Vibrio cholerae O1 group isolated from humans in Fujian Province,to provide essential data for the molecular epidemiological study of cholera.From 2008 to 2022,16 strains of the V.cholerae O1 group from patients and carriers were collected,and antibiotic sensitivity was determined accord-ing to the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC).The whole genome sequences obtained through second generation sequen-cing were analyzed in open source software,including snippy,Roary,and Prokka,as well as online analysis websites,inclu-ding NCBI and BacWGSTdb,for core-genome multilocus sequence typing(cgMLST),core-genome single nucleotide polymor-phism analysis(cgSNP),virulence gene analysis,drug resistance gene prediction,and pan-genomic diversity analysis.The whole genome sequences of V.cholerae were divided into five sequence types(STs),among which the newly discovered ST182 and ST1480 were the evolutionary branches of the current dominant clonal group ST75 in China,and were highly related to two strains isolated from Taiwan in 2010 and 2013,respectively.Both toxigenic strains and non-toxigenic strains carried a variety of virulence factors and showed gene variation to varying degrees.Thirteen drug resistance genes in seven categories were predicted,among which the distribution of colistin and tetracycline resistance genes was consistent with the drug resistance phenotype.Pan-ge-nomic analysis indicated that V.cholerae had an open pan-genome,and Roary cluster analysis showed higher resolution than cgMLST.In summary,V.cholerae O1 group isolates from humans in Fujian Province have polymorphisms in genome structure and function,and the newly discovered ST1480 clone group has epidemic potential.Therefore,the monitoring of such strains must be strengthened.

Aim To investigate the possible mechanism of action of Qingjie Huagong decoction(QJHGD)on acute lung injury(ALI)associated with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)using network pharmacology,and to verify it by animal experiments.Methods The TC-MSP,BATMAN-TCM,ETCM,and SwissTargetPredic-tion databases were searched to obtain the action tar-gets of the blood-entering active ingredients of each drug in the QJHGD.The GeneCard database was searched to obtain SAP-ALI disease targets.The drug targets and disease targets were intersected to obtain common targets.Subsequently,the common targets were analyzed by STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.1 software for protein interaction network analysis.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed with the help of DAVID database.Finally,the key signa-ling pathways were verified by animal experiments.Results A total of 28 active ingredients were screened out for the treatment of SAP-ALI with 42 common tar-gets.PPI network analysis showed that STAT3,IL-6,and TGFB1 might be core targets;GO and KEGG en-richment analysis mainly involved cell proliferation,PI3K/AKT signaling pathways,etc.Animal experi-ments confirmed that QJHGD could improve the pathol-ogy of pancreas and lung tissues in SAP-ALI rat mod-el,down-regulate the expression levels of α-amylase,lipase,IL-1 β,IL-6,and TNF-α in serum,and down-regulate the expression levels of proteins and mRNAs related to PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway in lung tis-sues.Conclusion QJHGD synergistically treats SAP-ALI through multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway,with a mechanism that may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation.